3 0 0 0 OA 人造イクラ

著者
紙尾 康作
出版者
社団法人日本化学会
雑誌
化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.4, pp.309-311, 1987-08-20
著者
村上 友章
出版者
JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2012, no.170, pp.170_93-170_108, 2012

The Soviet Union invaded the Kuril Islands after the end of the Pacific War and Russian border guards had often apprehended Japanese fishing boats on the sea around these islands for the invasion of "Soviet territorial waters". These numerous incidents by Russian authorities in capturing Japanese fishing boats and their crews seriously damaged the livelihood of the Japanese fishermen involved. They continued to demand the Japanese government to secure the safety of fishing on the sea especially around the Habomai and the Shikotan islands. In June 1963, a part of their earnest wish was realized. The Japan Fisheries Association concluded a private agreement with the Soviet government. This agreement allows seaweed harvesting by the Japanese fishermen in a small area within "Soviet territorial waters". This article will examine the negotiation process of this agreement.<br>It took a long time since the restoration of diplomatic relations between Japan and the Soviet Union in 1956 to reach the agreement because it involved an intractable territorial dispute over a Russian-held chain of islands. The Soviet Union proposed to Japan to conclude a Peace Treaty in which Japan world accept to have only two of the islands (Habomai and Shikotan) returned as part of the Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration. However, the government of Japan could not accept this condition and asked the Soviet Union to return not just the two islands but also Kunashiri and Etorofu. Therefore, in order to secure the safety of the Japanese fishermen on the sea, either the Soviets would drop the condition, or Japan would accept the proposal and conclude a Peace Treaty with such provisions. However, both countries exhibited an uncompromising attitude to each other. In addition, many Japanese were indifferent to this local problem.<br>The individual who resolved this difficult problem was the Chairman of Japan Fisheries Association Takasaki Tatsunosuke. He was a famous conservative political leader known for his contribution in signing a private trade agreement with the People's Republic of China in 1962. When he participated in the Japan-Soviet Negotiations on Fishery, he personally tried to lead both countries to conclude a Japan-Soviet Peace Treaty by making Russia recognize "residual sovereignty" of Kunashiri and Etorofu and return Habomai and Shikotan. However, the Soviets took a stern approach toward the government of Japan because of the revision of the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty. The government of Japan was not sympathetic to his initiative either. Hence, Takasaki decided to adopt a stopgap measure and sought to conclude a private agreement with the Soviet government in order to avoid the territorial issues. His proposal succeeded in gaining concessions from both countries and in securing the safety of the Japanese fishermen in the given small area. But as a result, ironically, the stability of the Japan-Soviet relations reduced the need for a Peace Treaty and Takasaki's "residual sovereignty" plan.
著者
藤田 直子 小野 良平 熊谷 洋一
出版者
社団法人日本造園学会
雑誌
ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌 : journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture (ISSN:13408984)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.5, pp.417-420, 2005-03-31
参考文献数
45
被引用文献数
3 4

"Shasoh" is the peculiar forest spaces in Japan. The objective of our study is to make clear the meanings, significance, evaluations, and transition of Shasoh in a process of legislation of National Monuments. The period of research was from the Meiji Era to the early Syowa, and research method was using the journals named National Monuments to examine how they recognized the preservation system for national monuments. In the early period, it was observed that Shasoh was recognized not only as the forests with excellent scientific value but also as the space implying the combined value. Additionally, some of Shinto shrines were abolished and others were merged by government in this age. The research detected in those journals and other articles that SHIRAI Mitsutaro emphasized the value of Shasoh against that. However, the point of view to see the meaning of complicated values with Shasoh has vanished, on the other hand, Shasoh has become to be recognized as the place of botanical meanings.
著者
山田 陽滋 鴻巣 仁司 森園 哲也 梅谷 陽二
出版者
一般社団法人日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学會論文集. C編 (ISSN:03875024)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.666, pp.509-516, 2002-02-25
被引用文献数
26

In the social context of an aging workforce at the labor intensive manufacturing sectors, we discuss an assisting system for older workers who have excellent skills though their physical ability to perform iterative tasks at a constant speed with high quality. "Skill-Assist" which is proposed in this paper is a new type of assisting system which varies its mechanical impedance to give workers who have been working under the lifetime employment system a sense of achievement in being again able to accomplish the skilled tasks they were capable of when younger. This paper discusses the control algorithm of Skill-Assist. First, a criterion for changing the impedance of Skill-Assist in response to task condition variations is explained to propose. "Phase-Dependent Impedance Control". Second, desirable impedance patterns are experimentally determined. The patterns are required to produce a good subjective operational feel and precise positioning when maneuvering Skill-Assist. Finally, the effectiveness of Skill-Assist is verified under more practical positioning tasks, which is evaluated based on the subjective operational feel, physical stress, and productivity.
著者
橘 セツ
出版者
神戸山手大学
雑誌
神戸山手大学紀要 (ISSN:13453556)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, pp.A89-A104, 2006-12-20

This paper explores lifehistory/lifegeography of English botanist, Reginal Farrer (1880-1920). Farrer encountered Japanese gardens in Japan in 1903 and wrote The Garden of Asia : Impressions from Japan in 1904. I discuss this work in relation to his general ideas about rock gardens : My Rock Garden (1907). He had been greatly influenced by his encounter with Japanese gardens in Japan, where he developed his idea of rock gardens. I explore the landscape management of Reginald Ferrer's home at Clapham, Ingleborough, Yorkshire. I consider how Farrar's ideas on rock gardens may be seen as the creation of a "hybrid" garden, while the main stream of Japanese gardens at the age of fashion in Edwardian Britain is the introduction and copy of an "authentic" Japanese garden. Farrer was not interested in copying Japanese garden design, rather he was interested in creating "natural" rock gardens using exotic alpine plants in the British environment. His ideas of rock garden and his estate managment around Clapham village can be seen as an attempt to create a "hybrid" landscape garden in Britain.