著者

三谷 恵一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.137-141, 1971-08-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

24

著者

牧田 稔

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.87-96, 1948 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

髙田 琢弘 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.14027, (Released:2015-09-15)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

2

---

In this experimental study, the effects of cognitive load on reckless gambling were investigated among Japanese undergraduates. Changes in the participants’ emotional states and perceived luck while gambling were also investigated. Participants (23 males and 21 females) performed the Game of Dice Task (GDT) consisting of 18 trials; their emotional states and perceived luck were assessed before the first trial and after subsequent trial. Participants in the experimental group were asked to memorize words while playing the GDT, whereas those in the control group were not required to do so. Results indicate that the experimental group gambled more recklessly than the control group while performing the GDT. Furthermore, participants in the experimental group experienced more positive emotions and better perceived luck than the control group. These results suggest that individuals with cognitive load while gambling are likely to interpret their emotional states and perceived luck more favorably and to overestimate the probability of winning. Therefore, these individuals are prone to gambling recklessly.

著者

井上 裕珠 村田 光二

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.1-8, 2014

被引用文献数

2

---

Envy is an unpleasant emotion caused by comparison with a person who possesses something we desire. We conducted two studies to test our prediction that less envy would be felt when the person could attain what others had. In Study 1, participants read scenarios in which their friend could achieve a goal which they could not, and rated their emotions toward the friend. We manipulated the attainability according to whether the goal could be achieved by effort. In Study 2, participants competed with a confederate, and were informed that their performance was worse than that of the confederate. Afterwards the attainability was manipulated by either informing the participants that the possibility of improving their ability was very low or high. Then participants rated their emotions toward the confederate, and we also checked whether the participants had helped the confederate. As predicted, our findings demonstrated that those in the high attainability condition felt envy less than those in the low attainability condition, but showed no significant differences in helping behavior.

著者

石井 国雄 田戸岡 好香

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.14020, (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

8

---

Previous research has suggested that Western European individuals exhibit negative attitudes toward older adults under pathogen threat. The present study investigated whether Japanese individuals exhibited ageism when pathogen threat was salient. Additionally, the study determined whether pathogen threat would have less of an impact on ageism among individuals with experience living with older adults. Study 1 showed that when pathogen threat was chronically and contextually salient, Japanese university students who had no experience living with older adults exhibited ageism, while those with such experience did not. Study 2 showed similar findings among Japanese nursing students. We argue that familiarity with older adults is essential for diminishing ageism in the event of a pathogen threat.

著者

小野 浩一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.5, pp.307-313, 1983-12-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

16

---

The degree of confidence under uncertainty can be described by two aspects: cognitive and behavioral. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between cognition and behavior by measuring confidence scores and conforming responses to cue information in two-choice prediction situation. Probability of cue information being positive was 1.0, .75, .5, .25, and 0. The main results were as follows: (a) Both confidence scores and conforming responses depended on cue information, but while asymptotic confidence scores approximated the probability of positive information under any condition, rates of conforming responses exceeded the probability of positive information except under a 100% condition, (b) in the early stage of trials the pattern of conforming responses markedly differed from that of confidence scores, and (c) confidence scores changed sensitively according to accuracy of cue information. These findings suggest that confidence and behavior result from different sources respectively, and that many biases appear particularly in behavioral aspect.

著者

藤原 武弘 田頭 伸子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.75-79, 1984-06-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 4

---

The purpose of this study is to answer two problems. (1) Which attribute is the most important in the similarity judgments of classical music? (2) Are there differences in the salience of particular dimensions between the music students and the nonmusic students? Forty female subjects were asked to rate nine musical stimuli on semantic differential scales. They were asked again to rate similarity among all possible pairs of the same nine stimuli. Individual difference multidimensional scaling (ALSCAL) yielded two common stimulus dimensions, which were interpreted as affective dimension and historical dimension. There were significant differences between the music students and the nonmusic students in the weight of these dimensions. Perceptual judgments of nonmusic students are dominated only by affective dimension, while those of music students judgments are dominated by both affective and historical dimensions.

著者

下木戸 隆司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.5, pp.469-477, 2007-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2 2

---

This study examined whether semantic satiation effects for a picture exemplar differ from a word exemplar. If massive repetition of the category name leads to an inhibition of conceptual processing, then semantic satiation effects would be found in both the word and picture exemplar conditions. However, if the repetition leads to an inhibition of lexical processing, then effects would be found for the word exemplar but not the picture exemplar. To examine these hypotheses, 48 college students were asked to judge whether a target pair of exemplars belonged to the same named category. The results showed that semantic satiation effects were found equally in both exemplar conditions. Moreover, the picture-superiority effect was intact regardless of the prime repetitions. The possibility was discussed that word and picture exemplars are integrated into an abstract and amodal conceptual unit; hence category judgment was affected by the satiation effect.

著者

堀 麻佑子 沼田 恵太郎 中島 定彦

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.6, pp.625-631, 2014

---

This study investigated the effects of positive and negative reinforcement on superstitious behaviors. Participants were instructed to produce the word "GOOD" on a computer display (positive reinforcement condition) or to remove the word "BAD" (negative reinforcement condition) by pressing any of six keys. The words GOOD or BAD were presented at fixed-time intervals regardless of the participant's responses. In Experiment 1, only participants exposed to the negative reinforcement condition acquired superstitious behaviors. However, the observed asymmetry may not have been due to the polarity of consequences (positive vs. negative) but instead to the amount of time of goal states, because the period of the absence of BAD was longer than the period of the presence of GOOD. Experiment 2 varied the duration of word presentations to match the period of goal state between the positive and negative reinforcement conditions, and found that participants acquired superstitious behaviors equally under the two conditions. These results indicate that the duration of a consequence rather than its polarity is a critical factor controlling superstitious behaviors. The theoretical relationship between superstitious behavior and the illusion of control is discussed.

著者

服部 陽介 本間 喜子 丹野 義彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13060, (Released:2014-08-01)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The purpose of this study was to clarify the contents of meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression and to investigate the relationship between these beliefs and the paradoxical effects of thought suppression. In Study 1, we developed a scale measuring the endorsement of meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression. This measure, the Meta-cognitive Beliefs about Thought Suppression Questionnaire (BTQ), has four subscales: Distraction, Paradoxical Effect, Regret, and Promotion of Concentration. In Study 2 and Study 3, the BTQ showed sufficient criterion-related validity and test-retest reliability. In Study 4, we conducted an experiment to investigate the relationship between meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression and its paradoxical effects. Results showed that the Paradoxical Effect subscale score significantly predicted the number of intrusive thoughts during thought suppression. The development process of meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression and implications for research about cognitive control are discussed.

著者

井深 信男

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.300-315, 1985

---

Recent advances on the study of circadian rhythm are reviewed and discussed on the following topics: (1) its phylogeny (the existence of extraretinal photoreceptors, photoreceptors for entrainment, the location of circadian oscillators), (2) its ontogeny and aging, (3) its central neural mechanism (the ablation study of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the electrophysiological study of the SCN in multiple unit activity and single neuron activity in rat hypothalamic slice preparation, the use of 2-DG as a functional marker, the transplantation of the SCN, the afferents and efferents of SCN and its peptides), (4) multiple oscillators theory (the anticipatory activities in rats with SCN lesions in response to the restricted feeding schedule, internal desynchronization, splitting), and (5) its psychological significance. Many lines of evidence have shown that the SCN is a putative circadian pacemaker in mammals. On the other hand, other lines of evidence suggest that there are other oscillators outside the SCN. Finally it is emphasized that the chronobiological viewpoint is necessary for the development of psychology.

著者

松井 豊

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

心理學研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.5, pp.335-342, 1993

被引用文献数

1 5

---

In this study, the interrelational structure of the six love styles based on J. A. Lee's theory (1973, 1974) was analyzed, and developmental changes in the structure at distinct behavioral stages of romantic love (Matsui, 1991) were examined. One thousand and ninety-two undergraduates from six universities in the Tokyo Metropolitan area responded to a questionnaire asking about (1) their behavior and experience in romantic love, (2) love and liking scales (Rubin, 1970), and (3) love style scale developed by Matsui, Tokusa, Tachizawa, Okubo, Omae, Okamura, and Yoneda (LETS-2; 1990) based on Lee's theory. Principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling of LETS-2 scores of 738 students who had an intimate heterosexual friend indicated that their Eros, Mania, and Agape scores clustered together. Analyses of variance showed that Eros, Mania, and Agape scores increased as love developed, but the Ludus score peaked at the kissing stage, and the Storge score was high at an early stage. All the analyses suggested that the interrelational structure of the six love styles is perhaps square or triangular pyramid, and not circular as Lee hypothesized

著者

鈴川 由美 豊田 秀樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.51-63, 2012 (Released:2012-09-26)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 3

---

This study analyzed the statistical power of research studies published in the “Japanese Journal of Psychology” in 2008 and 2009. Sample effect sizes and sample statistical powers were calculated for each statistical test and analyzed with respect to the analytical methods and the fields of the studies. The results show that in the fields like perception, cognition or learning, the effect sizes were relatively large, although the sample sizes were small. At the same time, because of the small sample sizes, some meaningful effects could not be detected. In the other fields, because of the large sample sizes, meaningless effects could be detected. This implies that researchers who could not get large enough effect sizes would use larger samples to obtain significant results.

著者

山内 香奈

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.2, pp.117-125, 2012 (Released:2012-11-20)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

---

This research employed an extended hypothetical model that included the cognitions of attribution and importance from Oliver's (1980) expectancy-disconfirmation model. The model examined factors which might mitigate the experiences of dissatisfied passengers who encountered the types of service disruption that occur frequently on city train routes. A covariance structural analysis model was applied to questionnaire data obtained from 5 383 railroad users who encountered problems. The passengers' degree of discontent was most strongly influenced by their evaluation of the responsibility attributed by the railroad company. The strong influence of the passengers' impression of the impropriety of the railroad company's announcements regarding the train service make it imperative for the railroad company to take strong corrective action. The passengers' dissatisfaction will decrease greatly when there are appropriate announcements, in addition to the alleviation of discrepancies related to time, confusion, and changes.

著者

伊藤 裕子 相良 順子

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.211-216, 2012-08

著者

高橋 美保 森田 慎一郎 石津 和子

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.2, pp.100-107, 2012-06

著者

佐々木 淳 丹野 義彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.4, pp.397-402, 2005-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4 4

---

During adolescence, it is known that some experiences similar to mental disorders are observed in normal people. This study empirically examined the psychological factors causing the distress of egorrhea symptoms, i. e., the feeling that the internal state is “seen through.” Possible psychological factors were identified based on previous studies. A questionnaire battery was administered to undergraduate students and a series of multiple regression analyses was conducted on the questionnaire data with the degrees of distress as the dependent variable and psychological factors as independent variables. The results indicated that the distress of egorrhea symptoms in the situation of “blushing and dismay” was led by the idea of offending, the motivation for avoiding rejection, and suspicion; and that the distress of egorrhea symptoms in the situation of “disagreeable individual” was led by the idea of offending, motivation for avoiding rejection, and secrecy. The results suggest that the ideas of offending and the motivation for avoiding rejection have a significant influence on egorrhea symptoms. Finally, the relationship between egorrhea symptoms and communication was discussed.

著者

齊藤 陽子 佐久間 尚子 石井 賢二 水澤 英洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.405-413, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

25

---

Two experiments were conducted to identify the role of lyrics and melody in song recognition. Experiment 1 (N=30) investigated the ratings of familiarity, age of acquisition, retrievability of lyrics or melody, and happiness for 100 Japanese children's songs. In Experiment 2 (N=31), a familiarity-judgment task was conducted involving three stimulus types—sung lyrics (SONG), spoken lyrics (LYRICS), and sung melody using the syllable/la/ (MELODY) —for two excerpts (beginning and middle locations). The participants were instructed to judge whether an excerpt sounded familiar as quickly as possible. The more familiar the songs, the easier could they be identified from the three stimulus types. SONG-response time (RT) was shorter than MELODY-RT for both beginning and middle, and than LYRICS-RT for the middle. The location effect emerged most prominently for LYRICS-RT. Our results suggest that interactively connected information of lyrics and melody may facilitate song recognition. Lyrics in the beginning might be an index only for certain, very familiar songs, whereas melody may play a facilitative role for song recognition regardless of location.

著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.171-177, 1998-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

---

Even when the amount of loss reduction is exactly the same, a protective action that leaves no loss may be valued more than others that leave some. It is called “zero-risk effect, ” which was examined in this study. One hundred and forty-four undergraduates rated their willingness to pay (WTP) for three protective actions that would leave 800, 400, or 0 deaths. Results showed that the WTP difference between actions resulting in 400 deaths and no death was larger than that between actions resulting in 800 deaths and 400 deaths. The effect was shown not only in a negative framing condition, but also in a positive one. The results thus established the robustness of zero-risk effect, which cannot be explained in terms of the negative framing effect. Finally, implications for risk management and risk communication were discussed.

著者

大宮 明子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.1-8, 2008 (Released:2011-03-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 1

---

This study examined the development of the thinking strategy that leads to the conclusion that not every simple problem has a simple solution (indetermination). The development of this strategy was examined by studying the developmental process of indeterminate conditional reasoning, using the following three conditionals: category-based, causal, and deontic. The experiment was conducted with a total of 100 children between late four and early six years of age. First, the children were administered the indeterminate conditional reasoning task and the comprehension task, which examined whether or not they understood the statement that not every simple problem has a simple solution. The results revealed that although young children understood the concept of indetermination, they were not always able to draw an indeterminate conclusion. On being encouraged to change their viewpoint, the children found it easier to arrive at the correct conclusion. The development of the thinking strategy and ways to encourage it were discussed based on the results.