著者

大矢 勝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本繊維製品消費科学会

雑誌

繊維製品消費科学 (ISSN:00372072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.151-156, 1999-03-25 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

著者

伊藤公雄 [ほか] 著

出版者

晃洋書房

巻号頁・発行日

2022

著者

SHINICHI MOCHIZUKI

出版者

Mathematical Institute, Tohoku University

雑誌

Tohoku Mathematical Journal, Second Series (ISSN:00408735)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.455-479, 2007-09-30 (Released:2010-10-21)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

13

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We study the “combinatorial anabelian geometry” that governs the relationship between the dual semi-graph of a pointed stable curve and various associated profinite fundamental groups of the pointed stable curve. Although many results of this type have been obtained previously in various particular situations of interest under unnecessarily strong hypotheses, the goal of the present paper is to step back from such “typical situations of interest” and instead to consider this topic in the abstract—a point of view which allows one to prove results of this type in much greater generality under very weak hypotheses.

著者

渡辺 武達 Takesato Watanabe

出版者

同志社大学人文学会

雑誌

評論・社会科学 = Hyoron Shakaikagaku (Social Science Review) (ISSN:02862840)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.45-128, 1994-09-20

著者

尹 国花

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.2, pp.59-89, 2022-09-16

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This article analyzes the activities and the dissolution process of the Yanbian Democratic League (“the League”), a Korean social organization formed in Yanbian in the early period after the World War II. In this way, the article clarifies the interrelationship between the political trends of the area and the ethnic policies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). After the war, various social organizations led by Koreans were formed one after another in Yanbian, and were integrated into the League. Initially, the CCP planned to incorporate the Korean communist in the League as a means to promote its influence in Yanbian’s society. Therefore, to verifying the activities of the League and its interaction with the CCP is extremely important for making clear that what the ethnic policies of the CCP were in Yanbian. Previous studies often assumed that the League was established and dissolved spontaneously. Nevertheless, the formation of the League was largely stimulated by the instruction of the Soviet forces stationed in Yanbian. Before CCP and its grassroot organizations penetrated the local communities, it was actually the League that served as the basic unit of the political power in Yanbian. And the success of the League in enhancing local presence was due in large part to the support and the guidance of the Soviet military, which sought to maintain its influence in the locality by training Soviet-leaning cadres. Even so, since the cadres of the League had a long-term base of residence in Yanbian, many of them remained in Yanbian after the war. Many of them recognized Korea as their homeland and gave top priority to the liberation of the Korean nation. While working with the League and absorbing its cadres into the CPC, the CCP was at the same time wary of the growing power of the League, and dissolved the League as the Soviet forces withdraw from Yanbian. This action by the CPC was also a policy located in the border region between China, the Soviet Union, and the North Korean state, which aimed to eliminate the tremendous influence of the Soviet Union and the North Korean state, and establish a stable CPC government in Yanbian.

著者

尹 敏志

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.2, pp.31-58, 2022-09-16

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The Seven Jia Collection (Qijia ji 七家集) contains seven historical documents of the late Ming, all of which were written from a perspective conflicts with the Qing dynasty, four of them were forbidden in Qianlong 乾隆 era. The Qingbai Caolu 淸白草廬 manuscript collected in Kunaicho Shoryobu 宮内廳書陵部 (the Archives and Mausolea Department, the Imperial Household Agency) was compiled before Qianlong era and then imported to Japan, which was lost in China. According to the Qing manuscript of the Eight Jia Collection (Bajia ji 八家集) in the Peking University Library, it was compiled by adding the Biographies of Four Kings (Siwang hezhuan 四王合傳) to the Seven Jia Collection. Before 1808, the Eight Jia Collection was imported to Japan, attracting the attention of Sinology (kangaku 漢學) and Japanese classical (kokugaku 國學) scholars. There are 13 existing manuscripts of the Eight Jia Collection in Japan, all derived from a single source. By comparing the catalogs and texts of the manuscripts, it is highly likely that exist the formation order of firstly the Seven Jia Collection of Kunaicho Shoryobu, secondly the Eight Jia Collection of Peking University Library, and lastly manuscripts of the Eight Jia Collection in Japan. In the late Edo Era, the books contained in the Eight Jia Collection were published three times. The first was the wooden type version of the Ten Days of Yangzhou (Yangzhou shiri ji 揚州十日記) by Saisentei Tetsuya Jube 採撰亭鐵屋十兵衞. In 1830, Gyokugando 玉巖堂 in Edo extracted the Biographies of Four Kings, published it with Pingding Sanni Shulüe 平定三逆述略 by Zhao Yi 趙翼. In 1834, Saito Nanmei 齋藤南溟 added guiding marks (kunten 訓點) and comments to the Ten Days of Yangzhou and A Record of Slaughter in Jiading (Jiading tucheng jilüe 嘉定????城紀略) and published Jishukan 自修館 edition. The authors of the preface and afterword of Jishukan edition were Sinology scholar living in Edo, Endo Kakushu 遠藤鶴洲 and other Kishu 紀州 feudal retainer emphasized the instructive role of the Eight Jia Collection. On the other hand, Koga Toan 古賀侗庵 emphasized the cruelty of the Qing army and pointed out that the history of Ming-Qing alternation period would be a cautionary tale for Japan. The formation, transmission and publication of the Seven Jia Collection and the Eight Jia Collection shed light on the history of the reception of Qing dynasty forbidden manuscripts, which has not fully concerned in the past..

著者

宇都宮 美生

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.1, pp.61-96, 2022-06-17

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The imperial garden was a private garden that made up the pre-modern Chinese capital together with the palace and residential areas. The garden was located on the north side of Sui-Tang Chang’an 長安 City, while Xiyuan 西苑 was located on the west side of Luoyang 洛陽 City. In this article, the author explains how Xiyuan’s location related to the purpose of defense against the western peoples and the use of the terrain formed by the rivers. In the eastern part of Xiyuan, Sui Yangdi 隋煬帝 established water facilities and production activities to manage water on a daily basis while supporting entertainment and regulating the water supply to the city, while in the western part, a variety of free-range animals were maintained for use in ritual sacrifices and as a symbol of the emperor’s dignity and assets. The Tang emperors abolished these facilities, building palaces in the mountainous areas for use as hunting bases and summer vacation houses, and showed a gradually diminishing interest in water. The fact that there was no major flood damage in the Sui period while such damage occurred frequently in the Tang period indicates that the water management in Xiyuan was extremely important for Luoyang City downstream, as well as reflecting Yangdi’s reverence for and imitation of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇帝 and Han Wudi 漢武帝. The differences in water management between the two periods reflects changes in the concept of imperial gardens. Xiyuan might be termed a comprehensive imperial garden that inherited northern traditions since the Qin and Han periods while incorporating elements of nomadic cities such as Ye 鄴 City of Northern Qi (Bei Qi 北斉) and Jiankang 建康 City during the Southern Dynasties. It also indicates that the role of the imperial garden should not be discussed solely with reference to the functions of the Chang’an garden (jinyuan 禁苑), but that water management, a tradition since Qin, should be added as one of its important roles.

著者

柴 棟

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.1, pp.31-60, 2022-06-17

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During the abdication rite of the Wei-Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, the founding monarchs of the new dynasty usually acceded to the emperor’s throne in the altar place (tanchang 壇場) or the southern suburban altar (nanjiao 南郊) and offered sacrifices to heaven in person. In contrast, the founders of the Sui-Tang Dynasties acceded to the emperor’s throne in the main hall (zhengdian 正殿), and no longer offered sacrifices to heaven in person, but sent an agent whose role was to worship heaven. Although in certain cases researchers have mentioned this change, it is mainly investigated from the aspect of etiquette, especially the change of enthronement etiquette and the normalization of vicarious conduct (yousi sheshi 有司攝事). Therefore, it is necessary to discuss this topic from different perspectives. This study explores the reasons for the changes in enthronement etiquette of abdication in the Wei-Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties and Sui-Tang Dynasties. Consequently, it analyzes the location of the Chancellor of State’s residence (xiangguo fu 相國府), those who received abdication (shoushan zhe 受禪者) in Wei-Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties and Sui-Tang Dynasties, as well as the relevant political situation in the Sui-Tang Dynasties at the time of abdication, further clarifying the influence of factors, other than the ritual system, on the formation and change of the enthronement ceremony. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of two aspects, namely, the location of enthronement and the executor of the proclamation to heaven, on dynastic change (gaodai jitian 吿代祭天) at that time. We find that the changes in the enthronement etiquette of the Sui-Tang Dynasties’ founding monarch are not caused primarily by the internal ceremony system, but by an expedient measure based on the location of the Chancellor of State’s residence and the political situation at the time. Therefore, this directly reflects the difference in abdication between the Wei-Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties and Sui-Tang Dynasties. Moreover, even though the executor of gaodai jitian changed from emperor to agent during the Sui-Tang Dynasties, Yang Jian 楊堅 and Li Yuan 李淵 took an extremely cautious attitude about the selection of the agent on the day of the ceremony.

著者

福永 善隆

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.104, no.1, pp.1-29, 2022-06-17

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After the reign of Wudi 武帝 of the Former Han Dynasty, Censorate (yushitai 御史台) whose chief was the Middle Aide to the Imperial Secretary (Middle Aide) (yushi zhongcheng 御史中丞) was formed as an inspector organization. Up to now, that process has been discussed in the context of the formation of the Inner Court (neichao 內朝) and its growing importance. However, the relations between the Secretary of the Censorate (yushi 御史) and the Inner Court, or its core the Office of Palace Writers (the Office) (shangshu 尙書), was not fully elucidated. The traditional view of the Han Dynasty’s political and institutional history that the Inner Court take over the authority of the existing bureaucracy in the Outer Court (waichao 外朝) and the latter declined as its result has recently come under doubt. This study explores the relations between the Secretary of the Censorate and the Inner Court or the Office and demonstrates the evolution of the former in the bureaucratic structure in the latter half of the Former Han Dynasty, which is being reexamined from a new perspective. Attendants in the Inner Palace, who were the members of the Inner Court officials, had the same authority of inspector and impeachment as the Middle Aide. The “Meeting of Officials in the Inner Court,” the general meeting of the officials involved with the Inner Court, had a role as a kind of inspector to denounce the illegality of the Chancellor (chengxiang 丞相) and the Imperial Secretary (yushi dafu 御史大夫), who were in charge of the Outer Court. The authority of inspection is understood to have originally belonged to the Inner Court as a whole. However, the Middle Aide had no direct relation to the Imperial Court (jinzhong 禁中), which was the space where the Inner Court officials worked. On the other hand, the Office, the core of the Inner Court, also inspected and impeached. This study therefore focused on the consideration through the Office, which had the office space in the Imperial Palace, like the Middle Aide. At the end of the Former Han Dynasty, the Office became involved in the personnel matter of officials higher than the 600 picul level (liubai dan 六百石). We can regard this as the consequence of the improvement of the personnel system via the introduction of the investigation by the Office since the reign of Xuandi 宣帝 and Yuandi 元帝. The Office seemed to use the provincial director’s reports (cishi zoushi bu 刺史奏事簿) as one of the reference materials for investigation. In other words, its involvement in the performance assessment would be institutionalized using the lines of command and control between the Middle Aide to the Imperial Secretary and the provincial directors. On the other hand, the Middle Aide is thought to have gained more authority to inspect counties as time went on. It is obvious that the performance assessment and inspector and impeachment are inextricably linked. Hence, we can safely conclude that the deepening of the Office of Palace Writers’ involvement in the personnel matter of high-ranking officials concurred with the expansion of the inspection discharged by the Middle Aide to the Imperial Secretary.

著者

秦 裕也 藤崎 ちえ子

出版者

徳島文理大学

雑誌

徳島文理大学研究紀要 (ISSN:02869829)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, pp.93-100, 2018-09-09 (Released:2019-02-20)

参考文献数

4

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本稿は,通級に通う不登校ぎみの小学校1 年男児のプレイセラピーの事例を通して,セラピールームでの児童の行動化への対応と課題を検討したものである。児童は発達の緩やかさから学校での劣等感を抱え,それがセラピーでの攻撃行動に表現されていたと思われる。また,セラピー経過の途中より,母親の恋人との問題が浮上し,児童の攻撃行動が学校での人間関係だけでなく,家庭の問題とも関係している可能性が考えられた。しかし,セラピストは「受容的な関わり」に捉われたあまり,攻撃行動に対して明確な枠組みで制限を加えることができなかった。そのため,なかなか攻撃行動は収まらなかったと思われる。事例を通して,限界を超えた行動に対しての明確な枠を設けることの重要性を検討した。

著者

本田 悠貴 斉藤 翼 井尻 敬

雑誌

エンタテインメントコンピューティングシンポジウム2022論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, pp.160-163, 2022-08-25

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筋力トレーニングには筋肉量の増加や病気の予防などの利点がある一方で、モチベーション維持が難しいという課題がある。そこで本研究では、筋力トレーニングのモチベーションを維持することを目的として、トレーニング種目とユーザを自動的に推定できる、加速度センサを利用したスマートダンベルを提案する。このダンベルを小規模なグループで共有し、トレーニングを実施することで、トレーニング種目・トレーニング回数・利用したユーザが自動的に推定・可視化され、グループ内でのモチベーション維持が期待できる。

出版者

中日ドラゴンズ

巻号頁・発行日

1965

著者

青木 繁 天谷 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本応用数理学会

雑誌

応用数理 (ISSN:24321982)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.121-129, 2000-06-15 (Released:2017-04-08)

参考文献数

10

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After a brief description about the ill-posed inverse problems which are discretized with the finite element method etc., a method for solving such problems is presented with a practical example. This method consists of the following procedures. 1. The singular value decomposition of the coefficient matrix is performed, and then the rank is appropriately reduced. 2. A set of solutions is represented by Moore-Penrose's solution and the null space. 3. The solution is obtained by fuzzy reasoning using the set of solutions and sets of fuzzy priori information. Following three studies are presented: a study which the Kalman filtering technique is applied to estimate the material parameters of two nonlinear constitutive equations, A method for obtaining the optimal experimental/measurement procedure for general estimation problems, and a method (GA filter) for non-linear state space estimation using genetic algorithm.

著者

松橋 啓介 森口 祐一

出版者

Geographic Information Systems Association

雑誌

GIS-理論と応用 (ISSN:13405381)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.115-120, 2000-03-31 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study is to improve methods estimating for the distribution of population along urban roadways with heavy traffic in order to account the population exposed to serious noise or air pollutant. Recently, a census covering the whole country provides the population data with the Basic Unit Blocks and the locations data of its center point. Population density in the range of every 10 meters from the roadway is estimated by allocating the population data into the polygon data of blocks on the market. For more detail, the number of population could be allocated into polygon of buildings according to floor space and floor uses. The linear approximation of census population data could be applied for estimating the spatial distribution of people, if the polygon data are not available for the targeting area.

著者

伊神 正貫 松本 久仁子 山下 泉 科学技術予測・政策基盤調査研究センター

出版者

科学技術・学術政策研究所

雑誌

調査資料 (Research Material)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.322,

著者

Jung-Kyu Han Youngchul Shin Hyo-Soo Kim

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.12, pp.1925-1933, 2022-11-25 (Released:2022-11-25)

参考文献数

84

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Advances in nuclear reprogramming technology have enabled the dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation of mammalian cells. Forced induction of the key transcription factors constituting a transcriptional network can convert cells back to their pluripotent status or directly to another cell fate without inducing pluripotency. To date, direct conversion to several cell types, including cardiomyocytes, various types of neurons, and pancreatic β-cells, has been reported. We previously demonstrated direct lineage reprogramming of adult fibroblasts into induced endothelial cells (iECs) in mice and humans. In contrast to induced pluripotent stem cells, for which there is consensus on the criteria defining pluripotency, such criteria have not yet been established in the field of direct conversion. We thus suggest that careful assessment of the status of converted cells using genetic and epigenetic profiling, various functional assays, and the use of multiple readouts is essential to determine successful conversion. As direct conversion does not go through pluripotent status, this technique can be utilized for therapeutic purposes without the risk of tumorigenesis. Further, direct conversion can be induced in vivo by gene delivery to the target tissue or organ in situ. Thus, direct conversion technology can be developed into cell therapy or gene therapy for regenerative purposes. Here, we review the potential and future directions of direct cell fate conversion and iECs.

著者

藤田 敬三

出版者

経済資料協議会

雑誌

経済資料研究 (ISSN:03853586)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.29-34, 1974-11-15

著者

見留 広海 Mitome Hiroumi

出版者

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)

巻号頁・発行日

2016

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2015

著者

日比谷 孟俊

出版者

国際浮世絵学会

雑誌

浮世絵芸術 (ISSN:00415979)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.158, pp.45-67, 2009 (Released:2021-03-31)

著者

桐村 喬

出版者

Geographic Information Systems Association

雑誌

GIS-理論と応用 (ISSN:13405381)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.81-92, 2007-12-31 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2 2

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There are two important problems in clustering of small area statistics: handling of outliers in small area statistics and complexity of spatial distribution of typologies created by classifying small areas. The purpose of this paper is to show a procedure of geographical clustering using small area statistics in order to solve these problems. According to the results of two examinations, Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) constraining the range of updating weights is better classifier than K-means. As to the issue of simplifying spatial distribution of typologies, we showed that there are relations between the level of the spatial smoothing and the spatial extent of the study area.