著者
駒木 定正
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.570, pp.117-123, 2003
被引用文献数
1 1

This paper is intended as a study of the buildings of the Bank of Japan in the Meiji era. The subject is the following two points . The first is to consider how the Bank of Japan changed the organization of an architecture design and the architects. The second is to analyze how the architects (Kingo Tastuno , Uheiji Nagano and Shinichiro Okada) participated in a planning and design of the Otaru Branch of the Bank of Japan. It was found that the various buildings of the Bank of Japan were related to the transition of organizing an architecture design. Moreover, it is concluded that the Otaru Branch is one of the important architecture. The main reason is that three prominent architects made a plan, and this building cost was third in the Bank of Japan.
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
建築雑誌
巻号頁・発行日
no.636, pp.265-272, 1938-03
著者
石井 友 松岡 昌志 牧 紀男 堀江 啓 田中 聡
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)
巻号頁・発行日
no.751, pp.1391-1400, 2018-09
被引用文献数
9

&nbsp;If a disaster such as an earthquake occurs, buildings will suffer damages, including residential houses and public facilities. An investigation of damaged buildings is very important in disaster areas because we use such data to make decisions for the implementation of disaster management and restoration plans. However, in the event of a large-scale disaster, conducting a detailed survey has several problems. The number of buildings to be covered will increase, manpower will be insuffficient, the burden on workers will increase, restoration will take time and will be delayed. Therefore, there is a need for a quick and accurate method of investigating building damages.<br><br>&nbsp;In this study, we allowed a CNN (convolutional neural network) to learn the local and aerial photographs of the 1995 Kobe earthquake and verified the possibility of assessing building damages in the CNN based on the learning curve and discrimination accuracy. The Nishinomiya Built Environment Database, which contained damage certificate data, aerial and field photographs, and their shooting points, was used for analysis. In the Nishinomiya city's damage certificate data, the damaged buildings were classified into four classes: &ldquo;severe,&rdquo; &ldquo;moderate,&rdquo; &ldquo;slight,&rdquo; and &ldquo;undamaged.&rdquo; However, in the present study, three classes&mdash;moderate, slight, and undamaged&mdash;were merged into a single class for simplicity, such that we had a two class classification problem, that is, &ldquo;severe&rdquo; and &ldquo;others.&rdquo;<br><br>&nbsp;First, when we created a data set using the damage certificate data, and aerial and field photographs, and allowed the CNN to learn them, a state called over-fitting was created, which made normal learning more difficult. However, as a result of countermeasures called data incrimination, we were able to obtain a estimation accuracy of approximately 63.6% in the aerial photographs and 73.6% in the field photographs. Since the decrease in the accuracy is due to building internal damages, we should also include the possibility of such damages that could not be assessed from the appearance alone, and of the images of damaged buildings from outside the target building; therefore, we investigated and verified the damaged buildings again based on the &ldquo;images of damaged buildings evaluated by visual interpretation.&rdquo; Then, it became clear that the damaged buildings can be identified with an accuracy of 86.0% in the aerial photographs and 83.0% in the field photographs. Furthermore, in the field photographs, it became clear that collapsed buildings can be distinguished with a high accuracy of 98.5%.<br><br>&nbsp;From the above results, it was found that it is possible to assess the condition of damaged buildings by deep learning using field and aerial photographs taken in the affected area after the earthquake; however, the damage that can be identified with the highest accuracy is limited to the photographs of collapsed buildings. In our future research, we plan to correctly identify the difference between &ldquo;moderate&rdquo; and &ldquo;slight&rdquo; damaged buildings.
著者
松田 法子
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
no.747, pp.979-986, 2018-05

&nbsp;A social relationship and a spatial configuration of Beppu hot spring, Oita where &ldquo;<i>geigi</i>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<i>shogi</i>&rdquo; have worked were investigated in this study. The study focused on condition of &ldquo;<i>shogi</i>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; - a licensed prostitute quarter, its employers and their buildings - mainly in ex-Hamawaki village and also in ex-Beppu village.<br>&nbsp;There were people who carry on &ldquo;<i>geiko</i>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<i>yujo</i>&rdquo; businesses in both Beppu village and Hamawaki village in the early modern period. They had a network extending over vast area such as Bungo, Setouchi and Osaka.<br>&nbsp;Until around 1890, main business area of &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; was placed along the Nagare River which runs Beppu village where development or settlement dates back in the beginning to the middle of the 19C. The area was originally a lowland swamp and developed by Hinago family, a top family of pedigree in the village, who runs a hot spring hotel.<br>&nbsp;The business in around 1890 and the business in the early modern period had several things in common. They both hired both &ldquo;<i>geigi</i>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<i>shogi</i>&rdquo; and they also run hot spring hotels. These common features imply a possibility of some &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; owner families had been running there business as &ldquo;<i>geiko-ya</i>&rdquo; from the early modern age.<br>&nbsp;By the end of the Meiji period, &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; business was more active in Hamawaki village rather than in the Nagare River area. This paper pointed out that this transition results from events. That is, the opening of Hoshu Denki Tetsudo rail-way in 1900, modernizing hot spring facilities or refurbishments of facilities and also real estate trading related to the development.<br>&nbsp;Irie town, emerging &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; area developed on a land-filled area where used to be a cove in Hamawaki town, had a unique system of landowning. Lands of other places in the town are generally owned by few &ldquo;<i>zaichi-jinushi</i>&rdquo; - a prestigious real estate owner of the area - but each &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; employer owned &ldquo;<i>soko-chi</i>&rdquo; - covered area of ground by a building - and &ldquo;<i>kosen-chi</i>&rdquo; - a plot where hot spring comes - in Irie town. The paper also pointed out that there was a common feature in &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; owners in Hamawaki during the modern period and hotel owners. Owners of &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; consist of old landlords of the town and immigrants. The proportion of which resembles rapidly growing hotel owners at that time.<br>&nbsp;&ldquo;<i>Geigi</i>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<i>shogi</i>&rdquo; worked during the end of the Meiji period was mainly from Oita, Miyazaki and some areas in Setouchi or Osaka. This geographical tendency has similarity to a network of &ldquo;<i>geiko-ya</i>&rdquo; in the early modern period.<br>&nbsp;In addition to above mentioned studies, typology of buildings in Hamawaki and Irie town was described in the paper. In Hamawaki, &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; buildings were &ldquo;<i>tsuma-iri</i>&rdquo; - axis of an entry constructed parallel to the ridge of the roof - and its wall was finished by lime plaster which is similar to vernacular houses. On the other hand, buildings in Irie town had its root in another type of building. This difference was caused by newness of &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; district.<br>&nbsp;Furthermore, difference of major business area between &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<i>geigi</i>&rdquo; related business after the Taisho period was pointed out in this study. &ldquo;<i>kashi-zashiki</i>&rdquo; runs at Hamawaki but &ldquo;<i>geigi</i>&rdquo; related business run around the Nagare River in Beppu.
著者
堀内 啓佑 中江 研
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.776, pp.2233-2243, 2020 (Released:2020-10-30)

The purpose of this paper is to reveal how discussions on national housing statistical surveys developed and how the results of these discussions were reflected in actual surveys in Japan.  A previous study revealed that national housing statistics in Japan were established by the "Housing survey of industrial cities" and the "Housing survey of larger cities" in 1941. Another study focused on discussions from 1939 to 1941 and revealed how these surveys were conducted.  This current study revealed the following:  (1) Importance of the 1930 national census and related discussions In 1923, the "Housing Problem Council" made up of people from the Department of Social Affairs of the Ministry of Interior, Tokyo City, Tokyo Prefecture, and other organizations was founded. The council set a goal to include a housing survey in the 1930 national census. In 1927, R. Nagaoka, the Director of the Department of Social Affairs and one of the members of the "Housing Problem Council" proposed to the Statistics Bureau of the Cabinet that the census include housing-related items. Between 1927 and 1929, the Statistics Bureau attempted to include several items in the national census. However, due to the lack of funds, only "number of rooms" was considered. In 1928, the "Housing Statistics Committee" was established at the Architectural Institute. In 1930, the committee submitted the "Proposal on housing-related items in the national census." It recommended including more housing・ related items only in cities with a population of 50,000 or more. However, this proposal was also not adopted. Previous studies have not considered the 1930 national census important because "number of rooms" did not provide valid data, given the structure of Japanese housing and the Japanese lifestyle. This current study revealed the importance of the 1930 national census in the process of conducting national housing statistical surveys in Japan because it has led to research and discussions related to methods and items.  (2) Continuity and change of discussions on national housing statistical surveys After the 1930 census, discussions on the national housing statistical surveys started again in 1939. The leading figures who led the 1923-30 discussions were R. Nagaoka, T. Sano, Y. Uchida, and Y. Nakamura. They also played an important role in conducting the "Housing survey of industrial cities" and the "Housing survey of larger cities." This means that the results of the discussions up to 1930 were reflected in the discussions after 1939. On the other hand, during this time, they were changing their policy on national housing statistical surveys. Their goal around 1928 was to obtain housing statistics in all parts of Japan. However, in the process of the execution of the 1930 national census, they learned that it was difficult to conduct it. Therefore, they changed their goal and aimed to conduct a survey that targeted urban housing only. In addition, after the start of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the survey was limited to houses located in "industrial cities" and "larger cities" because solving the housing shortages in these cities was a top priority in carrying out the war. This article revealed that the "Housing survey of industrial cities" and the "Housing survey of larger cities were not conducted based on short・term discussions during the war, but were conducted as a result of long-term discussions and a response to social conditions.
著者
堀内 啓佑 中江 研
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.758, pp.965-975, 2019 (Released:2019-04-30)
被引用文献数
1 1

The Housing Policy Researching Committee of Dojunkai (HPRCD) researched the housing policies of Western countries from 1939 through 1940. It is important to show the process of its activities and the details of its research because Japanese wartime housing policy was drafted on the basis of the results of its activity. This paper’s originality derives from its focus not only on the HPRCD but also on preceding activity in Dojunkai.  The research division was founded in 1930 and “Research into the building and maintenance of small houses” began in 1934. Activities during the initial period did not focus on housing policy because Dojunkai was established to construct houses for survivors of the Great Kanto Earthquake. However, this improvement in the researching system was an underlying cause in the development of research regarding housing policy in Dojunkai.  “Research into the housing policies of Western countries” began as part of the “Research into the building and maintenance of small houses” in 1937. Research into Dojunkai systematically collected books about housing policies through embassies and translated them. By this time, S. Inui (Chief of the research division) was insisting that emergency measures should be drafted to deal with wartime conditions and that permanent measures should be drafted to establish the housing policies looking toward the postwar period. This was reflected in subsequent research.  In 1939, officials from the Department of Social Affairs of the Ministry of Health and Welfare started to draft measures to solve housing problems. The HPRCD was established in Dojunkai because the government did not have an organization capable of researching precedents in Western countries. Y. Kato, an official from the Department of Social Affairs, tried to draft a Rent Control Ordinance. He used the report from the HPRCD as a reference.At the end of 1939, the Division of Housing was established in the Department of Social Affairs to form a comprehensive housing policy. The HPRCD researched and drafted the Housing Act to realize it. In this way, the HPRCD contributed to legislation regarding housing in wartime.
著者
堀内 啓佑 中江 研
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.746, pp.763-773, 2018 (Released:2018-04-30)
被引用文献数
2

Japanese city fell into the housing shortage, which was caused by intensification of war during WWII. To deal with this situation, Division of Housing in Ministry of Health and Welfare held HMC (Housing Measures Committee) and drafted “The report of HMC”. Researches of the past pointed out its aspect of housing supply measures. On the other hand, HPRCD (Housing Policy Researching Committee of Dojunkai) tried to draft the Housing Act at the same time. It was drafted by four sections in HASRS (“Housing Act” Special Researcher Society), the research group of HPRCD that have researching themes as follows: Section 1 (Housing census), Section 2 (Housing standardization), Section 3 (Housing supervision) and Section 4 (Housing supply). This paper shows a process of formulation of “the report of HMC” and its significance in the history of Japanese housing policy by associating activity of HPRCD with “the report of HMC”. We reveal facts as follows; Officials of Division of Housing tried to hold Housing Policy Committee to establish housing policy that modelled after Western countries. They also took part in activities of HPRCD and intended to enact Housing Act as uniform law about housing. However, they could not hold Housing Policy Committee because of intensification of war. Actually, they had to follow political line that contributes to production expansion and solve housing shortage in areas of munitions factories and urban cities the highest priority. Given this situation, they decided to hold HMC and incorporate ideas gotten thorough research of HPRCD with “the report of HMC” “The report of HMC” was composed of as follows; (1) “Guideline to found Rented House Owner Association (tentative)” (2) “Guideline of special measures of housing supply” (3) “Guideline to found Housing Corporation (tentative)” (4) “Guideline of housing census” (5) “Several methods needed for carrying out housing measures”. The measures of (1), (2), (3) and (5) were drafted based on evaluation that was shown from the research by Section 4 of HASRS. Especially, establishment of Housing Corporation was discussed first of all at HMC because it was considered as most effective way by Section 4. Moreover, matters had been researched by Section 1 was strongly reflected on (4). Section 2 and Section 3 couldn't incorporate their ideas into “the report of HMC” because the measures concerning housing standardization and supervision did not directly contribute to solving housing shortage. However, they made effort to realize their ideas during HMC. “The report of HMC” played important role in proposing housing supply measures at WW II such as the Housing Corporation Act. Moreover, this paper shows its significance that it was product of compromise of activity of drafting Housing Act. Therefore it partially included ideas gotten thorough comprehensive research about housing policy.
著者
坂田 克彦 中村 芳樹 吉澤 望 武田 仁
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.732, pp.129-138, 2017 (Released:2017-02-28)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1 3

Studies have previously been undertaken on the prediction of perceived spatial brightness aimed at achieving designs that take account of a feeling of brightness of space, and various estimation models and factors affecting the prediction of perceived spatial brightness are known. In this study the authors focused their attention primarily on factors other than average brightness to explain perceived spatial brightness in nonuniform luminance distribution with the aim of proposing an index which encompasses existing knowledge while being based on simple quantities. The authors set 32 different lighting conditions in an office with north-facing windows and measured the luminance images for each condition. They then asked subjects to evaluate the perceived brightness from two seats, one with the windows in sight and with no windows in sight, thereby providing 64 different luminance distribution and estimation value samples. Ten contrast images of different spatial frequency were decomposed from each luminance image by wavelet transformation symlet6, then AD (ambient directivity, low spatial frequency) and CD (contrast detail, high spatial frequency) were defined on the basis of each variance of contrast image. The authors used multiple regression analysis to obtain a multiple regression equation to explain spatial brightness using three variables: average luminance, or NB value; AD; and CD. AD lowers spatial brightness, while CD raises it. The estimated accuracy was greater than that achieved using a conventional equation. After considering the above, the authors suggested NSB (Natural scale of Spatial Brightness), a spatial brightness prediction model based on luminance contrast.
著者
安森 亮雄 渡邉 翼 泉山 塁威
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)
巻号頁・発行日
no.59, pp.337-342, 2019-02
被引用文献数
7

<p>The aim of this paper is to clarify the arrangement of elements and activities on street space through the practice of the Sidewalk Cafe in the Orion Street, Utsunomiya city. First, the activities through people's postures and situation and their change are examined. Secondly, the arrangement of elements such as furnitures and advertisements in relationship to adjacent buildings are examined. By integrating them, the sets of the arrangements and activities are analyzed. Finally, through the sequence of the set, the characteristics of the street space are clarified.</p>
著者
本田 昭四 山下 良二
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.375, pp.76-87, 1987
被引用文献数
1

In Japan, many houses for mine workers were built from the 1880's to the 1960's. However, since the goverment changed its energy policies in the sixties, the coal mining industries declined and mine workers who lost their jobs left the coal mining districts. In the 1970's, rehabilitation programs of the district were emphasized. Since the coal mine is located on the site where the coal is found, workers forced to live closed to the mines. Also to facilitate labor manmagement, workers have been made to live collectively. In our country this type of collective housings were called NAYA or HANBA before the 1900's. With the improvement of labor-management relations, the name have been changed to KOFU-SHATAKU, KOFU-SHUKUSHA or TANKO-ROMUSHA-JUTAKU. As the dialogue labor and management increased after the second War, the name was shortened to TANKO-JUTAKU, as it is commonly referred to in administrative circles. This paper is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, the authors studied the historically changing process of housing for miners, then we made a chronological table and divided it into six periods. In the second and third chapter, we examine the origin and evolution of NAYA and KOFU-SHATAKU that were built for coal miners between the 1880's and the 1920's.
著者
横尾 真 山名 善之 岩岡 竜夫
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.80, no.712, pp.1463-1471, 2015

&nbsp;This study aims to clarify architects' thoughts of &ldquo;A&Eacute;RO-CLUB ROLAND-GARROS &Agrave; BUC&rdquo;, which is the relationship between features and building components. It is about the features such as floor planning, concept of space, structure type, facility planning and also about the building components such as the assembly system as well as the list of all parts. The composition of this study includes the analysis of the features of this building and the analysis of the technological aspect of the building components. Finally, we discuss what kind of relationship the two has.
著者
横尾 真 山名 善之 岩岡 竜夫
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会技術報告集 (ISSN:13419463)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.48, pp.853-858, 2015

This study aims to clarify the design feature of Maison du Peuple de Clichy, which is located in the northwest of Paris and was designed by French architects in the late 1930&rsquo;s. As repair works have been carried out in recent years, it became possible for us to analyze this building. We are specifically focusing on the composition of each floor plan, the structure frame and two technical features. One is the prefabricated curtain wall panel which was the first in the world. The other is the system of moveable elements which can be used either as a market, a conference room or a cinema.
著者
横尾 真 山名 善之 岩岡 竜夫
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
no.739, pp.2421-2429, 2017-09

&nbsp;&ldquo;Maison d&eacute;montable en ancier B. L. P. S.&rdquo; was designed by French architects Eugene Beaudouin, Marcel Lods, Jean Prouv&eacute;, and Forges de Strasbourg as a constructor in 1936. An external form is 3.3m&times;3.3m, this small house is used for 2 persons. It consists a living room with 2 beds and a dining table, a kitchen space, a toilet and shower space and also could assemble and be demountable at anywhere. The begginig of this small house was made a prototype at Ateliers Jean Prouv&eacute; that was presented at the sixth exposition de l'habitation in the salon des arts m&eacute;nagers in January 1939. All parts not only the entire house but also furniture were made of the thin steel sheets, there was not the foundation by Reinforced concrete. When Lods demonstrated at the exposition, in fact he could assemble for 2.5 hours and be demountable for 45 minutes. In the same year, someone stolen this small house before begining World War II, and it can never be seen anywhere.<br>&nbsp;As a background and purpose of this study, it aims to clarify architects' thoughts of &ldquo;Maison d&eacute;montable en ancier B. L. P. S. &ldquo;, which focuses on the relationship between features and building components. It is about the features such as floor planning, concept of space, structure type, facility planning, and also about the building components such as the assembly system as well as the list of all parts. Finally, we discuss what kind of relationship the two has.<br>&nbsp;The previously-mentioned 3 French architects collaborated mainly in 3 projects, this small house is one of them, and its second project. Prouv&eacute; has explained through an interview in the book that was written by Peter Sulzer in 2000, it is &ldquo;B. L. P. S. entirely made at my place&hellip; an enormous number of innovations&hellip; like the system of assembling the panels...&rdquo;. Besides Franz Graf has explained that this small house, it's design, has been a great help in designing the fa&ccedil;ade of the Medische Faculteit in Rotterdam (today: Erasmus MC) by Prouv&eacute;, built in 1968. This means that Prouv&eacute; used the similar details in different project 30 years past, it could also say to find an importance innovation in this small house.<br>&nbsp;As a result, we found that important design through to clarify features and building components of &ldquo;Maison d&eacute;montable en ancier B. L. P. S.&rdquo;. It is consisted by 5 building components which are the roof panel, the floor panel, the wall panel, the facility unit, the funiture unit, and they are a set for 2 components. Each of them has a meanings, such as it plays a role as Instruction how to assemble or where sets a position for the next assembled parts. Detail of the joints which connects between building components, has same detail, it can say that a set of building components are able to use turning upside down and is possible to make entire building what it is designed 2 building components by same one without the floor panels and the facility unit.
著者
長谷川 兼一 鍵 直樹 坂口 淳 篠原 直秀 白石 靖幸 三田村 輝章
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.780, pp.197-204, 2021 (Released:2021-02-28)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
2

A recent meta-analysis of dampness in homes has shown that dampness and mold in indoor environments are factors in approximately 30-50% of all respiratory and asthma-related health ailments. Although the specific indoor dampness factors related to such issues have yet to be fully explored, there are clear and urgent needs for improved architectural techniques and optimized occupant behavior patterns that can prevent or eliminate excessive dampness inside buildings. Furthermore, if the underlying structures linking dampness to adverse health effects could be more closely estimated through epidemiological surveys, prevention methodologies for serious problems related to indoor dampness might be discovered. With these points in mind, we previously proposed a home dampness estimation method based on occupants’ self-reported answers to questions regarding indoor dampness during winter. This resulted in an indoor dampness index covering a range from 0 to 24 that classifies houses into four ranks, with those in Rank 4 presenting the most serious dampness-related problems. To clarify the relationship between home dampness levels and indoor environmental quality, another questionnaire survey was conducted and several physical environmental items such as indoor temperature, humidity, and microbial flora from floor dust were measured in 119 detached East Japan houses during the winter season. Herein, we describe the surveyed results and the distribution of the dampness index. The questionnaire also included child health-related symptoms that show onsets within 3 months, and the prevalence of each symptom is presented in relation to each dampness index rank. The characteristics of indoor temperature and humidity resulting from home dampness levels were also clarified by comparing the dampness index and measured results of these physical items. Analyzing the survey results, we found that the prevalence of nasal- and eye-related symptoms increased approximately in tandem with the dampness index ranking. In particular, more than 50% of the children residing in Rank 4 homes reported nasal problems, and there was a high prevalence of throat and skin symptoms in Rank 3 homes. However, despite these values, there are still no clear links between the dampness index and the reported health-related symptoms. Next, the statistical values of temperature, relative humidity, and the humidity ratio during evening time in living rooms and bedrooms were analyzed for each dampness index rank. To test the significance of these associations, Kruskal-Wallis testing was performed to determine whether the samples in each dampness index rank originate from the same distribution. Moreover, the significant differences among each rank’s samples were tested in multiple comparisons. As for temperature results, no significant association was found among the dampness index ranks. This presumes that living room temperatures are affected by heating behaviors at the time of occupancy. On the other hand, both the relative humidity level and the humidity ratio were found to be strongly associated with the dampness index rankings; with higher humidity levels in the living room and bedroom presaging higher dampness index ranks. In addition, the relative humidity and humidity ratios in Rank 2, 3, and 4 living rooms were significantly higher in comparison with Rank 1 living rooms, while the median relative humidity values in Rank 4 living rooms and bedrooms were around 50% and 70%, respectively. Significantly, the humidity ratios in Rank 4 homes were found to be the highest among the surveyed houses and it was expected that these houses had severe environmental problems related to indoor dampness.
著者
首代 佳吾 山名 善之
出版者
日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.744, pp.231-239, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
1 1

In recent years, the cultural heritage value of cities and architecture constructed by western powers in the former colonies mainly in Asia and Africa is beginning to be realized. While the cities and architecture tend to be regarded historical negative legacies for the former colonies, recent research suggests that they are important legacies representing the process of modernization of the city and accepting and coexisting with the other. In the discussion of shared heritage that began in 2010 in such a framework, colonial architecture is one of the important elements of the modern era and it is connection parts between the present and past. However, because evaluation of such cities and architecture are getting behind and the economic situation is developing in recent years, some of them are destroyed before being evaluated and protected as cultural heritage. Therefore, in order to consider the cities and architecture of the former colonies as a shared heritage, it is necessary to clarify the formation of the city including it's architecture. The foundation of the former colonial cities were constructed by western powers. Colonial cities originally existed in the form of rural areas and villages that were required for trade and military functions by western powers. Furthermore, these cities were continually formed as these functions expanded. When people in each suzerain came to visit, the cities began to be constructed as planned cities considering their various functions. Especially, hill station, planned for people stationed in hot climate colonies but accustomed to cold climates, is one type of the planned city formed by the requirement for these diverse functions. Therefore, in this research, reveal the urban formation in the formation of Dalat, hill station in Vietnam, with focusing on the function required by France and the aim of this study is to reveal acceptance and development of modern idea brought from western Europe called planned cities. Chapter 1 focuses on the process of gathering and categorizing relevant original documents. In order to grasp the location of organizations that hold documents used in past research. Documents relevant to this research were then identified. Chapter 2 organizes the urban planning of the entire Dalat chronologically and focuses on zoning changes and revealing the changes in the function in the city. Chapter 3 extracts a discourse on the functions revealed in Chapter 2 from the document set grasps when each function was required for the first time. Chapter 4 compares the urban formation revealed in Chapter 2 and the required functions revealed in Chapter 3 chronologically. As a result, although there is a difference in time from request to reflection, it is revealed that the requested function is reflected in urban formation, and Dalat is a city formed by requirement of various new functions over time. Chapter 5, we revealed how modern ideas introduced by France in current Dalat is developed from a field survey of architecture. As a result, modern industries such as tourism had a great influence on urban formation in Dalat during the colonial era are still thriving. Furthermore, while several grand hotels for the upper classes were constructed during the colonial era, it is revealed that many small hotels called mini hotels which provide accommodation at low prices for all classes are being constructed at present.