出版者

公益社団法人日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

関西造船協会会誌

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.1-8, 1919-12-20

著者

小林 信彦 Nobuhiko Kobayashi

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.81-196[含 英語文要旨], 2009-03

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Paul Carus (1852-1919) wrote a short Buddhist narrative called "The Spider-web" in 1894 and Teitaro Suzuki (鈴木貞太郎 1870-1966) translated it into Japanese in 1898. Ryunosuke Akutagawa (芥川龍之介 1892-1927) adapted it for children in 1918. Entitled "Kumo-no-ito" (蜘蛛の糸 a spider's thread), this adaptation was evaluated highly among Japanese critics and adopted in many schoolbooks. In spite of its high reputation among critics, however, Akutagawa's Kumo-no-ito is not a success as an adapted story. Ignorant of the Buddhist tradition, Akutagawa missed Carus's points and failed to construct a coherent story. Modern philological study of Buddhist texts was established in Europe in the nineteenth century and excellent research results were produced there. Having taken advantage of them, Carus knew much about ancient Buddhist literature. His tale is faithful to the Buddhist tradition and coherent as a whole. Carus had diligently studied Buddhism, read almost all translations of Buddhist scriptures then available in Europe, and written many books on Buddhism. So he was following the Buddhist tradition when he wrote "The Spider-web," which runs as follows: A sinner called Kandata has been suffering tortures in Hell. Having appeared on earth, Buddha sheds rays. Spreading everywhere, they reach even Hell. And he sends a spider as his proxy to Kandata, who takes hold of the web and begins to climb up. Soon he feels the thread trembling, for many sinners are climbing after him. Kandata becomes frightened and shouts, "Let go the cobweb. It is mine." At that moment, the spiderweb breaks, and all fall back into Hell. (Here the rays are a symbol of Buddha's teaching.) The meaning of this story is that it is essential to follow Buddha's teaching, according to which there exists no such thing as atman (self). The Hindus believe that an entity called "atman" subists in every human or animal body. In contrast, the Buddhists deny the existence of atman. Kandata falls back into Hell, because he proves that the illusion of atman is still upon him, saying that the cob-web is his alone. In translating "the illusion of atman (self)," the ancient Chinese used the expression "wozhi-wangnian" 我執-妄念, which means "the mistaken idea approving the existence of atman," "wo" 我 (I) being equivalent to the Sanskrit "atman." The ancient Japanese borrowed the word "wo-zhi

著者

竹澤 邦夫

出版者

一般社団法人 システム制御情報学会

雑誌

システム/制御/情報 (ISSN:09161600)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.86-91, 2010

参考文献数

22

著者

和田万吉 著

出版者

丙午出版社

巻号頁・発行日

1922

著者

佐藤 雄基 サトウ ユウキ Yuki Sato

雑誌

史苑

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.203-230, 2015-03

著者

習文社編輯部 編

出版者

習文社

巻号頁・発行日

1934

著者

櫻庭 総

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

九大法学 (ISSN:04530209)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, pp.578-488, 2007-09

著者

正本 忍

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

多文化社会研究 (ISSN:21891486)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.103-124, 2015-03-01

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This article examines the matters of personnel and organizational management put into practice by the crown in Old Regime France through the analysis of personnel transfers of police officers between different brigades of the mounted police troops (Marechaussee) in Upper-Normandy between 1720 and 1750. Personnel relocation policy was introduced in the mounted police after its total reorganization of 1720. The crown gave consideration to policemen's personal wishes to move to another brigade, but it could not force all of its members to move. Thus relocation did not function properly as a way to manage personnel matters and was not necessarily efficacious way in administering the troops of the mounted police.

著者

脇田 早紀子

雑誌

全国大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.70-71, 1997-09-24

被引用文献数

1

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日本語校正支援システムFleCSは, 92年末頃より新聞社ユーザーの実務に用いられてきた。その中で表記揺れを扱うことはよくあったが, 例えば「コミュニケーション」と「コミュニケイション」, 「行う」と「行なう」のように, 正表記と誤表記が単語単位で決まっているようなものがほとんどであった。つまり, 後者を発見したら前者に修正を求めるように禁止語辞書を作っておけばだいたい用が足りていた。ところが, 昨年より弊社の作成するマニュアル文書の校正に用いるようになって, それだけでは不便なことが増えてきた。マニュアル文書の多くは英語からの翻訳文である。一つの英単語(「target」)の訳として複数の日本語(「宛先」 「目標」 「ターゲット」)がある場合がよくあるが, そのうちのどれかだけが正しいのではなくて, ひとまとまりの複合語や分野などの状況によって決まる(「target database name」は「宛先データベース名」, 「target application name」は「ターゲット・アプリケーション名」)。複合語は次々新しく作られ, 正表記の変更もある。なにより, 誤表記は翻訳者によりまちまち(「target database name」に対して「ターゲット・データベース名」 「宛先データベースの名前」など)なことから, とても禁止語辞書のような形では抑えきれない。そこで, 比較的よくメンテナンスされている『翻訳者用辞書』を元にして, なるべく手間をかけずに翻訳文における表記揺れを検出・訂正する目的で, 『翻訳揺れ検出』を作ったので報告する。

著者

毛利 敏彦

出版者

JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, pp.128-147,L7, 1980

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In 1871, the Japanese government sent a goodwill mission to the United States of America and the European countries. This mission was led by <i>Tomomi Iwakura</i>, vice-president of minister (<i>Udaizin</i> _??__??__??_). <i>Takayoshi Kido</i>, the member of council (<i>Sangi</i> _??__??_), was appointed a vice-ambassador of the mission.<br><i>Kido</i> who belonged to the <i>Chôshû</i> faction had rivaled with <i>Toshimichi Ôkubo</i> who was the minister of finance (<i>Ôkura-kyô</i> _??__??__??_) and belonged to the <i>Satsuma</i> faction. <i>Kido</i> had opposed <i>Ôkubo's</i> policies.<br>So <i>Ôkubo</i> tried to reduce <i>Kido's</i> influence in the government. Then <i>Ôkubo</i> succeeded to isolate <i>Kido</i> from the government as a vice-ambassador of the mission.

著者

城内 忠志 田中 哲治 石崎 勝司

出版者

一般社団法人照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.12, pp.922-925, 1999-12-01

被引用文献数

1

著者

杉山 剛

出版者

早稲田大学大学院社会科学研究科

雑誌

社学研論集 (ISSN:13480790)

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.66-81, 2012

著者

髙橋 克紀

出版者

姫路獨協大学

雑誌

姫路法学 (ISSN:09149570)

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, pp.33-55, 2014-03

出版者

大阪市社会部軍事援護課

巻号頁・発行日

1939

著者

Hitomi Oda Akira Miyauchi Yasuhiro Ito Hisanori Sasai Hiroo Masuoka Tomonori Yabuta Mitsuhiro Fukushima Takuya Higashiyama Minoru Kihara Kaoru Kobayashi Akihiro Miya

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ16-0381, (Released:2016-09-22)

被引用文献数

92

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The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing rapidly in many countries, resulting in rising societal costs of the care of thyroid cancer. We reported that the active surveillance of low-risk papillary microcarcinoma had less unfavorable events than immediate surgery, while the oncological outcomes of these managements were similarly excellent. Here we calculated the medical costs of these two managements. We created a model of the flow of these managements, based on our previous study. The flow and costs include the step of diagnosis, surgery, prescription of medicine, recurrence, salvage surgery for recurrence, and care for 10 years after the diagnosis. The costs were calculated according to the typical clinical practices at Kuma Hospital performed under the Japanese Health Care Insurance System. If conversion surgeries were not considered, the ‘simple cost’ of active surveillance for 10 years was 167,780 yen/patient. If there were no recurrences, the ‘simple cost’ of immediate surgery was calculated as 794,770 yen/patient to 1,086,070 yen/patient, depending on the type of surgery and postoperative medication. The ‘simple cost’ of surgery was 4.7 to 6.5 times the ‘simple cost’ of surveillance. When conversion surgeries and recurrence were considered, the ‘total cost’ of active surveillance for 10 years became 225,695 yen/patient. When recurrence were considered, the ‘total cost’ of immediate surgery was 928,094 yen/patient, which was 4.1 times the ‘total cost’ of the active surveillance. At Kuma Hospital in Japan, the 10-year total cost of immediate surgery was 4.1 times expensive than active surveillance.

著者

蓑田胸喜 著

出版者

原理日本社

巻号頁・発行日

1933

著者

沖縄郵政管理事務所編

出版者

丸正印刷社

巻号頁・発行日

1974

著者

林 重彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.071-071, 2017 (Released:2017-03-30)

著者

末吉 亙

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.10, pp.767-770, 2013-01-01 (Released:2013-01-01)

参考文献数

2

著者

堀口 安彦

出版者

日本細菌学会

雑誌

日本細菌学雑誌 (ISSN:00214930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.219-221, 2012 (Released:2012-05-30)

被引用文献数

1