著者

川口 進一 名徳 倫明 下村 一徳 乾 とし子 陶山 忠士 土師 久幸

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.565-570, 2001-12-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 3

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To facilitate mutual understanding between doctors and nurses, prevent errors, and assure quality control in the mixing intravenous drip solutions at Ikeda Municipal Hospital, the Department of Pharmacy manages changes in the mixing of solutions and provides appropriate information for drug use. We mix solutions for intravenous injection under uniform standards and also set up a satellite pharmacy to perform these functions in April 2000. This satellite pharmacy accepts prescriptions for manual intravenous injections and manages two laminar air follow cabinets and a laminar flow biological safety cabinet. A ward trial was started in April, another ward was added in June and all wards were included in October 2000. We mix solutions for intravenous injection from Monday till Friday, based on prescriptions received the previous day, from four divisions. The hours of operation are from 10 : 00 Am to 8 : 00 Pm excluding weekends and holidays. The preparation of anticancer and narcotic drugs is not performed by the satellite pharmacy. We mixed 60 to 70 bottles of intravenous injections per day, over a six-month period. Of the intravenous injections mixed, about 70 percent were mixed by the Department of Pharmacy. 95.3 percent were used, 1.8 percent diverted, 2.9 percent were not used.

著者

福岡 恵理子 鎌田 志乃ぶ 中島 克佳 折井 孝男 中村 均 佐藤 均 伊賀 立二

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.523-530, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 1

---

In the University of Tokyo Hospital, the reentry of data, the re-output of documents, the transfer of data by hand writing, etc. has to be routinely carried out in each department, because there is no compatibility in the related work between the systems and generated information.In this study, we developed a medication management system to share drug-requesting information generated inside the hospital with medical wholesalers who introduced the Value Added Network (VAN) -ordering system, and evaluated the usefulness of this system by sending questionnaires to those who are working in the wholesale, clinical wards, and office work sections.The developed medication management system unified a series of information on the request-to-order processing of medicine between the hospital and wholesalers, the warehousing processing in the pharmacy department, the supply processing for the clinical wards, and the expenditure processing of purchased medical supplies. In addition, the system was designed to work with the LAN of our hospital information system under the environment of Windows NT®.In the investigation on the introduction situation of the computer for the drug wholesalers, 14 out of 16 companies (88%) introduced a computerized system to receive orders. Moreover, 12 out of 14 companies (86%) replied with “it is useful” regarding the usefulness of the system. On the other hand, in clinical wards, 41 out of 55 (75%) replied with “the requesting process has become more convenient by using this system”. In office sections, the time needed to process orders was drastically shortened from approximately 20 to 5 minutes on average.By utilizing this newly developed medication management system, it became possible to share the drug-requesting information originally generated in the clinical wards with the pharmacy department and office work section in the hospital and the medical wholesalers ; therefore, we find this system to be a useful supporting system for the proper management not only for hospitals but for medical wholesalers as well.

著者

中村 均 藤沼 由江 松元 美香 大谷 道輝 小瀧 一 内野 克喜 伊賀 立二

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.491-494, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 1

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In the present study, we investigated the effect of inter-individual variation and dispensing experience as a factor of variation when mixing digoxin powders.Sixteen of the post-graduate trainees (non-experienced group) who entered the Department of Pharmacy, University of Tokyo Hospital in April 1996, and had no dispensing experience with powders, and six pharmacists (experienced group), who had individually amassed 3 to 5-years of dispensing experience, participated in our study.The mean CV values (n=3) of the digoxin contents in the experienced group were 2.7% on the first experiment, 2.7% on the second and 2.5% on the third. Eight of the non-experienced group members produced a CV of less than 6.08% in all experiments. However, the CV values generated by the other eight members of the non-experienced group exceeded the standards of good mixing, and in addition, wide variations were observed. The eight above described trainees had received 3 weeks of training, and, when the mixing experiments were performed again, the registered CV values were less than 6.08% in all experiments.These results showed that, even in the case of digoxin powders requiring a high degree of mixing, good mixing was obtained under our proposed mixing conditions in half of the trainees with no dispensing experience, and in addition, good mixing was generally obtained after all had received 3 weeks of training.

著者

末松 文博 湯川 栄二 峯本 正夫 湯川 美穂 大戸 茂弘 樋口 駿 後藤 良宣

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.426-431, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The steady-state concentrations of digoxin at trough levels were studied to establish the role of infant characteristics in estimating the doses for digoxin based on routine therapeutic drug monitoring data. The data (n = 340) which showed a steady-state after repetitive oral administration in 147 hospitalized infants were analyzed using NONMEM, a computer program designed to analyze the pharmacokinetics in study populations by allowing for the pooling of data. An analysis of the pharmacokinetics of digoxin was accomplished using a simple steady-state pharmacokinetic model. The effects of a variety of developmental and demographic factors on the clearance of digoxin were investigated. Estimates generated using NONMEM indicated that the clearance of digoxin (L/hr/kg) was influenced by the demographic variables of age, the daily dose, serum creatinine, the presence or absence of congestive heart failure, and the coadministration of spironolactone in infants. The interindividual variability in the clearance of digoxin was modeled using proportional errors with an estimated coefficient of variation of 30.2%, while the residual variability was 28.2%.

著者

倉田 なおみ 小松 千絵 平藤 彰 森 義明

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.461-472, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

16 21

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Drugs prepared by pharmacist may sometimes clog the nasogastric tubes, gastrostomy tubes or jejunostomy tubes during drug administration. As a result, such drugs were examined regarding their possibility of clogging. Consequently, 11% of the capsulated drugs (89 drugs) could not be used with tubes due to the fact that they did not come in a dispenser that can be used with tubes. In addition, 15% of the drugs clogged the thin tubes (8Fr.). 7% of the fine granules and granules (94 drugs) could not be used with tubes, 10% of them clogged the thin tubes.On the other hand, in order to decrease the amount of loss due to crushing the tablets, as well as to prevent health hazards, the tablets were dispersed in water. Experiments were performed to obtain data on the disintegration of the tablets in the water. As a result, 74% of 514 tablets were found to be appropriate for administration using this method, and this rate was higher than for crushable tablets (53%).The results were complied and the list of the drugs that could be successfully administered by feeding tubes was made. Accordingly, the problems in crushing were solved and tube clogging could thus be successfully prevented thus resulting in an improved QOL for the patients.

著者

臼田 章則 巽 恒治 岡本 能弘 西田 幹夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.480-490, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 1

---

A surveillance by questionnaire was conducted among pharmacists in a community pharmacy in Nagoya City, regarding their home health-care activity. The surveillance consisted of 115 regular pharmacists, of 104 pharmacy-stations, and 409 patients at home. The items in the questionnaire were divided into the following three major parts :1. To examine the current home-care activities by pharmacists, the length of stay, the contents of patient treatment and the conversation-time between a patient and a pharmacist were queried. The average stay of most pharmacists ranged from 10-19 minutes per visit. During this period, the ratio of pharmaceutical treatment and nurse-type care was approximately 50% for each. The conversation took place longer with home-helpers and patient than with patients alone.2. To examine the grade of pharmaceutical activity at home, to identify the person in charge of controlling medicines, evaluate compliance for medication, the extent of knowledge on medicines, and the amount of remaining medicines were queried. In many cases, helpers controlled medicines, rather than the patients themselves. The names and indications were poorly memorized, but the dosages were well understood by patients. The amounts of remaining medicines tended to be longer at the homes of patients living alone than for those with helpers.3. The causes of complaints from patients and the comments and/or appeals from patients and either their families or visiting care-providers were queried to determine what pharmacists can do to improve the situation. A substantial number of questions were related to pharmaceutical affairs such as the indications, adverse effects and drug interactions, followed by queries on diseases. In addition, numerous complaints about the difficulties of working as a home helper and problems in the human relations between patients and helpers were also expressed.The information thus obtained revealed that the home-care activities conducted by a pharmacist are still not satisfactory regarding the welfare of home-care patients, thus indicating that there is large room for improvements in the pharmaceutical home-care functions of pharmacists. The evidence obtained in the present investigation can hopefully provide a clue for pharmacists and patients to consider the present status of mutual home-care activities in order to improve the pharmacist' s role in home-care.

著者

谷口 美保子 漁和 佳子 八木 敬子 平井 みどり

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.473-479, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

8

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Japan has many pharmacists who are professionally active in the clinical field, pharmaceutical companies, scientific research and government agencies. The public however, knows little about their work. To remedy this situation pharmacists need to publicize their activities, especially to those outside the world of medicine. Although pharmacists need to be able to gather and disseminate information on pharmaceuticals, there are few courses offering skills in communication or presentation at the institutes where they are educated. Particularly among young people, better information on drugs and health is essential in order to prevent adverse effects of drugs and drugs abuse, which might also lead to an overall savings in healthcare costs.We designed a drug information program for high-school students in which a pharmacy student gave lectures on drug usage, food and health, smoking, drug abuse, menstruation and the low-dose birth control pill. The high-school students, many of whom were found to have deficient knowledge of drug use and health care, wanted more accurate information about drugs and health and were very enthusiastic about the lectures. At the same time it was an educational experience for the pharmacy student to give lectures on healthcare to school-age students. It is hoped that this program will contribute to a more positive public perception of the profession of pharmacists.

著者

大石 雅子 勝浦 正人 片岡 和三郎 黒川 信夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.452-460, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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The prevention of endotoxin (ETX) contamination is important for manufacturing injections. As a result, the concentration of ETX in injections has been recently regulated in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. In this study, ETX in 8 injections prepared at a hospital pharmacy were measured and the removal of ETX by filtration using a charged membrane filter (CMF) made of Nylon 66 (Zetapor®, CUNO) was evaluated. ETX was automatically measured with a Limulus test employing a turbidmetric kinetic assay (Toxinometer®, WAKO). ETX in H2SeO3 and MnCl2 injections were measured without dilution but others need to be diluted to eliminate any interference with the reaction. In particular, the ZnSO4 injection was diluted 2000 times. In the preparations, only 1 % indigocarmin injection showed 0.311 EU/mL of ETX.In a preliminary evaluation, CMF removed ETX completely in the non-electrolytic solutions such as glucose. However, in electrolytic solutions like NaCl, the filtration efficiency of CMF was suggested to decrease by some factors such as the concentration of electrolytes, the pH of the solution and the origin of ETX. In 0.9% NaCl solution to which the control standard ETX was added, the recovery rate of ETX using CMF was 0.3-2%. In 10% NaCl solution, the recovery rate was 37-47% under the same conditions, but it became 75-79% when another origin of ETX was added. In the actual process of preparations, ETX was found in 1 % indigocarmin injection, but it was not found in them when CMF was used. ETX was not removed by a usual filter membrane without any charging and not inactivated completely by steam sterilization. Therefore, filtration using CMF was found to effectively remove ETX together with steam sterilization.Filtration using CMF is thus considered to be a simple and effective method for maintaining a good quality of injections prepared at hospital pharmacies.

著者

並木 徳之 湯浅 宏 石倉 豊昭 永田 文子 鐘ヶ江 穣

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.419-425, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

31

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The gummi base, investigated demonstrates a color change (browning) during long periods of storage, which is considered to be caused by the Maillard reaction between sugars and gelatin. This change poses a problem in guaranteeing the quality of pharmaceutical medicines in hospital. Therefore, the starch syrup and sugar, components which caused the browning reaction in the gummi base, were replaced by hydrogenated maltose starch syrup which has no aldehyde as a functional group in the structure. The new gummi base using hydrogenated maltose starch syrup displayed fewer color changes than the gummi base so far at 35°C for 2 months. These results suggest that replacing the sugar in the gummi base by sugar alcohol increases the stabilization in the appearance of the gummi base during long periods of storage while still maintaining suitable sweetness and texture.

著者

山本 武史 山本 和宜 木村 福男 吉田 哲也 山崎 富士子 西村 篤弘 中原 優 内田 豊 石本 敬三 神谷 晃

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.406-413, 2001-08-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

8

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According to the guidelines of Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, pharmacists should prepare medicine bags or labels for dispensing injectable medicines. However, it is not easy to establish a new system for printing these bags and labels quickly and efficiently all hospitals. At the moment many hospitals seem to let nurses write the information by hand directly on the transfusion bottles. This involved the risk of serious accidents due to miscommunication between pharmacists and nurses. Because we established a successful advanced system to achieve a maximum output with a minimum effort, its effectiveness is herein reported. We prepared labels using the data of our audit manual for the dispensing of injectable medicines. These labels included essential comments and information for both doctors and nurses. It takes 60-120 minutes to creating labels for 60 to 90 inpatients, while some additional time is needed to double check of the labels. As a result, this system has increased our workload by one and half times. In contrast to our increased workload, clear printed letters and useful comments and information has contributed to a decrease in the workload of the nurses in the ward. This cost effective, efficient system has received high acclaim from the staff members of other departments, and strongly confirms the role of pharmacists as risk managers. We now intend to further improve this system for proper dispensation of injectable medicines more properly and efficiently in the future.

著者

足立 哲夫 原 宏和 平野 和行

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.386-391, 2001-08-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

2 2

---

All students in the 4 th year at our university, perform 4 -week training in pharmaceutical health care practice (practical training in hospital pharmacy and community prescription pharmacy). We carried out a consciousness survey of 149 students who received training at a community prescription pharmacy. A questionnaire on the interest in community prescription pharmacy work revealed the reply, “the training arouse my interest” in 58% of the students who wish to work in hospital after graduation and in 60% of those who wish to work in pharmacies but only in 49% of those who wish to work at pharmaceutical companies and in 40% of those who wish to go graduate schools. Among the types of work of community prescription pharmacy, those that particularly arouse student interest were “home medical care”, “patient compliance instructions” and “patient reception”. Interest in patient compliance instruction was frequently observed in students who wish to work in hospitals, home medical care and the sale of OTC drugs in those who wish to work in pharmacies, and DI work in those who wish to go to graduate schools.Concerning the questions about the image of community prescription pharmacies (or the work performance), students who felt a strong attitude of pharmacists toward their work showed more interest in training in community prescription pharmacies. To enhance the students' consciousness of practical training in community prescription pharmacy, the contents of training should be improved by evaluating the training items students wish to learn and adjusting by classifying the pharmacies requested to accept students for training.

著者

早坂 正敏 青柳 京子 木村 高久 牧原 剛 牧村 瑞惠

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.380-385, 2001-08-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 2

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We have developed a system for the automatic checking of drug interactions when physicians order drugs using prescriptions. This checking is based on drug interaction data obtained form the package insert, which includes not only contraindicated combinations but also cautions. As these data can be printed out, it is easy to pass on such drug information to patients.The system also has a function whereby contraindications are always shown on the screen, whereas administration cautions and other information may be optionally omitted, or included where necessary. Therefore physicians can also order excess doses of some drugs or certain interacting drugs by prescribing them under special circumstances. These items of information are indicated with an asterisk in the prescription and are also provided to community pharmacies through legal prescriptions.The system displays the referred data on an order screen without any reduction in the response time of the host computer. The average response time was 3 s for up to a total of 17 different prescription drugs, and 4 s for more than 17. The response time from 10 : 00 a.m. to 2 : 00 p.m., when the frequency of outpatient prescription orders is the highest, was about the same as during other periods.These results suggest that this system is useful for checking of drug interactions on prescription in three hospitals affiliated with our medical college.

著者

八島 加八 北本 真一 小笠原 康雄 沖川 正善 村上 直美 古川 なおみ 山崎 琢磨 馬場 逸志

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.298-302, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-08-17)

参考文献数

5

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PCA (Patient Controlled Analgesia) by Fentanyl citrate is used as a method of pain control after orthopaedic surgery and NSAIDs is prescribed after PCA at Hiroshima City Asa Hospital. There are many cases in which the effect by NSAIDs is insufficient, even if the analgetic effect by PCA is sufficient. In addition, the use of Opioid's adaptation is limited, because it is designated as a narcotic in Japan. Thus we examined the analgetic effect, for the purpose of early rehabilitation, by relieving the pain that patients experience when moving their bodies by using Codeine phosphate tablets which are both effective and can be orally administered.Codeine phosphate 20mg tablets were administered at a dosage of 80mg just after PCA and thereafter 60mg every 4 hours until bedtime. Patients were next administered 80mg when they got up in the morning and 40mg of each every 3 hours until bedtime from the 2 nd day after the operation. We classified the analgetic effect of Codeine phosphate into 5 grades by using a face scale pain score.Codeine phosphate had no effect on the pain when the patients lay quietly in bed. However the pain score significantly decreased to less than 3 (painful) after operation after the administration of Codeine phosphate when they moved their bodies. The pain score on males decreased significantly in comparison with females. Accordingly, it seems that the administration of Codeine phosphate is an effective means to reduce pain when patients move their bodies after operations in the field of orthopaedic surgery.

著者

北田 徳昭 関戸 聡子 小林 睦 渡 雅克 折山 毅 黒田 和夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.275-281, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 2

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In the present study, we implemented the self-monitoring of side effects in surgical outpatients with breast cancer to improve their quality of life (QOL). Self-monitoring of side effects was carried out by entering the early symptoms (myelosuppression and gastrointestinal failures) on a specially prepared side effect checking-sheet.Six outpatients participated in this study. The chemotherapeutic regimens consisted of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil, i.e. CAF therapy.In these patients, a mild myelosuppression was seen after the completion of half of each protocol (from approximately day 8 to 14). However, there was no relationship between the early symptoms of myelosuppression (“fever”, “general fatigue” and “throat pain” score) and the number of leucocytes. On the other hand, the self-monitoring of side effects showed a better influence on the subjective score for the symptoms of gastrointestinal failures (i.e. “nausea”).In the present study, the self-monitoring of side effects in outpatients with breast cancer was thus suggested to be a useful tool for improving the patient's QOL.

著者

小林 睦 関戸 聡子 北田 徳昭 西山 祐美 吉岡 睦展 辻 隆志 渡 雅克 安藤 厚志 黒田 和夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.262-270, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

5

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We developed a computer program for drug information for patients using File Maker Pro® software package (ver 4.0). This program consists of four databases : 1) a main database which manages data of drug efficacies, the initial symptoms of serious side effects, cautions, drug interactions, 2) standardization for drug efficacies, 3) standardization of the initial symptoms of serious side effects, and 4) information on the package insert for drugs.These four databases enabled pharmacists to provide standardized drug information rapidly not only to patients but also to other medical staff members.Moreover, these four databases connected with a relational function of File Maker Pro® enabled us to automatically update the data on drug efficacies and initial symptoms of serious side effects by in putting the drug code numbers designated by the Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare into this program.These results suggested this program to be useful for the standardization of drug information and the automatic updating of the data.

著者

下村 一徳 名徳 倫明 村山 洋子 陶山 忠士 長嶋 三香子 土師 久幸

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.255-261, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

6

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A system that included both images and voice using a personal computer was developed to provide pharmaceutical instructions for outpatients at the medication counter. A touch panel was adopted for easy use by a wide range of age groups. The system consisted of such items as the “usage of externally applied drug”, “information on disease”, “patient education” and comprised eight items over all. A survey of 105 patients was conducted and almost all patients (95%) understood the drug-related information provided. This system was found to be an effective method for providing patients with easily understood drug-related information and most patients actually enjoyed using this system which led to an improved dissemination of important medication related information.

著者

蒲沢 一行 内藤 由子 佐々木 辰也

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.245-254, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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This paper investigated the distribution of environmental bacteria during the 13-year-period after Iwate Prefectural Central Hospital moved to a new building.(1) The change in airborne bacteria during the 13-year-period was found to be virtually the same as when the building was new.(2) A reduction in airborne bacteria through the use of HEPA filters was observed.(3) Within the hospital and depending on the season, the number of airborne bacteria fluctuated.(4) The detection ratios of airborne bacteria during the 13-year-period hovered in the following ranges : Gram Positive Coccus (GPC) : 75.9 to 77.3%; Gram Positive Bacillus (GPB) : 17.3 to 18.3%; Neisseria spp. : 0.2 to 1.3%; Gram Negative Rod (GNR) : 2.9% to 4.8%; and mycetes : 1.2%.(5) With respect to the number of airborne bacteria detected, assigning a semi-sterile room as 1.0, the nurse's center registered 4.81 times this number and general wards registered 7.22 times this number.(6) The installation of HEPA filters is an effective way of reducing bacteria in the hospital.(7) Cooperation with epidemiologists is needed for improved in-hospital surveillance of airborne bacteria.

著者

平井 みどり 八木 敬子 木口 敏子 長嶺 幸子 冨田 尚子 上田 久美子 平井 由華 岩川 精吾 松田 芳久

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.235-244, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

3 5

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In Japan, pharmacy students are not well trained in either communicating with patients/customers nor providing information about drugs. At our university, most of fourth year students have practical training in hospital or community pharmacy. To complement this practical training, we have a pre-training program modeling exchanges between pharmacists and their customers. As we have no communication training in our curriculum, we implemented training for providing drug information, while taking the necessity of communication training activities into consideration. The program was as follows : one was role-play at the pharmacy counter and the other was for documenting and supplying information for junior high school students about drug and health information. After providing drug information, the students evaluated each other and discussed the various aspects of the communication activities. Through such training, the students were able to overcome some communication barriers and in the end felt satisfied with their own presentations. This training proved to be a useful way of improving the information and communication skills of pharmacy students.

著者

斉藤 嘉津彦 清水 瓊子 岡崎 正子 伊林 至洋 端 和夫 前野 康次郎 石井 清二 土橋 和文 島本 和明 戸田 貴大 黒澤 菜穂子 大和田 栄治 加藤 芳伸 大山 徹 梅津 有理 千田 道洋 有吉 範高 鎌滝 哲也 板谷 幸一

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.228-234, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

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In recent years, genome science has undergone radical changes and numerous advances have led to the development of its use in medical practice. In particular developments in pharmacogenetics have demonstrated that genetic polymorphism is responsible for inter-individual differences in the drug metabolism. This study was conducted to identify the genetic polymorphisms of CYP 2C 9 and CYP 2 C19 using PCR-RFLP, and the application of a gene analysis was investigated in TDM or pharmaceutical management and in counseling services for patients. In a patient with the following pharmacokinetic parameters for phenytoin, for Km=6.69 μg/mL and Vmax = 3.62 mg/day/kg, and a largely decreased metabolic activity of CYP 2 C9 compared to the general population, the genetic differences in CYP 2 C9 could be determined in genomic DNA based on the patient's peripheral blood. Based on this finding, the effective dose for medication was calculated and administered to the patient. In addition, during medical consultations, both written and oral information in an easily comprehensible form could be given to patients with genetic polymorphism. These procedures allow a for the careful matching of the patient to the right medication and dose. This study indicates the possible application of a genetic analysis of CYP to “Evidence-Based Medicine” in the field of pharmaceutical management in order to control the dosage in individuals and to improve patient counseling.

著者

大石 雅子 片岡 和三郎 中川 知子 勝浦 正人 池田 賢二 黒川 信夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.212-220, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

9

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In this study, the present state of the air cleanliness in the drug preparation room at a hospital pharmacy was evaluated, and factors affecting airborne particle numbers (APN) such as the number and the movement of workers and the materials on working clothes and cloths were investigated. In addition, the effect of environmental conditions on air cleanliness on a clean bench was compared. APN was measured with an Aerosol Particle Counter.The maximum 0.5μm APN values while working in the aseptic preparation room were 3, 610, 1, 312 (less than 10, 000 in GMP) and the non-aseptic room were 8, 008, 2, 660 (less than 100, 000) respectively. The conditions of all rooms were sufficiently suitable for drug preparation according to the criteria of GMP.Concerning factors affecting APN, the movement of workers increased the APN much more than the number of workers. The degree of dispersing particles differed greatly depending on the materials of the working clothes and cloths. A decrease to less than 1 /100 can be obtained by the selection of suitable materials for working clothes such as Overall made of polypropylene non-woven fabric from which few of fibers disperse. It is remarkable that smaller particles are dispersed from clothes even after passing through an air shower. In addition, it was confirmed that the dispersing of particles from cloths and rags was also a problem.As long as prescribed methods were used for the clean bench, the air cleanliness inside the clean bench was kept sufficient even through the external air conditions or locations were not so clean.