著者

原田 悦子

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

心理學研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, pp.302-308, 1987

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One important issue in direct priming research is whether or not priming effects are restricted to single words. Four series of experiments were conducted with word pairs. The reading time was measured for physically inverted word pairs written in katakana characters. The results indicated that the direct priming effect was obtained with word pairs regardless of the task condition, perceptual or semantic. The important thing is whether the task is processed in an integrated manner or not.

著者

髙野 陽太郎 伊藤 言

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.6, pp.584-588, 2016 (Released:2016-02-25)

参考文献数

42

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Volpi (2004) pointed out that Alessandro Valignano, a 16th century Christian missionary, had considered the Japanese extreme collectivists. According to Volpi, his remark was based on Valignano’s reports (1583, 1592) edited by Alvares-Taladriz (1954). However, it is highly questionable whether Volpi examined these texts directly because the information about them provided by Volpi involved many serious errors. A thorough inspection of Valignano’s translated reports found no mention of Japanese collectivism. On the contrary, he had actually reported exceedingly individualistic behaviors of Japanese warriors. Such behaviors are consistent with what is widely known about the 16th century Civil Wars in Japan. It has thus turned out that no reliable evidence is present for the alleged observation by Valignano.

著者

尾島 碩心 佐藤 泰正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.134-137, 1956 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

著者

和智 妙子 渡邉 和美 横田 賀英子 大塚 祐輔 Lamb Michael E.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.16002, (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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This study examined the relationships between the reasons for confessions and interviewing styles by administering a self-reported questionnaire to new male adult prison inmates across Japan. The three factors proposed by Gudjonsson and his colleagues (1991, 1992, 1994, 1999), namely, perception of proof, internal pressure, and external pressure, were investigated. When participants had decided to confess prior to interviews, they were more likely to confess due to perception of proof and internal pressure compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, participants who experienced a relationship-focused interviewing style, which stressed active listening and rapport-building while talking about the criminal incidents directly, were more likely to confess due to internal pressure and less likely to confess due to external pressure.

著者

二村 郁美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15045, (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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This study examined the influence of prosocial behaviors on evaluations of morality and warmth. There were four patterns of interaction: positive reciprocity (with both cost and benefit), only-cost (with cost but without benefit), negative reciprocity (without either cost or benefit), and only-benefit (with benefit but without cost). Three-hundred-fourteen undergraduate students participated in this study. The participants read an example of interaction and evaluated the actors’ morality and warmth. Results of one-way ANOVA showed that the ratings of morality and warmth differed significantly between the conditions. There was no significant difference of perceived morality between only-cost and positive reciprocity. In contrast, warmth was evaluated higher in only-cost than in positive reciprocity. This suggests that people evaluated morality and warmth differently depending on whether the prosocial behavior was obligatory or optional.

著者

中村 國則

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.436-441, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

19

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The four-card selection task (Wason, 1966) is one of the best known tasks used in the literatures of human reasoning. This article analyzes this selection task by using item response theory (Lord & Novick, 1968). Japanese undergraduates (N=323) responded six types of the Wason's selection tasks including indicative task (Wason, 1966), beer task (Griggs & Cox, 1982), and cassava task (Cosmides, 1989). An exploratory categorical factor analysis revealed a one factor structure of the six tasks. The results of an analysis using a two-parameter logistic model indicated that the indicative tasks were similar to the beer task and the cassava task in terms of the discrimination parameter, and that the relative diffculty between the tasks would varied according to the value of the ability parameter estimated by the two-parameter logistic model.

著者

柏木 惠子 平山 順子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.122-130, 2003

被引用文献数

4 5

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The purpose of this study was to investigate recent changes in marital norm and reality in middle-aged couples, and how marital reality, as perceived by oneself, was associated with their demographic variables, as well as their marital satisfaction. A questionnaire was administered, and 277 pairs of middle-aged, nuclear-family couples participated. Main findings were as follows. First, factor analysis of marital reality variables extracted three factors: love each other, respect for the husband's life style, and respect for wife's life style. Second, concerning the wife's education and income, 'respect for the wife's life style' was highest among highly educated double income couples. Third, 'love each other' was the most important predictor of marital satisfaction for both husbands and wives. Finally, 'respect for the husband's the life style' was associated with husband's satisfaction, while that for the wife's was not with wife's marital satisfaction.

著者

吉田 正昭 藤井 和子 栗田 淳子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.195-203, 1966

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this report is (I) to factor-analyze the structure of concept "on", from the data obtained in our previous survey, and (II) to examine the customs (not abstract ideas) based on "on" or "giri".<br>(I) <i>Method</i>. Three factors were extracted from the correlation matrix of attributes of "on", for each of the three groups, (i.e, younger males, younger females, and older people. <i>Results</i>. Factor matrices are shown in Table 1. For younger males, factor i represents a conflict between affective area (true love, gratitude) and social and political area (mutual dependence, social coercion, etc), factor ii represents the conflict between economic area (benefit, etc) and rational area (voluntariness, obligation), while factor iii represents the conflict between economic area and political power area (traditional, authoritalian, etc). Correspondence among the three groups ranged 0.5-0.6. Although "taimen" or appearances, indebtedness, or fictitious love were regarded as essential attributes of "on" by Benedict, Fukuba, and Kawashima, these are no longer essential for the concept "on". In present day Japan, "on" has more rational elements in it, and functions as a lubricating oil of community, whereas "giri" is still regarded as a feudalistic human relation, and tends to disappear.<br>(II) Survey of customs based on "on" or "giri". <i>Method</i>. Enquêtes concerning "Chugen" or summer gift, "Seibo" or year-end present, New year cards, etc. were distributed, sometimes supplemented by interviews. <i>S</i>s were male and female adults living in Tokyo, two farming villages (Shizuoka and Hiroshima), and a fisherman's island (Hiroshima), totaling 464. <i>Results.</i> (1) Urban people regard these customs as a chance to express their gratitude, affective indebtedness, etc., but rural people (especially those in fishery) regard them as a duty based on "universal humanism", not necessarily specific in their own community. (2) Importance of human relation (3) main family-branch family, (5) boss-henchman, (8) master-servants, (9) guild master-apprentice, shows fairly marked urban-rural difference. Of course, urban people do not feel them seriously, but rural people feel them considerably. Most important relations in three districts are (1) parent-child, and (4) ancestor-descendant. <i>Conclusion</i>. Differences due to generations and districts indicate that for present day Japanese people, the concept "on" tends to lose its traditional meaning and change to a more rational moral standard based on universality of human nature, inner conscience, sense of obligation, etc.

著者

小保方 晶子 無藤 隆

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.5, pp.424-432, 2006

被引用文献数

5

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This study examined the characteristics typically seen before the start of delinquency. Questionnaire surveys were administered twice to 1524 junior high school students, in the first and again in the second school term. Students were classified into three groups according to the time when they started engaging in delinquent behavior: "experienced" (having engaged in delinquency before the first survey: <i>N</i>=304), "started" (reporting their start of delinquency after the first survey: <i>N</i>=157), and "no experience" (having no experience of delinquency: <i>N</i>=1063). Comparisons of the three groups showed that the "started" group shared the same characteristic factors with the "experienced" group. Compared with the "no experience" group, both delinquency groups reported a less intimate relationship with their parents, more experience of domestic abuse, less parental control, and more conforming behavior with their friends. Also, the "started" group showed a sharp change in their degree of enjoyment of school life. Although the "started" group reported the same level of school life before starting delinquency as the "no experience" group, they reported a lower degree of enjoyment, nearly equal with that of the "experienced" group, after starting delinquency.

著者

東垣内 徹生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.33-38, 1998-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

9

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Two experiments were designed to examine the way Chinese characters (Kanji) are identified. In the first experiment, subjects reported whether the stimulus was a correct character or a pseudo-character. The decision latencies were longer when parts of characters (Bushu) were rotated than when whole characters were rotated. If whole-shape cues of Chinese characters contribute to identification, distortions of these shapes by partial rotation should have negative effects on the recognizability of characters. The results of the first experiment supported this expectation. In the second experiment, subjects reported whether the stimulus was a two-letter-word or a nonword. In this case, the latencies when the whole stimulus was rotated did not differ from the latencies when only one character was rotated. These results suggested that identification of words written in Chinese characters did not rely on word-shape cues.

著者

松田 侑子 設楽 紗英子 濱田 祥子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15214, (Released:2016-07-09)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2

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This study aimed to develop a scale for unexpected reality for childcare training (Study 1) and examine the change and influence it exerts on the efficacy of preschool teachers (Study 2). In Study 1, the sample consisted of 571 university and junior college students enrolled in a childcare course. After exploratory factor analysis, four factors were extracted: “actual feelings for childcare as a field of study,” “difficulties faced during involvement with children,” “negative aspects of the childcare worker,” and “severity of work.” The study’s scale was shown to be internally consistent and valid. In Study 2, the sample consisted of 122 junior college students enrolled in a childcare course. The results showed that the high-scoring groups of each unexpected reality subscales experienced less unexpected reality in the subsequent training session. Moreover, the results of multiple regression showed that preschool teacher efficacy was predicted positively by “actual feelings for childcare as a field of study” and negatively by “difficulties faced during involvement with children.” Thus, we suggest that for effective pre- and post-guidance of childcare training, unexpected realities should be considered.

著者

井邑 智哉 髙村 真広 岡崎 善弘 徳永 智子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15212, (Released:2016-07-09)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

5

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We developed a scale to measure time management and assessed its reliability and validity. We then used this scale to examine the impact of time management on psychological stress response. In Study 1-1, we developed the scale and assessed its internal consistency and criterion-related validity. Findings from a factor analysis revealed three elements of time management, “time estimation,” “time utilization,” and “taking each moment as it comes.” In Study 1-2, we assessed the scale’s test-retest reliability. In Study 1-3, we assessed the validity of the constructed scale. The results indicate that the time management scale has good reliability and validity. In Study 2, we performed a covariance structural analysis to verify our model that hypothesized that time management influences perceived control of time and psychological stress response, and perceived control of time influences psychological stress response. The results showed that time estimation increases the perceived control of time, which in turn decreases stress response. However, we also found that taking each moment as it comes reduces perceived control of time, which in turn increases stress response.

著者

野崎 優樹 子安 増生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.14207, (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

2 8

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Emotional competence refers to individual differences in the ability to appropriately identify, understand, express, regulate, and utilize one’s own emotions and those of others. This study developed a Japanese version of a short form of the Profile of Emotional Competence, a measure that allows the comprehensive assessment of intra- and interpersonal emotional competence with shorter items, and investigated its reliability and validity. In Study 1, we selected items for a short version and compared it with the full scale in terms of scores, internal consistency, and validity. In Study 2, we examined the short form’s test-retest reliability. Results supported the original two-factor model and the measure had adequate reliability and validity. We discuss the construct validity and practical applicability of the short form of the Profile of Emotional Competence.

著者

清水 裕士 大坊 郁夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.6, pp.575-582, 2008-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

6 4

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A hierarchical data analysis was conducted using data from couples to examine how self-reports of interactions between partners in romantic relationships predict the quality of the relationships. Whereas the social exchange theory has elucidated the quality of relationships from the individual level of subjectivity, this study focused on the structure of interactions between the partners (i. e., the frequency, strength, and diversity) through a process of inter-subjectivity at the couple level. A multilevel covariance structure analysis of 194 university students involved in romantic relationships revealed that the quality of relationships was mainly related to the strength and the diversity of interactions at the couple level, rather than the strength of interactions at the individual level. These results indicate that the inter-subjective process in romantic relationships may primarily explain the quality of relationships.

著者

田中 富士夫

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.272-276, 1958

著者

芳賀 道匡 高野 慶輔 羽生 和紀 西河 正行 坂本 真士

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15010, (Released:2016-05-10)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 7

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The purpose of this study was to examine how university social capital and subjective social capital could predict undergraduate students’ subjective well-being including depression, school satisfaction, and life satisfaction. In this cross-sectional study, we conducted multilevel structural equation modeling on the data of 2,021 students at 38 universities in Japan. At the university level, we found the associations between social capital (fellows) and depression, social capital (classmates) and life satisfaction, and social capital (faculty) and school satisfaction. At the student level, all subjective social capital (fellows, classmates, and faculty) were associated with all the factors of subjective well-being. These results suggest the influence of university social capital and that of subjective social capital are associated with students’ subjective well-being.

著者

赤間 健一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.445-455, 2015 (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

6

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In studies of motivational regulation, motivational regulation strategies to maintain motivation have been examined while the strategies to initiate motivation have been overlooked. In this study, motivational regulation strategies for initiating motivation (motivation initiating strategies) were examined and the Motivation Initiating Strategy Scale was developed. In study 1, based on open-ended questionnaire to collect the strategies that learners usually use, items were selected for the scale. Using exploratory factor analysis, 5 motivation initiating strategies subscales were extracted. In study 2, the validity of the scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis and correlations and partial correlations with intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, achievement goal and reliability were examined by test-retest correlations and internal consistencies for subscales. Both the validity and reliability were demonstrated in order to measure motivation initiating strategies. The results of this study suggest that motivation initiating strategies contain some of the same strategies as motivation maintaining strategies, and indicate the possibility that the structures and roles in the motivational regulation of the initiating and maintaining strategies are different.

著者

榊原 良太 北原 瑞穂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15302, (Released:2016-03-10)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 30

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This study aimed to investigate the relations between CERQ and depression, and anxiety, and also aimed to reveal the characteristics of a Japanese sample through meta-analysis. The results showed that self-blame, acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others had significantly positive correlations with both depression and anxiety, whereas positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective had significantly negative correlations with both variables. Moreover, when comparing the correlation coefficients of the Japanese samples and the combined value, correlations between depression and positive reappraisal were significantly larger than the combined value. On the other hand, regarding the correlation coefficients of depression and putting into perspective, the combined value was larger than the value of Japanese samples. In addition, compared to the combined value, the Japanese sample’s positive correlation between anxiety and rumination, and negative correlation between anxiety and positive reappraisal were larger.

著者

山 愛美

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

心理學研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.287-292, 1986

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Forty male college students participated in a study to clarify response patterns in a continuous word association task on the assumption that response pattern may be related to one's "complex" (Jung, 1973). Each subject was asked to produce 10 "response" words to each of 17 "stimulus" words, 10 of which were "complex related" (C-words), seven of which were "neutral" (N-words). These stimulus words were selected from the set of 100 words comprising the WAT pertaining to the "complex indicator" (Jung, 1973). The results were as follows: (1) emotionally positive and negative responses were given more frequently to C-words than to N-words; (2) subjects became more emotionally unstable to C-words than to N-words; (3) the word "man" was given more often as a response to C-words than to N-words and was often the first responsfe word givens Overall, it was revealed that the continuous word association task is a useful device for investigating associative response patterns, especially the objective characteristics of them.

著者

樋口 収 埴田 健司 小林 麻衣 北村 英哉

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.363-368, 2012

被引用文献数

1 1 1

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This research investigated how to overcome temptations and protect high-order goals while pursuing a goal. We hypothesized that in order to promote self-regulation, individuals non-cousciously engage in asymmetric evaluative responses to goal-relevant and temptation-relevant stimuli. In an experiment, we manipulated either diet goal or academic goal. Then, we measured evaluations of either sugary drinks (e.g., Coke, Fanta) or healthy drinks (e.g., Healthya Green Tea, Black Oolong Tea). The results showed that participants who activated a diet goal had significantly more positive evaluations of healthy drinks than sugary drinks. In addition, this tendency was moderated by the means of dieting (i.e., only participants who cut down on sweets when going on a diet). The role of non-consious asymmetric evaluations for self-regulation is discussed.