著者

田端宏 桑原真人監修

出版者

山川出版社

巻号頁・発行日

2000

著者

大山 博

出版者

法政大学現代福祉学部現代福祉研究編集委員会

雑誌

現代福祉研究 = The bulletin of the Faculty of Social Policy and Administration : reviewing research and practice for human and social well-being (ISSN:13463349)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.101-133, 2010-03-31

著者

岡山 和生

出版者

日本災害情報学会

雑誌

災害情報 (ISSN:13483609)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.46-57, 2007 (Released:2021-04-01)

参考文献数

13

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ハリケーン・カトリーナによる大規模高潮災害で明らかになった、大都市の避難行動の困難さを踏まえ、ニューオーリンズでの実績とその分析を行い、日本における大都市の大規模高潮災害・水害における避難行動のあり方を提案する。ニューオーリンズでは、ハリケーンの強風被害に対する、上陸2日前からの広域避難が、大きな成果を収めたが、高潮浸水被害に対する具体的な警報の仕組みが無かったために、破堤氾濫による浸水からの避難に役立つ効果的な情報が不足して、多くの犠牲者を生んだ。そのための高潮警報と連動した避難体制の整備の必要性を示す。また、とりあえず命を守る緊急避難と、仮に生活できる安全な場所への再避難を二段階に考えた避難方式を採用することを提案するとともに、避難所の機能について、ライフラインのバックアップや、アクセスの確保の重要性を示す。さらに、水防計画だけでは対応できない大規模水害に対して、広域的な機関の役割と、その連携のための、スーパー高潮警報や、危機管理行動計画の必要性を明らかにする。

著者

西尾 泉

出版者

比較都市史研究会

雑誌

比較都市史研究 (ISSN:02871637)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.55-68, 2008-12-20 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

奥 健夫

出版者

International Society of Life Information Science

雑誌

国際生命情報科学会誌 (ISSN:13419226)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.144-154, 2005-03-01 (Released:2019-05-03)

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本研究では、量子論及びホログラフィック原理に基づく現代宇宙論の観点から、意識生命エネルギーのメカニズムに関する考察を行うことを目的とした。人間の意識生命エネルギー(ECL)を、ある波動関数で表わされるフォトン的な波動と考え、巨視的量子凝縮体への光の凍結物質化のメカニズムを提案した。意識場光がダークエネルギーダークマターに光凍結し、負のエントロピー形成から物質生命体における原子自己組織配列が生じると考えられる。ECLは、ボースアインシュタイン凝縮、フェルミ凝縮、量子エンタングルメント、トンネルフォトンなどの量子コヒーレント的性質をもたらしていると考えられる。またホログラフィック原理及び超弦理論から、宇宙の4次元時空の全情報が3次元境界面に記録され、そのコード情報もしくは余剰7次元がECLに対応する、意識⇒生命エネルギー⇒物質情報変換モデルを提案した。物質情報から見ると宇宙情報は、時間凍結した状態であろうと考えられる。

著者

鷲見 浩一 山 清太郎 大淵 啓介 朝香 智仁 落合 実

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集B2(海岸工学) (ISSN:18842399)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.I_1411-I_1415, 2012 (Released:2012-11-15)

参考文献数

8

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In this study, we surveyed the tsunami damage in Asahi City, Chiba, which was devastated by the tsunami. In addition, the damage caused by tsunami revealed the importance of soft countermeasures to supplement the disaster prevention functions of hard countermeasures. Therefore, we devised a method whereby residents hand down lessons from disasters. The inundation height above T.P. (Tokyo Bay mean sea level) was about 4.6 meters in Shimonagai, Asahi City. The tsunami run-up height in the district was about 5.1 meters. This reach point is consistent with the data from interviews with eyewitnesses. The method for handing down lessons from disasters is composed of four stages: (i) survey on disaster subculture, (ii) summary of the results of the survey, (iii) plan for implementation, and (iv) achievement of residents' evacuation.

著者

林 慶

出版者

日本結晶成長学会

雑誌

日本結晶成長学会誌 (ISSN:03856275)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.50-3-02, 2023 (Released:2023-10-31)

参考文献数

24

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Mg2Sn has attracted attention as one of the efficient thermoelectric (TE) materials operating at 400 K~800 K. To improve its TE performance, Mg2Sn single crystals (SCs) containing lattice defects were prepared. The lattice defects in Ga-doped and Li-doped Mg2Sn SCs were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscope observations. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of the Ga-doped and Li-doped Mg2Sn SCs were also measured. The lattice defects less affected the hole carrier transport, whereas they scattered phonons effectively. The dimensionless figure-of-merit zT of a Li-doped Mg2Sn SC was higher than that of a Li-doped Mg2Sn polycrystal, demonstrating that the potential of SCs with lattice defects can be a good candidate for TE applications.

著者

Kaito MASUDA Tomoya UI Ayumi HIRAOKA Hiroshi NAKASHIMA Juro MIYASAKA Katsuaki OHDOI Ryozo NOGUCHI

出版者

Japanese Society of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Engineers and Scientists

雑誌

Environmental Control in Biology (ISSN:1880554X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.17-28, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-05-03)

参考文献数

30

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To investigate the effects of different types of irradiation on the growth and morphological characteristics of leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa “Greenwave”), a quantitative analysis of the leaf contour using an elliptic Fourier descriptor (EFD) was carried out together with conventional measurement methods. Two experiments were conducted to test the different treatments. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of monochromatic/alternating/simultaneous red/blue irradiation, and Experiment 2 determined the effects of random variations in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) compared with that of constant light. The growth and morphological characteristics in Experiment 1 were consistent with those of previous studies, where the shoot fresh weights in monochromatic and alternating irradiations were larger than those in simultaneous irradiations. EFD showed that the leaf length and petiole under monochromatic and alternating irradiation were longer and more apparent than those under simultaneous irradiation. In Experiment 2, both the conventional measurement methods and EFD could hardly detect any differences in leaf lettuce growth and morphological characteristics under constant PPFD. These results suggested that fluctuating PPFD within certain limits in a PFAL may have little effect on the leaf lettuce growth.

著者

大森 朝日

出版者

日本危機管理学会

雑誌

危機管理研究 (ISSN:0919245X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.23-28, 2021 (Released:2021-10-01)

参考文献数

16

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近年,記者会見のネット中継が増え,一般の人まで視聴することができるようになった。結果として,いわゆる“ 荒れる会見” が少なくなったのと同時に,その模様が衆人環視に晒されことになった。 こうした中,コロナ禍となり,テレビ会議による会見の運営にソーシャルディスタンスなどで工夫が必要となった。ネット中継,テレビ会議の会見の運営に,現状では,決まったルールがない。経済界やマスメディアは,相互に秩序ある健全な報道のため,何らかのルールづくりが求められている。

著者

Mariko Ohnuma Kosuke Ito Karin Hamada Ami Takeuchi Kenji Asano Takahiro Noda Akira Watanabe Akiko Hokura Hiroshi Teramura Fuminori Takahashi Hiromi Mutsuro-Aoki Koji Tamura Hiroaki Shimada

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.219-227, 2023-09-25 (Released:2023-09-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

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Glucose chains in starch are phosphorylated and contribute to structural stabilization. Phosphate groups contained in starch also play a role in retaining moisture. α-Glucan water dikinase 1 (GWD1) is involved in the phosphorylation of glucose chains in starch. In this study, we generated potato mutants of the GWD1 gene using the CRISPR/dMac3-Cas9 system. Observation of the phenotypes of the GWD1-deficient mutants revealed their physiological roles in tuber starch formation. The 4-allele mutants showed growth retardation and a delay in tuber formation. A significant decrease in phosphorus content was detected in the tuber starch of the gwd1 mutant. This mutant starch showed a higher amylose content than the wild-type starch, whereas its gelatinization temperature was slightly lower than that of the WT starch. The peak viscosity of the mutant starch was lower than that of the WT starch. These observations revealed that the starch of the gwd1 mutants had peculiar and unique properties compared to those of WT, sbe3 and gbss1 mutant starches. The amount of tissue-released water due to freeze–thawing treatment was determined on tubers of the gwd1 mutant and compared with those of WT and the other mutants. Significantly less water loss was found in the gwd1, sbe3 and gbss1 mutant tubers than in the WT tubers. Our results indicate that the GWD1 gene is not only important for potato growth, but also largely effective for the traits of tuber starch.

著者

Shinsuke Asakawa

出版者

Association of Behavioral Economics and Finance

雑誌

行動経済学 (ISSN:21853568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.26-46, 2021 (Released:2022-01-21)

参考文献数

44

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Many studies suggest that the expansion of the child benefit (CB) policy increases child-rearing spending, as it offers mental accounting properties or a labeling effect. However, it remains unclear whether this increase in child-rearing expenditure is simply an income effect related to the CB expansion, or whether the preference for child-rearing expenditure changes relative to other goods at the same time as the income effect; that is, whether the slope of the indifference curve changes. This study examines the effects of Japan’s CB expansion on parental preferences for childcare and children’s education; we find that, on average, CB expansion increased parents’ priorities for childcare. A subsample analysis revealed that low-income households with children younger than 13 years preferred childcare more, while high-income households with children in elementary school (7–12 years old) preferred better child education instead of decreasing their childcare priorities. These results indicate that the impact of unexpected CB expansion on parents’ preferences for childcare and children’s education differs, depending on the child’s age and household income. The most important implication of this study is that, when expanding CB, governments should carefully choose target households in light of policy objectives and avoid widening the opportunity gap among households, considering the heterogeneous impacts of CB expansion on parents’ preferences for childcare and children’s education.

著者

Mitsuko Kishi-Kaboshi Fumitaka Abe Yoko Kamiya Kanako Kawaura Hiroshi Hisano Kazuhiro Sato

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.237-245, 2023-09-25 (Released:2023-09-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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Genome editing is a promising method for simultaneously mutagenizing homoeologs in the three subgenomes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, the mutation rate via genome editing must be improved in order to analyze gene function and to quickly modify agronomic traits in wheat. Here, we examined the Cas9-induced mutation rates in wheat plants using two promoters for single guide RNA (sgRNA) expression and applying heat treatment during Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Using the TaU6 promoter instead of the OsU6 promoter from rice (Oryza sativa L.) to drive sgRNA expression greatly improved the Cas9-induced mutation rate. Moreover, a heat treatment of 30°C for 1 day during tissue culture increased the Cas9-induced mutation rate and the variety of mutations obtained compared to tissue culture at the normal temperature (25°C). The same heat treatment did not affect the regeneration rates of transgenic plants but tended to increase the number of transgene integration sites in each transgenic plant. These results lay the foundation for improving the Cas9-induced mutation rate in wheat to enhance research on gene function and crop improvement.

著者

Naoyuki Umemoto Shuhei Yasumoto Muneo Yamazaki Kenji Asano Kotaro Akai Hyoung Jae Lee Ryota Akiyama Masaharu Mizutani Yozo Nagira Kazuki Saito Toshiya Muranaka

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.211-218, 2023-09-25 (Released:2023-09-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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Genome editing is highly useful for crop improvement. The method of expressing genome-editing enzymes using a transient expression system in Agrobacterium, called agrobacterial mutagenesis, is a shortcut used in genome-editing technology to improve elite varieties of vegetatively propagated crops, including potato. However, with this method, edited individuals cannot be selected. The transient expression of regeneration-promoting genes can result in shoot regeneration from plantlets, while the constitutive expression of most regeneration-promoting genes does not result in normally regenerated shoots. Here, we report that we could obtain genome-edited potatoes by positive selection. These regenerated shoots were obtained via a method that combined a regeneration-promoting gene with the transient expression of a genome-editing enzyme gene. Moreover, we confirmed that the genome-edited potatoes obtained using this method did not contain the sequence of the binary vector used in Agrobacterium. Our data have been submitted to the Japanese regulatory authority, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and we are in the process of conducting field tests for further research on these potatoes. Our work presents a powerful method for regarding regeneration and acquisition of genome-edited crops through transient expression of regeneration-promoting gene.

著者

Masaki Odahara Most Tanziman Ara Remi Nakagawa Yoko Horii Shougo Ishio Shinjiro Ogita Keiji Numata

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.263-271, 2023-12-25 (Released:2023-12-25)

参考文献数

34

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The plastid is a promising target for the production of valuable biomolecules via genetic engineering. We recently developed a plastid-specific gene delivery system for leaves or seedlings using KH-AtOEP34, a functional peptide composed of the polycationic DNA-binding peptide KH and the Arabidopsis thaliana plastid-targeting peptide OEP34. Here, we established a liquid culture system for inducing multiple shoots in the model plants A. thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana and the crop plant strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) and tested the use of these plant materials for peptide-mediated gene delivery to plastids. Our liquid culture system efficiently induced multiple shoots that were enriched in meristems. Using these meristems, we performed KH-AtOEP34-mediated gene delivery to plastids and tested the delivery and integration of a cassette composed of the spectinomycin resistance gene aadA, the GFP reporter gene, and sequences homologous to plastid DNA. Genotyping PCR revealed the integration of the cassette DNA into plastid DNA several days after delivery in all three plants. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunoblotting confirmed the presence of plasmid-derived GFP in the plastids of meristems, indicating that the plasmid DNA was successfully integrated into plastid DNA and that the cassette was expressed. These results suggest the meristems developed in our liquid culture system are applicable to peptide-mediated delivery of exogeneous DNA into plastids. The multiple shoots generated in our liquid novel culture system represent promising materials for in planta peptide-mediated plastid transformation in combination with spectinomycin selection.

著者

Jaechol Sim Yuhei Kanazashi Tetsuya Yamada

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.247-254, 2023-09-25 (Released:2023-09-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2

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In general, plant organ size is determined using cell number and expansion. In our previous study, we generated soybean (Glycine max) mutants of the PEAPOD (PPD) genes GmPPD1 and GmPPD2 using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 system. Some of these mutants exhibited extremely abnormal phenotypes, such as twisted pods and limited seeds. These phenotypes were attributed to the frameshift mutation in both GmPPD loci. In this study, the physiological and molecular biological properties of mutant plants with two knocked-out GmPPD loci (ppd-KO) were characterized. The ppd-KO mutant exhibited a delayed growth phase from the time of development of the unifoliolate leaves to that of first trifoliolate leaves and a stay-green phenotype, which were not observed in the other mutants of soybean or ppd mutants of other plant species. Gene expression analysis revealed considerably decreased expression of SPIRAL1-LIKE 5 (GmSP1L5), mainly causing the twisted pod phenotype observed in the ppd-KO mutant. The relationship between PPD and SP1L5 has not been previously reported, and in this study, we showed that that loss of PPD functioning affects SP1L5 expression in soybean. In this study, we revealed that the decrease in PPD function contributed to organ enlargement and that complete knockout of PPD has a negative effect on soybean organogenesis.

著者

Jaechol Sim Chikako Kuwabara Shota Sugano Kohei Adachi Tetsuya Yamada

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.193-200, 2023-09-25 (Released:2023-09-25)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

1

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Genetic improvement of soybean seed traits is important for developing new varieties that meet the demand for soybean as a food, forage crop, and industrial products. A large number of soybean genome sequences are currently publicly available. This genome sequence information provides a significant opportunity to design genomic approaches to improve soybean traits. Genome editing represents a major advancement in biotechnology. The production of soybean mutants through genome editing is commonly achieved with either an Agrobacterium-mediated or biolistic transformation platform, which have been optimized for various soybean genotypes. Currently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonuclease 9 (Cas9) system, which represents a major advance in genome editing, is used to improve soybean traits, such as fatty acid composition, protein content and composition, flavor, digestibility, size, and seed-coat color. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the improvement of soybean seed traits through genome editing. We also discuss the characteristics of genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 system with transformation platforms.

著者

柳父 悟

出版者

一般社団法人 電気学会

雑誌

電気学会論文誌A(基礎・材料・共通部門誌) (ISSN:03854205)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.8, pp.776-782, 2002 (Released:2003-03-28)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 2

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The history of circuit breaker development is reviewed and it must be emphasized that early stage of electricity application, there was no circuit breaker technology at all. The amount of electric power consumption was increased and gradually the circuit breaker concept was developed. At first the oil circuit breaker is developed in Europe and the air circuit breaker and the vacuum circuit breaker were developed. Finally the SF6 gas circuit breaker are developed together with the gas insulated switchgear. It is also written that by reviewing the history, one can easily point out the present problem judging from the tendency of general picture.

著者

只熊 憲治 土井 智之 志田 充央 前田 和宏

出版者

公益社団法人 自動車技術会

雑誌

自動車技術会論文集 (ISSN:02878321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.37-42, 2011 (Released:2011-05-18)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2

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昨今のエネルギー・環境の観点から燃費改善に重きをおいたITS開発が求められている.本報では,隊列走行時における空気抵抗・燃費改善効果について検討を行った結果について報告する.具体的には,2台隊列走行における結果,及び,その結果を元にして,後流に関する理論を応用した予測式について示す.