著者

工藤 孝幾

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.13-20, 1980-06-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

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Certain studies concerning human perception has revealed that vision dominates all the other sense modalities. This study tried to confirm the visual dominance over kinesthesis by taking a case of memorizing an arm movement which was visually monitored, and to record a score in an attempt to demonstrate the degree of visual dominance over kinesthesis. An arm positioning task was selected for this experiment, and its basic procedure of measurement will follow. First, subjects memorized a standard distance by vision and kinesthesis. While moving the right arm for a certain standard distance, they were allowed to observe the movement by vision. But some artificial conflicts were produced between these two sense modalities in this case. Then, subjects attempted to repeat the arm movement for the same standard distance, when the conflicts were removed. How much the reproduced distance was close to the visual or kinesthetic information which were conflicting with each other, was recorded, which was presented in per cent scores. The results indicated the followings: 1) Almost all subjects did not realize the conflicts. While the visual dominance score showed that vision dominated kinesthesis, the score also showed that the dominance, was not complete. 2) The longer the standard distance, the stronger was the visual dominance, which may be interpreted as follows. As the standard distance increased, the kinesthetic matching errors became greater, while the visual matching errors were relatively constant. These trends suggested that when the standard distance became longer, subjects depended on the visual information more strongly than when it was shorter. 3) Individual differences of visual dominance score were examined. The results did not necessarily support the existence of indivisual differences. But, further studies may be necessary to draw any definite conclusions on this matter.

著者

川村 卓 島田 一志 高橋 佳三 森本 吉謙 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.423-438, 2008-12-10 (Released:2009-02-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

25 4

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The purpose of this study was to analyze three-dimensionally two groups of baseball strikers, i.e. high and low swing speed groups, and to compare the kinematics of their upper limb motion. Sixteen skilled male strikers were videotaped with two synchronized high-speed video cameras operating at 200 Hz. One trial in which the maximum bat head speed was achieved was selected for each subject and digitized to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the segment end-points and the bat using a DLT technique. Subjects were divided into High (n=8) and Low (n=8) groups according to the bat head speed. The angles compared between the two groups were abduction-adduction, horizontal abduction-adduction, flexion-extension and internal-external rotation for both shoulders, flexion-extension for both elbows, supination-pronation for both forearms, radius-ulnar flexion, and dorsi-palmar flexion for both hands. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the point when the speed of the grip was over 3 m/s to the ball impact, and then averaged.1 Angles of elbow extension, forearm supination of the top arm, and ulnar flexion of both hands were much changed. However, the angles of both shoulder joints, bottom elbow and bottom forearm showed little change.2. The High group showed significantly larger shoulder adduction and horizontal adduction of a bottom arm than the Low group in 0–10% time and 50–70% time (p<0.05). The High group showed significantly smaller top elbow extension than the Low group in 40–70% time and 90–100% time (p<0.05).3. The High group showed significantly smaller top hand supination than the Low group in 100% time. In the time, the High group showed significantly larger bottom forearm pronation than the Low group in 50–70% time (p<0.05). The High group showed significantly larger dorsiflexion of the bottom hand than the Low group in 20–30% time (p<0.05).

著者

多々納 秀雄 小谷 寛二 菊 幸一

出版者

一般社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.1-13, 1988

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As a preliminary step of composing the concept of sport, the meaning and significance of sport as a social institution was discussed through reconsidering J.W. Loy's five papers on sport paradigm. After examining his papers following problems were pointed out. 1) As a criterion of classifying play, game and sport, the dichotomy of competition and physical prowess is too narrow while the institutionalized level is too wide. Since institutional pattern is recognized both in sports and games, it can not be a proper criterion of classifying them. It is not clear that how expressive and instrumental aspects, as well as play and work, of his paradigm are to be integrated and sublated. 2) Loy's definition of institution is still ambiguous. It is used in such various meanings as group, organization, social system, and situation. It should be specified as a norm system. 3) As his theory of sport as an institution excessively emphasizes the negative aspects of reified and alienated sport, his theory based on humanistic views is confined to presuppose pre-established harmony in sport which points up only positive and autonomous aspects. 4) The function of sports should be distinguished from that of sport as an institution, but he confuses them and restricts these functions too narrowly. It was concluded that sport should neither be contrasted with social realities nor be considered to be subsumed by a paramount reality. In order to analyze the simultaneity of the subjective and objective aspects of sports and the expressive and instrumental functions of sport it should conversely be understood that sport is one of the multiple realities and sport constructs a multiple reality in itself.

著者

野口 亜弥 小笠原 悦子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.349-366, 2020 (Released:2020-06-30)

参考文献数

67

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In 2014, after it was decided that Japan would host the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games, discussions about utilizing sports to tackle social issues, referred to as Sport for Development and Peace (SDP), have increased. Additionally, Japanese policies on women’s participation in business have been reinforced since 2012, when the Japanese cabinet office included it as a key aspect of the nation’s growth strategy. With these trends in Japan, Japan’s Second Basic Sport Plan, established in 2017, included the first strategy for development of women and sports in Japan. Therefore, discussions of how sports can contribute to women’s participation in society have increased. While some previous research has focused on either sports policy or sports and women in general, few studies have been conducted on women and sports in Japanese policy development. Therefore, the present paper examines how the global movement for women and sports and the Japanese national growth strategy can influence women’s position in sports and the perception of gender in sports policy. The data are analyzed historically in an attempt to derive a perception of future directions in Japanese sports policy. The “Development plus sport” and “Sport plus development” models, which categorize development and sport initiatives into 2 categories, were applied in this study as an analytical framework. To understand the global women and sports movement, documents related to the UN, UNESCO, UN Women, IOC and IWG were analyzed. Official documents related to women and sports published by the Japanese government and the government budget concerning women and sports are also examined. The results indicated that the most significant improvement in the relationship between women and sports occurred when both the development and sports sectors were simultaneously interested in using sports to improve gender equality. Many of the previous Japanese sports policies had targeted only women. However, from a “Sport plus development” perspective, it is suggested that a gender and development (GAD) approach needs to be considered in sports policy development. This could result in changes to gendered division of labor, social and organizational structure, and regulation. From the “Development plus sport” perspective, compared to other countries, Japan has not actively used sports to contribute to gender equality in society. SDP projects related to gender that have already been implemented in other countries could be applied to gender issues in Japan.

著者

角川 隆明 萬久 博敏 荻田 太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.385-400, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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Through pressure measurement and underwater motion capture analysis, the aim of this study was to clarify how propulsive forces, Froude efficiency, and stroke parameters change with swimming velocity during front-crawl swimming. Eight male swimmers performed 2 trials, once using pressure measurement and underwater motion capture analysis and once using a MAD system. In the analysis using pressure measurement and underwater motion capture, each swimmer performed 16-m front-crawl swimming 10 times at various velocities. During the trials, pressure forces acting on the hand and hand kinematics were analyzed to obtain the hand propulsive forces at each velocity. In the analysis using the MAD system, each swimmer performed 25-m front-crawl swimming 10 times at various velocities while pushing the pad set under the water, and the propulsive force at each velocity was obtained from the pushing force of the pad. This revealed that the mean propulsive force increased exponentially with the increase in mean swimming velocity, and the propulsive index n was 2.62 on average for the 8 participants. Maximal propulsive forces and maximal propulsive powers at maximum were significantly correlated with the results obtained using the MAD system. Froude efficiency varied considerably among the participants, being 0.54 ± 0.05 on average for all trials.

著者

若田部 舜 林 容市

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20070, (Released:2021-01-15)

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The purpose of this study was to compare the ability to control elbow joint angle in imposed external load condition and in no load condition, and to provide fundamental data for the ability to control elbow joint angle that imposed external load. Fourteen male college students (21 .4 ± 0 0.7 yr s) participated in the experiment experiment. The participantparticipants attempted to flex their elbow to a target angle with their eyes closed closed, with and without external load load. Under the external load condition condition, 6 levels of external load starting at 10 %1RM with 10 10% increments up to 60 60%1RM were applied applied. The target angles were 15º , 30º , 45º , 60º , and 90º . We calculated the difference between the target angle and actual joint angle angle. As a result, r egardless of the external load load, participant s we re able to control their elbow joint angl e at the stages of target angles angles. They were able to grade their elbow joint angle angle. In target 15º , the absolute error was bigger than in the target 30º . %iEMG of biceps and triceps were smaller as target angles became bigger bigger, and %iEMG were bigger as external loads became bigger bigger. It was suggested that external load could not influence on the ability to control elbow joint angle.

著者

加賀谷 淳子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.5, pp.429-442, 2001-09-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

4 5

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The recent development of non-invasive ultrasound for studying blood flow has contributed to knowledge about changes in blood flow to exercising muscle. Using this method, the vessel diameter of conduit arteries, such as the femoral artery and brachial artery, was measured. The diameter of the brachial artery tncreased as handgrip exercise was prolonged, though no changes in diameter were observed in the femoral artery during knee extension exercise. Blood flow to the muscle was impeded mechanically by muscle contraction due to the increased intramuscular pressure even at low intensity (10% MVC). A greater reduction of muscle blood flow was demonstrated during the concentric phase, and it recovered toward the baseline during the eccentric phase. The effect of geometrical changes in muscle fibers on muscle circulation remained to be studied. The Doppler ultrasound method with good time resolution allowed us to investigate the time course of blood flow changes during exercise. The results of previous studies indicated a faster adaptation of muscle blood flow at the onset of exercise, followed by a steady state or gradual increase toward the end of exercise, depending on the exercise intensity. Redistribution of blood flow between active muscles has been an issue of interest; several studies indicated blood flow reduction during combined exercise and others did not. Further studies should be conducted focusing on the combination of the exercise intensity of individual muscle recruited during exercise. Muscle blood flow plays a key role in determining muscle endurance capacity. However, it is still unknown how high muscle blood flow increases during exercise. Accumulation of knowledge about exercise-induced maximal blood flow is needed in relation to training, exercise mode, exercise intensity, exercise frequency and contraction/relaxation schedule during the duty cycle.

著者

西村 秀樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.4, pp.283-300, 1989-03-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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In ancient times of Japan, people created various ceremonies in order to operate the holy i.e. supernatural mystic power which brought them the feeling of awe, and play acted an important of the ceremony to manage the holy. By indicating the similarities between play and religion or how play element were located in holy world, Huizinaga tries to suggest that play takes its seat at the central part of holy world. In ancient times of Japan, Mana, or spirit was the holy power of governing the order of universal revolution which is absolutely beyond human control. One of the methods which operated holy power and attached it to things was the incantation of Tamafuri which means play. Universal order was believed to be renewed by attaching spirit to things. Everything in universe has circular rhythm of life and death just as plants repeat their growth and withering with the circulation of four seasons. Life means here cosmos the condition where universal order throbs, while death. means chaos where universal order has aged or stopped. Play successfully functioned to develop the rhythm of life-death-life, namely, cosmos-chaos-cosmos of the circulation of universe by operating spirit. Tamafuri renewed life and regenerated cosmos by expressing the rhythm of universal circulation, cosmos in a broad sense, symbolically. The rhythm of universal circulation settles in the sphere of unconsciousness of human beings as Archetypus, and the rhythm as Archetypus can be felt only through the symbol which appears from Archetypus by withdrawing psychological energy libido to the sphere of unconsciousness. The unconscious rhythm was felt by playing Tamafuri and the rhythm diffused and affected all things in universe. By playing Tamafuri, people in those days felt the attachment of Mana which was the projection of unconsciousness as well as rhythm, and considered that the renewal of life or the regeneration of cosmos was realized.

著者

綿井 永寿 山田 良樹 伊藤 孝 倉掛 重精 西山 常夫 藤江 正 小跨 武司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.5, 1969

著者

熊原 秀晃 西田 順一 坂井 洋子 金平 真由美 金平 桂一郎 進藤 宗洋 田中 宏暁

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.251-261, 2014 (Released:2014-06-13)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute exercise mimicking boxing on affect and mood states. In a randomized crossover design, 16 adults (35.8±6.6 yrs) underwent both a boxing exercise program based on shadow boxing (Boxing) as well as a boxing program combined with a focus mitts workout (pad work) (Boxing+Mitts). The Waseda Affect Scale of Exercise and Durable Activity (WASEDA) and the Profile of Mood States-Brief Form (POMS-Brief) were administered before and after both exercise programs. There were no gender differences in any psychological scales before and after the programs as well as in heart rate during exercise. The Boxing+Mitts program tended to show a lower exercise intensity, defined as the percentage of the average heat rate reserve (HRR), than the Boxing program (40.4±13.3 vs. 50.4±17.5%HRR, p<0.10). However, both programs were considered to give a moderate level of exercise intensity on average, which is regarded as the minimum intensity required to improve individual cardiorespiratory fitness. The Boxing program significantly improved all 3 scales of negative affect, positive engagement and tranquility assessed by the WASEDA. Moreover, the POMS-Brief showed an iceberg profile after the program, which was followed by significant decreases in the scores of tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility and confusion, and a significant increase in the vigor score. In addition, a composite score of total mood disturbance calculated by summing the subscale scores changed in a positive direction. The Boxing+Mitts program was shown to lead to similar changes in the WASEDA and POMS-Brief. However, no significant program×time interactions (by two-way ANOVA) were observed in any of the scales. These results indicate that acute boxing-style exercise programs would improve negative psychological variables and enhance both feelings of pleasant activation, as well as relaxation. A further study is warranted to explore whether any long-term (chronic) effects on mental health exist, and to compare these programs with other modes of exercise.

著者

平賀 孟 石崎 竜雄 西山 逸成 石田 昌久 古屋 敏雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.5, 1968

著者

松井 良明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.213-225, 2007-03-10 (Released:2007-06-21)

参考文献数

39

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This study gives a historical account, in order to urge a perspective of modernization of sports through a criminal law in Britain, the Highways Act of 1835. The British Parliament had recognized the illegality of street games, but through the process of drafting the Highways Act of 1835, there is an explication how the process had impacted modernization of sports. During the parliamentary session in 1831, an amendment was introduced for the first time to consolidate the Turnpike Act of 1822, s.121. The parliament would have utilized the Turnpike Act of 1822, s.121 to extend the law to not only the turnpike, but the highways as well. The Turnpike Act had banned ‘bull-baiting, bull-running, football, tennis, fives, cricket, or other games’ on the turnpikes by making a nuisance on the common law into a basis. The select committee of the House of Commons in 1833, however, required to remove ‘football, tennis, fives, cricket, or other games’ from the bill. After that, ‘football or other games’ were appended to the bill by the select committee of the House of Lords in 1835. The Parliament approved the legality of some sports activities on highways with the Highways Act of 1835, s.72. It has actually eradicated the original element of the bill that led to nuisance on highways, in order to keep a public right of smooth passage. However, the Act of 1835, s.72 was so limitative with the Houses of Commons and Lords that ‘tennis, fives, and cricket’ had been deleted from the content. On the analysis of the Parliament journals, it is obvious that the regulations of street games had been changed a few times in the Parliamentary sessions from 1831 to 1835. The political judgment determined some prohibited street games by the statute. Especially, the requirement by the select committee of the House of Commons supposed to expel all of ball games from the bill, though the select committee of the House of Lords appended ‘football, or other games.’ As the result, the Highways Act of 1835, s.72 left the door open, to modernize ‘tennis, fives, and cricket’ on the British highways.

著者

北浜 章 江尻 容 梅田 利兵衛 大石 三四郎 宇土 正彦 小林 和夫 北浜 陽子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, 1961

著者

高嶋 香苗 渡辺 輝也 周東 和好

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.49-70, 2017 (Released:2017-06-22)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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Most junior and senior high school students dislike long-distance race in physical education classes, even though many adults enjoy running marathons or spectating at middle- or long-distance races at track and field meetings. The purpose of this study was to develop a new approach to teaching long-distance races in physical education classes, enabling students to enjoy learning tactics for long-distance races in track and field athletics. Tactics for long-distance races were first characterized by analyzing the pace of the women's world record 1,500 m race (3′50″07) and the winning race in the 2015 world championship (4′08″09), won by Genzebe Dibaba, the women's 1,500 m world record holder. This analysis showed that the tactics of a long distance race can be classified into two types: 1) to maintain a pace for improving upon one's record (“tactics for record”) and 2) to compete making use of a slow start, pace changing, and a final sprint to win without any thought of records (“tactics for winning”). Secondly, previous reports on physical education practices for long-distance races were collected and analyzed. This analysis suggested that most practices focused on learning “tactics for record,” which would inevitably exhaust learners, and that the positive learning outcomes of these classes might not make up for the negative experience of “exhaustion,” and thus most learners took an instinctive dislike to long-distance races in physical education classes. Thirdly, a new loop course was created, which included a number of “non-passing zones.” This race condition was designed in order for learners to enjoy learning the “tactics for winning.” A learning experiment, for which 20 university students volunteered, was then conducted to test the efficiency of the race condition created. Video analysis of racing by the subjects and a questionnaire investigation showed that most subjects enjoyed learning the “tactics for winning” and competing with other subjects under the race conditions created. From these results, it is concluded that physical education classes for long-distance races enable students to enjoy long-distance races by focusing on “tactics for winning” using the race conditions created.

著者

田井 健太郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, pp.R2_1-R2_7, 2015

被引用文献数

1

著者

松尾 信之介 藤井 宏明 苅山 靖 大山 卞 圭悟

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.287-295, 2011 (Released:2011-12-28)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4

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Changes in the activity of hip adductor muscles with increased running speed were investigated in 4 male sprinters (personal best for 100 m: 10.58±0.26 s). The subjects were instructed to run at three different speeds (3-4 m/s, 6-8 m/s and 9- m/s). The surface electromyograms (EMGs) of 10 muscles around the hip joint were recorded, and whole-body motions were also filmed with a high-speed video camera (150 fps). Regardless of running velocity, the adductor longus (AL) showed activity concomitant with the rectus femoris when the hip joint was in extension. This suggested that the AL functioned as a hip flexor. On the other hand, the adductor magnus (AM) showed activity when the hip joint was flexed, suggesting that the AM assisted hip extensors such as the gluteus maximus. During high-speed sprinting, the AL was also activated when the hip joint was flexed. Similarly, the AM also showed activity when the hip joint was extended, corresponding to the latter half of the support phase. During the support phase, the AM may serve to stabilize the frontal plane by co-contracting with hip abductors such as the gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae. Furthermore, the AL and AM showed increased activity while the hip was fully flexed and extended. This remarkable muscle activity around the flexion-extension reversal point during high-speed sprinting may stabilize the hip joint so that it resists dislocative force through the unique anatomical features of the hip adductor muscles, i.e. “shunt-” rather than “spurt-type” architectural characteristics.

著者

吉原 瑛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.393-404, 2007 (Released:2007-10-25)

参考文献数

9

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This paper explores the philosophy of Ekiken Kaibara (1630-1714) pertaining to medical science and health care for the people. Kaibara was a confucianist and a herb doctor practicing in the mid Edo period, and gained fame for his excellent Yojo-Kun. His writings are extensive, and show that health care services for the people were flourishing at the time, although he considered that social pursuits were not sufficiently balanced among the three dimensions -physical, mental, and social -which he thought were essential for a healthy life.When European medicine began to be introduced to Japan, all textbooks were written in Dutch. Although C.W. Hufeland's health book was first brought to Japan in 1824, a translation was not initially published. Hufeland was the foremost German scholar in Europe in the early part of the nineteenth century, and his book was translated into Japanese by teachers of Dutch learning at Bansho-shirabesho (the Tokugawa Shogunate's Western Learning Institute). The translators not only translated this book, but also made great efforts to explain the meaning of the words.

著者

大久保 英哲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.331-342, 2013 (Released:2013-06-08)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

2

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It is said that the history of Association Football in Japan, especially student soccer, began when an Englishman named DeHavilland moved from the Fourth High School in Kanazawa to the Tokyo Higher Normal School in September 1904, where he started coaching soccer. It has been recorded in the history of the Tokyo Higher Normal School soccer club that “some students of the University in Tokyo who said they had been taught football in Kanazawa came to Otsuka with their teacher, and we played a practice match together in December, 1904”.This article suggests that DeHavilland had also taught soccer in Kanazawa. However, in the history of the Fourth High School soccer club, it is stated that “soccer began in Kanazawa in 1924”, and does not mention DeHavilland. On the basis of this evidence, the history of soccer in Japan states that “this may have not been the case, because of the short stay of DeHavilland and lack of any proof that soccer was played in Kanazawa”.Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to obtain documentary evidence of DeHavilland and to clarify whether he did, in fact, play soccer in Kanazawa during 1898-1904, based on new documents from the Fourth High School and articles in the school union magazine at that time.The findings obtained were as follows: 1.  DeHavilland urged students to play football after he started working at the Fourth High School in 1898. His words at the kick-off, which marked the start of student soccer in Japan, were: “It is no matter, hailing, snowing, raining. Come and play!” 2.  It is stated in Hokushinkai magazine that DeHavilland was involved in establishing a football club in 1898. Mention of the football club appeared in the Fourth High School Union rulebook in 1899, and the name DeHavilland appeared in the list of board members of the football club in 1901. 3.  On April 18th, 1901, football was played for 30 minutes at the Fourth High School as one of the sports at the sports festival. 4.  On October 5th, 1902, at the ceremony to mark the opening of the “football club” at Ishikawa prefectural Second Junior High School, DeHavilland and Wohlfarth both played goalkeeper.This evidence of the involvement of DeHavilland and Wohlfarth in soccer at the Fourth High School and in Kanazawa should be regarded as one of the hidden roots of student soccer in Japan.

著者

小木曽 航平 田邊 元

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20014, (Released:2020-10-06)

著者

村田 宗紀 藤井 範久 鈴木 雄太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.177-195, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

4 1

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Mechanical energy is known to be transferred between a body segment and a joint. However, the transformation of this energy has not been classified. By focusing on the racquet-holding arm during a tennis serve, the present study examined the transformation between translational and rotational energies due to the joint force, and investigated the kinetic chain from the viewpoint of energetics. Twenty-two tennis players were asked to perform flat services to the deuce side (i.e., the receiver's right side), and the three-dimensional coordinates of reflective markers attached to each player and racquet were collected with a motion capture system. The mechanical power acting on each segment and the mechanical energy generated/absorbed by each joint were divided into the following components: (1) STP=the time rate of change in the rotational energy of a segment due to the joint torque, (2) JTP=the generation/absorption of rotational energy due to the joint torque, (3) JFPt=the time rate of change in the translational energy of a segment due to the joint force, and (4) JFPr=the time rate of change in the rotational energy of a segment due to the moment of the joint force. The findings are summarized below. 1.  The proposed method can divide the power acting on the segment due to joint force into the translational component (JFPt) and the rotational component (JFPr). 2.  The racquet-holding arm mainly acquires mechanical energy as translational energy with decreasing rotational energy of the upper trunk (around right-leftward rotation). 3.  The main role of the shoulder joint is not to generate rotational energy but to change the energy form (from translational energy to rotational energy). 4.  The main role of the phase before most of the shoulder external rotation is to store the translational energy in the racquet-holding arm. 5.  The main role of the phase after most of the shoulder external rotation is to transfer the translational and rotational energies to the racquet. 6.  The proposed method can quantify not only the generation/absorption and transmission of mechanical energy but also the transformation of the energy form. Therefore, this method may produce new findings that have not yet been clarified.