著者
末次 優花 日置 佳之
出版者
日本景観生態学会
雑誌
景観生態学 (ISSN:18800092)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.2, pp.209-234, 2020 (Released:2021-09-15)
参考文献数
78

ロードキルとは動物が道路上で車に轢かれ死傷する現象である.ロードキルの抑制は自然環境への影響や交通安全の観点等から重要な社会的課題である.本研究では,ロードキル記録に着目した.ロードキル記録はロードキル多発地点の特定や発生要因の解析,防止対策の提案,動物の生息状況の把握等に利用できるなど,ロードキル問題解決の基礎となる上に,生物情報という観点からも重要である.また,ロードキル記録は,悉皆データであり,多量性,多種性を持つため,記録の体系化は重要である.しかしながら,これまでの研究で,ロードキル記録の内容と体系化に問題があると指摘されている.そこで本研究では,鳥取県を事例研究地として県下全ての道路種別及び動物種におけるロードキル記録の現状と課題を明らかにし,関係各機関が行うべきロードキル記録の改善内容や方法について提案を行った.加えて,ロードキル記録に問題が生じる根本的な原因についても言及し,根本的な解決策の提案も行った.2018年から2019年にかけて,電話,メール,直接訪問により,道路管理者等,警察,県の傷病鳥獣保護窓口,博物館を対象に,ロードキルの記録状況について聴き取り調査を行った.その結果,事例研究地においては,ロードキル記録が無い機関・部署が存在したほか,記録が保管されていても,記録内容に課題があることが明らかとなった.記録不備の原因は,一部(高速道路)を除いて,ほとんどの関係機関にロードキル記録を研究や対策に活用するという認識が無く,実際に活用されていなかったことである.課題解決のためには,各機関にとってのロードキルを記録することの必要性と負担を勘案した上で,ロードキル記録の内容や記録様式を改善することが望ましい.また,ロードキル記録の問題を根本的に解決するためには,新たにロードキル記録システムを構築するとともに,法令等による制度上のロードキルの位置付けを行うことが望ましい.
著者
小杉 考司
出版者
日本基礎心理学会
雑誌
基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.2, pp.167-173, 2019-03-31 (Released:2019-05-18)
参考文献数
24

In this paper, I clarify the problem of null hypothesis significance testing along with Kruschke (2014) and point out five advantages of Bayesian statistics. First, it is not necessary to convert data for NHST. Second, additional assumptions or corrections are not required. Third, there is no need for any preliminary design of the verification plan. Fourth, the Bayesian approach allows an intuitive interpretation of results. Fifth, the sample size does not cause critical problems. Beyond these advantages, Bayesian statistics can be used alongside frequentism and likelihoodism methods. Finally, I argue it is necessary in science communication to clearly express the researcher’s premise as a prior distribution or likelihood function.
出版者
Unesco
巻号頁・発行日
1992
著者
Koji OKABAYASHI Makoto ASASHIMA
出版者
The Japan Academy
雑誌
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.7, pp.197-207, 2006 (Released:2006-11-18)
参考文献数
78
被引用文献数
1 2

Mesoderm induction as a result of the interaction between endoderm and ectoderm is one of the most crucial events in vertebrate development. We identified activin as a strong mesoderm-inducing factor in an animal cap assay, an in vitro assay system using amphibian pluripotential cell mass. Activin induces mesodermal tisswes including most dorsal mesodermal tissue, notochord (which has important roles in neural induction, somite segmentation, and endodermal organogenesis), and its effects are concentration-dependent. Animal cap cells treated with high concentrations of activin differentiate into anterior endoderm, which can act as an organizer, or center of body patterning. We have established an in vitro induction system for 22 different organs and tissues using animal cap cells, and have isolated many organ-specific genes. With these useful methods, and analysis of newly isolated tissue- and organ-specific genes, the molecular biological “road map” for organogenesis is being established. (Communicated by Masatoshi TAKEICHI, M.J.A.)
著者
遠藤諭
雑誌
情報処理
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.2, pp.182-183, 2006-02-15
著者
Shamay S.M. Ng Shirley S.M. Fong Wayne L.S. Chan Ben K.Y. Hung Ricci K.S. Chung Tina H.T. Chim Patrick W.H. Kwong Tai-Wa Liu Mimi M.Y. Tse Raymond C.K. Chung
出版者
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.6, pp.1701-1708, 2016 (Released:2016-06-24)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
1 8

[Purpose] To investigate the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the sitting-rising test (SRT), the correlations of sitting-rising test scores with measures of strength, balance, community integration and quality of life, as well as the cut-off score which best discriminates people with chronic stroke from healthy older adults were investigated. [Subjects and Methods] Subjects with chronic stroke (n=30) and healthy older adults (n=30) were recruited. The study had a cross-sectional design, and was carried out in a university rehabilitation laboratory. Sitting-rising test performance was scored on two occasions. Other measurements included ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor strength, the Fugl-Meyer assessment, the Berg Balance Scale, the timed up and go test, the five times sit-to-stand test, the limits of stability test, and measures of quality of health and community integration. [Results] Sitting-rising test scores demonstrated good to excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities (ICC=0.679 to 0.967). Sitting-rising test scores correlated significantly with ankle strength, but not with other test results. The sitting-rising test showed good sensitivity and specificity. A cut-off score of 7.8 best distinguished healthy older adults from stroke subjects. [Conclusions] The sitting-rising test is a reliable and sensitive test for assessing the quality of sitting and rising movements. Further studies with a larger sample are required to investigate the test’s validity.
著者
斎藤忠著
出版者
学生社
巻号頁・発行日
2004
著者
菊池 弘恵 長谷川 悠子 三宅 裕子 大野 典子 山根 正也 細井 慶太 閔 庚燁
出版者
一般社団法人 日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会
雑誌
日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会誌 (ISSN:18817319)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.2, pp.176-181, 2013-08-31 (Released:2016-01-26)
参考文献数
12

フィルム材の鼻根部への貼付,熱吸収シートの鼻根部への貼付と白色ワセリンの非侵襲的陽圧換気療法(Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation: NPPV)マスク面への塗布の3つの方法によるNPPVマスク接触部の皮膚の発赤発生率の低減効果を41例の患者を対象として一部前向き介入研究を含む観察研究で比較検討した.鼻根部の発赤発生はフィルムを貼付した20例では11例(55%),熱吸収シートを貼付した7例では4例(57%),白色ワセリンを塗布した例14例では1例(8%)であり,白色ワセリンが他の2法より有意に少なかった(p<0.05).また白色ワセリンのもつ,ずれ応力の低減性や保湿性は褥瘡予防ケアに基づいており,皮膚の脆弱な高齢者でも安全に使用できるだけでなく管理が簡便で経済的な方法であることが示された.白色ワセリンをマスクの皮膚接触面に塗布する方法はNPPVマスクによる皮膚障害を予防する方法として広く利用されることを推奨したい.
著者
菊池 聡 金田 茂裕 守 一雄
出版者
信州大学人文学部
雑誌
人文科学論集 人間情報学科編 (ISSN:13422782)
巻号頁・発行日
no.41, pp.105-115, 2007-03

Ninety-five undergraduates belonging to four different hobby groups took two different types of attitudinal assessment measures towards "Otaku" concept ; an implicit measure recently developed by Mori (2006) and two explicit measures developed by Kikuchi (2000). The results showed that these three measures were inter correlated and the implicit measure failed to discriminate the four groups, but most Otaku-cultured group showed a slight positive attitude towards Otaku-concepts. Being Otaku was once strongly associated with negative image among the Japanese students. However, the present results showed the Otaku image has become neutral in both implicit and explicit measures.
著者
嶋根 卓也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.133, no.6, pp.617-630, 2013
被引用文献数
8

The nonmedical use of medications, including psychotropic drugs, is a growing health problem in Japan. According to a nationwide survey of mental hospitals, the proportion of patients with sedative (mainly benzodiazepine)-related disorders has more than doubled over the last decade. An association between psychotropic drug overdose and suicide risk has also been reported. Furthermore, over-the-counter drug abuse is still a serious problem in Japan. In recent years, pharmacists have been expected to act as gatekeepers, making timely identifications of suicide risk or substance abuse and directing these individuals to appropriate medical care facilities. In August 2012, the revised Comprehensive Suicide Measures Act identified pharmacists as one professional group that should act as gatekeepers. This article begins by reviewing the fundamental terms involved in understanding the nonmedical use of medications, including abuse, dependence, and intoxication. The current situation of substance abuse and dependence is then introduced through a summary of several epidemiological surveys conducted in Japan. Finally, the role of pharmacists as gatekeepers in preventing substance abuse and dependence on medications is discussed.<br>