著者

肖 雨知 外山 美樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18222, (Released:2020-01-20)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

7

---

The objective of the present study was to develop a Japanese version of the Interpersonal Behaviours Questionnaire (IBQ-J) and evaluate its validity. The IBQ is a scale for assessing the perceptions of interpersonal behaviours of others and is based on Self-Determination Theory within the context of need-supportive and needthwarting behaviours. In Study 1, participants reported the interpersonal behaviours of people in their lives. In Study 2, participants reported the interpersonal behaviours of specified significant people (namely, parents and intimate friends). The results of the two studies were largely consistent with the previous Self-Determination Theory studies. We concluded that the IBQ-J is a valid scale for investigating the perceptions of need-supportive, and need-thwarting behaviours of others.

著者

小林 孝寛 藤井 正史 奥野 拓弘 藤原 修治 鈴木 直人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19019, (Released:2020-03-10)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

---

This study examined the effects of concealment on physiological and psychological responses during the Concealed Information Test (CIT). Sixty police officers who volunteered for the study were randomly assigned to either the one non-concealing group (truthful response group) or two concealing groups (“Yes”-only or “No”-only response groups). They underwent the CIT and completed questionnaires about affect and anxiety. Although no significant differences were observed in tonic physiological responses, affect, and anxiety between the non-concealing and concealing groups, the concealing groups had significant differences between critical and noncritical items in skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate, normalized pulse volume, and respiratory speed. In the non-concealing group, only differences in SCR were observed. These results suggested that concealment during the CIT affects phasic physiological responses to stimuli independently of the effect on tonic physiological responses, affect, and anxiety.

著者

沼田 真美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.4, pp.360-367, 2019 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2

---

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of overt and covert narcissism, isolated from self-esteem, on forgiveness, as mediated by cumulative humiliation. To test the validity of the model used in this study, structural equation modeling was performed on data collected from 388 undergraduate students. The results indicated that both overt and covert narcissism had direct, positive effects on revenge, and only covert narcissism, mediated by cumulative humiliation, had positive effects on revenge and avoidance and negative effects on benevolence. These findings suggest that overt and covert narcissism moderate revenge in order to recover self-evaluation. The results also suggest that covert narcissism had more negative effects on forgiveness.

著者

松室 美紀 三輪 和久 寺井 仁 山田 賢人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.3, pp.229-239, 2016 (Released:2016-08-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

---

According to dual process theory, there are two systems in the mind: an intuitive and automatic System 1 and a logical and effortful System 2. While many previous studies about number estimation have focused on simple heuristics and automatic processes, the deliberative System 2 process has not been sufficiently studied. This study focused on the System 2 process for large number estimation. First, we described an estimation process based on participants’ verbal reports. The task, corresponding to the problem-solving process, consisted of creating subgoals, retrieving values, and applying operations. Second, we investigated the influence of such deliberative process by System 2 on intuitive estimation by System 1, using anchoring effects. The results of the experiment showed that the System 2 process could mitigate anchoring effects.

著者

小林 大介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.18240, (Released:2020-01-20)

参考文献数

30

---

The purpose of this research was to develop a Japanese version of the Unwanted Pursuit Behavior Inventory-Revised for Victimization (UPBI-R-V-J), which is a measure of unwanted pursuit behavior, and examine the reliability and validity of the UPBI-R-V-J. Unwanted pursuit behavior is defined as unwanted actions by former relationship partners, including stalking. The questionnaire survey was given to 133 university students, junior college students, and vocational college students (24 males and 109 females). The results revealed that the UPBIR-V-J consisted of instances of mild damage and severe damage, and it had adequate reliability coefficients (α = .83 and .74, respectively). Furthermore, each subscale was positively correlated with attachment anxiety associated with the former partner and was also positively correlated with the violence from former intimate partners that occurred during the romantic relationship; thus, the criterion-related validity of the UPBI-R-V-J was confirmed. Therefore, the UPBI-R-V-J was deemed to be reliable and valid. Finally limitations of the research and future directions are discussed.

著者

市村 賢士郎 楠見 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.1-10, 2019 (Released:2019-04-25)

参考文献数

39

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of and remedies for a earner’s low task persistence. In Experiment 1, 48 participants were assigned to two groups (24 each) and the number of times participants gave up was manipulated by presenting unsolvable anagrams (experimental and control groups). The results revealed that task persistence and task-specific self-efficacy decreased in the experimental group for which the frequency of giving up was increased. In Experiment 2, 72 participants were assigned to three groups and the timing of an intervention with instructions for solution strategies was manipulated (pre-task intervention, mid-intervention, and control groups). The results revealed that in the mid-intervention group, the intervention prevented participants from decreasing their task persistence and task-specific self-efficacy indicated in Experiment 1. These results suggest that voluntary giving up of learners is a cause of their low task persistence, and the timing of intervention to improve learners’ self-efficacy is important.

著者

後藤 崇志 川口 秀樹 野々宮 英二 市村 賢士郎 楠見 孝 子安 増生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.2, pp.197-202, 2017 (Released:2017-06-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

7 5

---

We investigated the reciprocal influences between autonomous motivation and the use of motivational regulation strategies. We analyzed the data of longitudinal surveys of junior high school and high school students (N = 745) at three time points. First, we conducted a principal component analysis to identify the quantitative (frequency of use) and qualitative components (extrinsic component) of the motivational regulation strategies. Next, we employed a cross-lagged model to analyze the causal relationships between the autonomous motivation and the two components of the motivational regulation strategies. The results revealed that autonomous motivation negatively predicted the subsequent extrinsic component of the motivational regulation strategies. In addition, the extrinsic component of the motivational regulation strategies negatively predicted subsequent autonomous motivation. These findings suggest that there will be some procyclical dynamics between academic motivation and the use of motivational regulation strategies.

著者

神 信人 田中 寿夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.2, pp.123-130, 2009 (Released:2012-03-06)

参考文献数

19

---

When does a person who has been trusted reciprocate that trust? Kiyonari, Yamagishi, Cook, and Cheshire (2006) compared behavior in trust games and faith games and showed that in one-shot games, players who were trusted did not reciprocate that trust. In an experiment using trust games and dictator games, we examined what type of trust would elicit reciprocation of that trust by the trustee. In the experiment, information about the reason to trust the truster was manipulated to separate trust types into “trust attributable to the trustee” and “trust attributable to the truster.” We determined how much reciprocation was elicited by each of these types of trust. The results showed that trustees are more likely to reciprocate trust for “trust attributable to the trustee” than for “trust attributable to the truster.”

著者

植村 友里 松本 良恵 神 信人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.111-120, 2014 (Released:2014-06-25)

参考文献数

26

---

Why do people behave altruistically toward others, even in situations where nobody would observe their behavior? We formulated the following hypothesis regarding this question: “Reputations are decided by behaviors in situations that nobody can observe, rather than by behaviors in situations that can be observed by others.” The validity of this hypothesis was examined through a Prisoner’s Dilemma experiment. In the first stage, participants played the Prisoner’s Dilemma game in a situation where nobody could observe them. In the second stage, participants selected another partner in the game, based on information about their behavior in the first stage. The results indicated that participants tended to choose people that behaved altruistically in situations where nobody could observe them. Furthermore, this tendency was stronger with cooperative participants. These results support the hypothesis of this study.

著者

中村 太戯留

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.1-8, 2009 (Released:2012-02-14)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3 2

---

This study investigates the mechanism for determining “interestingness” in comprehending metaphorical expressions. In a pilot study, metaphorical expressions were collected from 56 participants. In Study 1, 17 participants were asked to classify these expressions into groups, which were categorized with respect to eight features (e.g., “not understandable”, “mundane”, and “strongly interesting”). In Study 2, 50 participants were asked to judge whether an expression was interesting or not, and the reaction time for their judgment was measured. The results showed that it took longer to judge interesting expressions than to judge non-interesting expressions. The difference in reaction times was interpreted as representing the cognitive process of discerning the meaning of an expression so that it was accessible and comprehensible. In other words, “interestingness” results from successfully resolving the meaning of an expression which was not immediately understandable, which involves some cognitive cost and reduces the stress of not understanding.

著者

田崎 敏昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.165-168, 1982-08-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between power status and power resources in classroom. Two kinds of tests were given to 549 subjects chosen from 15 classes of four elementary schools. One was the near-sociometric test, the aim of which was to measure power status in the classroom. The other was to examine power resources possessed by pupils who were selected on the sociometric test. The main results were: a) Subjects attributed “affiliation” and “cheerfulness” to the power holders in the classroom and b) subjects attributed “leadership, ” “superiority” and “achievement” to chilidren of higher power status in addition to “affiliation” and “cheerfulness.”

著者

西村 多久磨 古村 健太郎 鈴木 雅之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.500-506, 2018 (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

This study focuses on perceived functions of studying for the high school entrance examination and investigates the effect of these functions on individual differences in academic performance and depressive mood. In the prestudy, 325 potential items concerning the functions were obtained from 93 students (35 boys, 58 girls) in the 9th grade during the high school examination period. In the primary study, 311 students (163 boys, 148 girls) in the 9th grade participated in the questionnaire survey. The result of factor analysis revealed five potential functions: improving academic behaviors, enhancing a sense of competitiveness, analyzing one’s level of understanding, considering a career goal, and enhancing a sense of time constraint. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that the function of the analyzing one’s level of understanding and enhancing a sense of competitiveness were positively correlated, and the considering a career goal was negatively correlated with academic performance. The results also showed that the enhancing a sense of time constraint was positively correlated and the improving academic behaviors were negatively correlated with depressive mood.

著者

梅本 貴豊 伊藤 崇達 田中 健史朗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.4, pp.334-342, 2016 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

14 17

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This study examined relationships among regulation strategies, emotional and behavioral engagement, and academic achievement. Regulation strategies included metacognitive and motivational regulation strategies. Motivational regulation strategies have three subtypes: autonomous regulation strategies, cooperative strategies, and performance strategies. A self-reported survey was administered to 199 undergraduates from four universities, and an examination was conducted three months after the survey. Path analysis showed that use of metacognitive strategies was positively correlated with test scores, mainly through behavioral engagement. Moreover, use of autonomous regulation strategies was positively correlated with emotional engagement. Emotional engagement was positively correlated with test scores via behavioral engagement. On the other hand, use of performance strategies was negatively correlated with emotional engagement. Use of cooperative strategies was not correlated with engagement. These results indicate that each regulation strategy has a different function in learning, and that engagement mediates the relationships between various regulation strategies and academic achievement.

著者

村中 昌紀 山川 樹 坂本 真士

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15211, (Released:2017-01-14)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

4 9

---

We developed the Interpersonal Sensitivity/Privileged Self Scale (IPS) to measure personality traits related to “modern-type depression,” and assessed its validity and reliability through three surveys completed by 804 undergraduates. Factors for validity were examined by confirmatory factor analysis. As predicted, the scale comprised two superordinate factors: interpersonal sensitivity (IS) and privileged self (PS). Criterion-related validity for the IPS scale was assessed by examining its relationship with depressive symptoms and typus melancholicus, and by comparing subscale scores regarding depression types (i.e., melancholic, atypical). All subscale scores were positively correlated with depressive symptoms. Correlations between typus melancholicus and subscales showed that the interpersonal sensitivity subscale was positively correlated with typus melancholicus, while the privileged self subscale was not correlated. An analysis of variance revealed that the “self-righteousness” score was significantly higher for the atypical depression group compared to the melancholic depression group. The test-retest correlation indicated good test-retest reliability for all subscales. Overall, the findings indicated that the IPS has high validity and reliability.

著者

神 信人 山岸 俊男 清成 透子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.77-85, 1996-06-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

14 18

---

Two experiments examined the effect of illusion of control on ingroup favoritism found in the minimal group situation (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971). In bilateral dependency condition, each member made allocation decisions for ingroup as well as outgroup participants. It was exactly the same situation used in the original studies under the minimal group paradigm, and the subjects knew that their reward allocation too depended on others' decisions. In contrast, in unilateral dependency condition, the subjects made allocation decisions knowing that theirs were not dependent on others' decisions. In Experiment 1, an ingroup bias in reward distribution was found in the bilateral dependency condition, but not in the unilateral condition. In Experiment 2, it was found that only those who felt illusion of control exhibited such an ingroup bias. Results of the experiments therefore confirmed that illusion of control explained ingroup favoritism, as Karp, Jin, Yamagishi, and Shinotsuka (1993) originally hypothesized.

著者

小川 時洋 松田 いづみ 常岡 充子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18315, (Released:2019-07-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

---

Few studies have examined serial physiological variations during the concealed information test (CIT). This study analyzed both pre- and post-stimulus physiological measures from a CIT experiment under knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions. The physiological measures assessed in both the pre- and post- stimulus phases included skin conductance level (SCL), normalized pulse volume (NPV), and heart rate (HR). Moreover, skin conductance response (SCR) was assessed in the post-stimulus phase. The results showed that the post-stimulus SCL and SCR and post-stimulus NPV in the knowledgeable condition differed not only between the relevant and irrelevant CIT items but also between the irrelevant items that were presented before and after the relevant items. In both knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions, physiological activities and reactivity were higher at early positions than at late ones. However, in the knowledgeable conditions, serial positions of the relevant items modulated this tendency, such that physiological activities were maintained until the relevant item was presented and then declined afterwards. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

著者

榎本 博明 清水 弘司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.114-117, 1992-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 1

---

This study examined the relationship between self-disclosure and loneliness. The self-disclosure questionnaire (ESDQ) and the loneliness scale (LSO, consists of two subscales, U-scale and E-scale) were administered to 114 female subjects (junior college students). Results show that self-disclosure scores were negatively related to the U-scale of loneliness (whether or not they believe in mutual sympathy among human beings), but not to the E-scale of loneliness (whether or not they are conscious of individuality of each individual). The results suggest that we have to specify the quality of loneliness in question, when we examine the relationship between self-disclosure and loneliness.

著者

工藤 孝幾

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.103-111, 1994-06-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

Shea and Kohl (1990) reported that acquisition practice with variations of the criterion task leads to better retention than practice on the criterion task alone. The purpose of this study was to determine the locus of this retention benefits. Experimental task was the speed reproduction task. Eighty undergraduate male students were randomly assigned to eight practice conditions differing in the activities performed during the intertrial intervals. All subjects were administered retention test immediately and twenty-four hours after the practice. Results indicated that the retention benefits demonstrated by subjects provided variable practice was produced by the contextual interference effect not by the formation of motor response schema. Results also suggested that both of reconstruction of action plan and elaborative processing resulted in the retention benefits.

著者

久保 尊洋 沢宮 容子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17205, (Released:2018-09-20)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3

---

Passion is defined as a strong inclination toward an activity that one likes, that one finds important, and in which one invests time and energy. These activities are eventually internalized as part of one’s identity. The Dualistic Model of Passion posits the existence of two types of passion - harmonious and obsessive passion (Vallerand et al., 2003; Vallerand, 2015). These two types of passion have been assessed through the Passion Scale (Marsh et al., 2013). The purpose of the present study was to develop a Japanese version of the Passion Scale and to evaluate its reliability and validity. In Study 1, Japanese university students completed a questionnaire that examined the relationship between the Passion Scale and measures of flow, concentration, anxiety, shame, depression, wellbeing and positive and negative affect. In Study 2, we examined the test-retest reliability. The results provided support for the two-factor structure of the Japanese Passion Scale and showed high reliability and validity. Overall, this evidence supports the practical applicability of the Japanese Passion Scale.

著者

荒井 崇史 菱木 智愛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18014, (Released:2019-06-20)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

Despite having positive attitudes about crime prevention behaviors, many people do not engage in actions to prevent crime. In this study, therefore, we tried to explain the gap between attitudes and behaviors from the perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). In Study 1, female undergraduate and graduate students (N = 302) answered a questionnaire containing TPB variables (attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy, and perceived control). In Study 2, a web-based survey constructed from TPB variables was conducted with mothers (N = 725) that had children aged 7–12 years. Results of the structural equation modeling indicated that the fitness of model to the data was good in both studies. In Study 1, subjective norm and self-efficacy facilitated behavioral intention, which in turn led to personal crime prevention behavior. In Study 2, attitude, subjective norm, self-efficacy, and perceived control facilitated behavioral intention, which resulted in cooperative crime prevention. These findings suggest that in order to encourage crime prevention behavior, we should take into account not only attitudes but also subjective norms and self-efficacy.