著者
辰沼 広吉
出版者
慶應義塾大学体育研究所
雑誌
体育研究所紀要 (ISSN:02866951)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.1, pp.p1-6, 1975-12

Introduction: While climbing mountains, the direct object is nature, therefore, consideration is given to the methods of recognition of nature, subjects to which recognition is to be given and techniques by which such recognition is to be exerted. Main subjects: 1) Recognition of physical nature As to the recognition of nature, we have a great number of discourses written since many years ago. Here, I like to take up the subjects of perceptive recognition; they are "Material" such as mountains, ice, snow, etc. which are commonly experienced, and can be seen and touched by us. These perceptive subjects are recognized as those in which sensory subjects are consolidated. These subjects represent the physically so-called facts which are observed directly and macrospically. Observations of this kind can average the movements of molecules which vary considerably. In some cases the difference in movements is large enough to make it enable to record only the general non-equilibrial error as if in the case of the movement of an object. If further studies are given to sensory subjects which are the most simple sensory subjects, objects are classified as chemical substances into objects of various kinds, and further divided into molecules and atoms. However, these physical subjects are static compound substances of molecules having the average invariability during a certain minimal period of time. However, as long as the mathematical power of probability theory is applied, we must know that there is a gap between the existence of such compound substances and the overall fact. Consequently, if a macroscopic method is used in the observation of nature, for example, an avalanche fall down to low places, which is an invariable fact. However, if consideration is given by using a microscopic method, we must be ready for admitting the limits of recognition as long as the theory of probability as existence is introduced. 2) Subjects of recognition The recognition of nature is the recognition from within nature, and the consciousness of natural relationships. Although the theory is classic, the mental phenomenon of a person who recognizes is a fact and at the same time has a meaning and value. Natural phenomena are facts and things happened. Firstly, natural phenomena and occurrences are observed by innate subjectivity which is represented by mathematics or theory. In this case experiences cannot escape from uncertainty. Especially, even if correctness is proved physically, it is not possible to include objectively all natural environmental conditions. What is called fate seems to call on us by chance, however, this is not true; in many cases we are visited by fate because we do not know all the causes which control it. Microscopically, it is impossible to predict exactly the location of an electron; it seems that the same probability theory is controlling, however, there is an essential difference in this case. Secondly, experiences are known as they really were, and foresighted recognition cannot be able to foresee exactly everything which will happen in the future. Here, there is a gap between experiences and foresighted recognition ; uncertainty of measurement is explained simply as what is unknown. As long as what has been said is admitted, it cannot but be said to be subjective. Results of observations rather show possibility than mathematical facts; this possibility will merely allow a probable conclusion as to some of future results. However, important is human relations with the general order, and in order to avoid partial contingency, it is essential to move by looking at the general order. Thirdly, the subject of recognition is the personality which points meaning and value to natural phenomena, and is the experiential subject which grasps historical and social actualities. For instance, mountain-climbing acts are moved by some motive, and mountains are climbed because the act is liked. Nextly, there is a process where the meaning and value are considered; and further, it is usual that danger makes its appearance. It is at this point that value and danger are often weighed, and as a result, an attitude to permit danger of some degree is generated naturally. 3) Techniques and the subject-environment medium (Description is omitted). Conclusion: Mountain climbing acts should in principle be made by recognizing macroscopically the order of nature in accordance with the law of cause and effect. On the other hand, inevitability and contingency must be recognized by means of the method to recognize from the microscopic standpoint, however, efforts should theoretically be made so as to make contingency naught. For men, as experiential subjects, it is difficult to recognize nature because they are part of it. However, apart from this problem, as long as we climb mountains because we are fond of mountain-climbing, it is very difficult for us to escape from the act, a historical reality, from the viewpoint of inevitability. Accordingly, efforts should always be made to fill up the experiential gap by means of pursuing scientifically the causes which control partial contingency. While, if viewed from the hisorical reality point, the established social structure and its process of dynamic progress are inevitably urging us to climb mountains. This is the inevitable tendency prevailing among the mountain climbers of today. In some cases they, due to the over-recognition of value or the temporary sense of excitement, may take a process in which they as men forget the joy of living in the midst of nature. In order to prevent disorder caused by such things as partial contingency, we are required to act properly by respecting order and by recognizing the importance of relations between human beings and the order of nature. Mountain climbings ought to be made by the liking of man and based on scientific investigations, however, the present tendency is that people climb mountains under conditions in which some of danger is involved, this is the reality.
著者
渋川 瑠衣 松下 姫歌
出版者
広島大学大学院教育学研究科心理学講座
雑誌
広島大学心理学研究 (ISSN:13471619)
巻号頁・発行日
no.10, pp.171-183, 2010

近年, 大学生の自己のあり方に関して, 多様化・質的な変化を指摘する知見が多く見られるようになった。本稿では, 特に近年の学生相談の文脈で指摘されている「悩めない」大学生に注目し, その心理的特徴や自己にまつわる課題について整理した。その中で, 現代大学生の自己の特徴として, 状況依存的で, 相手に合わせて意識的・無意識的に変化するあり方があることが示された。また, 従来の一貫性の保たれた自己としてのあり方ではなく, それぞれの自己側面の繋がりが失われ解離・断片化していく新たな自己のあり方が一般化している傾向があることが推測された。本研究では更に, 自己の変動性・多面性研究に関する実証的研究を整理し, その問題点と課題を指摘した。その上で, 学生相談などの臨床場面における大学生の自己に関する理解をすすめるためには, 意識されている側面と意識されない側面を含めた大学生の自己に関する主観的体験を重視する必要性があると考えられた。
著者
福田 博同
出版者
跡見学園女子大学
雑誌
跡見学園女子大学文学部紀要 (ISSN:13481444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, pp.A95-A110, 2010-03-15

図書館は「読む自由」を保証するため、すべての人に電子資料を含む図書館資料を提供する義務がある。図書館は今や、その電子資料を作る主体でもある。ICT の発達により「読書権」を保証する機会は拡大したが、その利用方法もアクセシビリティに配慮する必要がある。公立図書館の利用教育において、児童や障害者へのサービスは古くから取り組まれているが、重複障害者や高齢者への取り組みは緒に就いたばかりである。そのような現状において、公立図書館での利用教育の課題を分析し、インターネットによる図書館利用教育を中心として、あるべき方向を論ずる。
著者
今谷 明
出版者
国際日本文化研究センター
雑誌
日本研究 (ISSN:09150900)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, pp.201-214, 2007-05

アメリカ、フランス、オランダ、ドイツ各国に於ける日本史研究の現状と特色をスケッチしたもの。研究者数、研究機関(大学など)とも圧倒的にアメリカが多い。ここ十年余の期間の顕著な特色は、各国の研究水準が大幅にアップし、殆どの研究者が、翻訳資料でなく、日本語のナマの資料を用いて研究を行い、論文を作成していることで、日本人の研究者と比して遜色ないのみか、医史学など一部の分野では日本の研究レベルを凌駕しているところもある。 このための調査旅行として、二〇〇六年八~十月の期間、アメリカのハーバード大学、南カリフォルニア大学、カリフォルニア大学ロスアンゼルス校、およびオランダのライデン大学を訪問し、ハーバード大学歴史学部長ゴードン氏以下、幾人かの日本史研究者と面談し、第一線の研究状況を直接に聴取することができた。なお、アメリカについては、日文研バクスター教授の研究を参考とし、フランスは総研大院生ハイエク君の調査を、ドイツについては日文研リュッターマン助教授の助力を仰いだことを付け加えておく。
著者
舛田 亮太 中村 俊哉
出版者
日本パーソナリティ心理学会
雑誌
パーソナリティ研究 (ISSN:13488406)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.2, pp.208-219, 2005-03-31
被引用文献数
2

本研究の目的は, 日常的解離尺度(短縮6項目版), 日常的分割投影尺度(短縮8項目版)の構成概念妥当性を検討することであった.大学生325名(平均年齢19.47歳)を対象に日常的解離尺度, 日常的分割投影尺度, 精神的健康調査票(GHQ), 解離性体験尺度(NDI, DES-Tに分類)を実施した.相関分析の結果, 日常的解離尺度においてはGHQ, NDI, DES-Tとの相関係数, またその大小関係から収束的弁別的証拠が得られ, ある程度の構成概念妥当性が示唆された.しかし日常的分割投影尺度についてはGHQ, NDI, DES-Tとの相関係数の大小関係が明確でなく, さらには日常的解離尺度との関連においてもやや高い相関があったことから, 十分な弁別的妥当性を確認できたとはいえなかった.よって今後は, 日常的分割投影尺度を更に精緻化していく必要性が示された.
著者
玄侑 宗久
出版者
新潮社
雑誌
新潮45
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.11, pp.166-171, 2011-11
著者
久光 徹 丹羽 芳樹
出版者
一般社団法人情報処理学会
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告自然言語処理(NL)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1997, no.29, pp.1-6, 1997-03-21
被引用文献数
14

情報検索や情報抽出を目的として新聞記事のように開いたテキストを形態素解析する場合,解析誤りの主因の一つは,辞書に登録されていない,社名,人名,地名等の固有名詞の存在である.本報告では,人名辞書の拡充を目標とし,漢字・片仮名表記の未登録姓名を抽出しつつ,既登録であっても,姓・名に分類されていない固有名詞を,姓・名に分類する方法について述べる.大量の新聞記事からパターンマッチにより抽出した人名候補文字列の集合を長さの順にソートし,既存の辞書と文字列の大域的な出現状況を組み合わせて,姓・名の分割を行う.高い確度で姓または名と推定される文字列が獲得された場合は,その場で辞書に追加することにより,処理の進行とともに獲得精度の向上を図る.新聞記事1年分中,「さん」の前に現れる文字列から抽出した異なり数11,123の文字列を対象とし,約25,000個の人名を含む辞書を用いて行った抽出実験の結果,新たに姓・名893個を約95%の精度で獲得し,既登録の人名3725個の姓・名判別を,約99%の精度で行った.その過程で用いた,人名接辞獲得のための効果的な支援方法についても報告する.The majority of errors in Japanese morphological analysis is caused by unknown words, most of which consists of proper names such as company names, product names, person names and place names. This paper proposes a method of acquiring unregistered person names from newspaper articles. The method also distinguishes family names from given names. Character strings which are assumed to contain person names are first extracted by pattern matching and sorted in the order of their length. Then each of the strings is divided into a family name and a given name using a lexicon and co-occurrence analysis. A newly found word having enough evidence is immediately added into the dictionary, which increases the accuracy of the following analysis. In an experiment on 11.123 different strings, 893 names were newly acquired with 95.3% accuracy and 3725 registered names were distinguished as family names or given names with 98.5% accuracy. This paper also reports an effective method of acquiring suffixes for person names.
著者
辻畑 敬治 宮川 奨蔵 大坪 茂 大野 重治 花木 功
出版者
社団法人日本鉄鋼協会
雑誌
鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.4, pp.455-460, 1960-04-01

In line with the starting of experiments on the use of self-fluxing sinter in blast furnaces, the experimental production of lime sinter using 5∿10% of lime stone was conducted at Kukioka D. L. Sintering Plant since May, 1958, and from the operation data the following items were inferred : - 1) Although in lime sinter the mean grain size was getting smaller, the amount of the fine fraction (minus five millimeter fraction) became rather decreased than in normal sinter, from which it was inferred that lime sinter was more improved in point of grain distribution. 2) Lime sinter had almost the same degree of strength as normal sinter. 3) By adding 5∿10% of lime stone, the output of sinter was increased by 4∿6.5%. When calculated in terms of iron, the output, however, was almost constant. 4) In case of using the burden of 100% lime sinter, operation was carried out with special attention paid to the control of basicity, and for that purpose such measures as the use of foreign fine ores divided into the three classes according to SiO_2 content, etc. were enforced, and, as the result, the sinter that could almost satisfy the requirements of blast furnaces was able to be produced. 5) Cost of sinter production was decreased by 2% and 5.5% by the addition of 5% and 10% of lime stone, respectively, but the cost in terms of iron was almost unchanged. For these reasons it was concluded that lime sinter was superior to normal sinter.