著者

李 燦雨

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.501-513, 2012 (Released:2012-12-05)

参考文献数

42

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This study investigated Korean traditional archery in the 18th century by reference to the Eosagopungcheop (records of the old custom of King's archery) of King Jeongjo, who was known for both literary and military accomplishments in the Joseon era. Through these records, we were able to obtain information on the types of archery, the variety of targets and arrows, the methods of scoring and recording, and the features of traditional archery. The findings were as follows: 1.  The arrows employed were Yuyeopjeon (willow-leaf arrow), Soso (small arrow), and Cheoljeon (iron arrow). All of them featured in examinations for military officers. 2.  In terms of quantity and frequency, the willow-leaf arrow was used most commonly. 3.  The small arrow was considered the piece arrow, which was a weapon unique to Korea. 4.  It became clear that the iron arrow, which was very heavy and thick, was used to break shields. It seems that this type of arrow was considered the most important for military officer examinations, because it played an important role in breaking down the enemy's defense in Korea, depending on the archery tactics. 5.  The targets employed included cloth targets, leather targets and a variety of other types. 6.  It was clarified that in terms of accuracy, targets were ranked in order of size. On the pierce leather target standard, the other targets appeared to be named ‘Fragment’, ‘Small’, ‘Palm’ in descending order of size. 7.  Each type of arrow was paired with a specific target. The willow-leaf arrow was paired mainly with leather targets. The small arrow was paired with both leather and cloth targets, and the iron arrow was paired with shield or club targets. 8.  According to the records, a practice session comprised basically 10 sequences, each involving the shooting of 5 arrows. 9.  The scoring system differed depending on the type of target. For leather targets, the score was separated into two hit zones: the center and the surrounding area. However, the score was not separated in this way for cloth targets. 10.  The willow-leaf arrow used on leather or club (cudgel) targets was the item to compete in accuracy. The small arrow, used mainly on cloth targets, was used in contests held on shooting ranges. The iron arrow, used mainly on shields or clubs as targets, was used for determining destructive power and accuracy. 11.  The inscriptions in the records are divided as to whether the shooting sequence was single or multiple. 12.  The records reveal that Korean traditional archery was still widely practiced at the end of the 18th century, when firearms had become common in all parts of the world.

著者

長瀬 慶來

出版者

山梨大学

雑誌

山梨大学教育人間科学部紀要 (ISSN:18825923)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.223-230, 2008

著者

BMW航空発動機会社 [著]

出版者

三菱商事機械部

巻号頁・発行日

1939

著者

今岡直子

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

外国の立法 : 立法情報・翻訳・解説 (ISSN:13492071)

巻号頁・発行日

no.264, 2015-06

著者

大塚 紀弘

出版者

青木書店

雑誌

歴史学研究 = The journal of historical studies (ISSN:03869237)

巻号頁・発行日

no.915, pp.57-60, 2014-02

著者

高橋 央

出版者

早稲田大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

早稲田大学大学院文学研究科紀要. 第4分冊, 日本史学 東洋史学 西洋史学 考古学 文化人類学 アジア地域文化学 (ISSN:13417541)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.3-16, 2010-02-26

著者

亀井 尚美 赤峰 翔 大津 一弘

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本小児外科学会

雑誌

日本小児外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:0288609X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.102-107, 2016

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磁石玩具誤飲により緊急手術を要した2 例を経験したので報告する.症例1 は1 歳5 か月女児.近医にて2 個の異物(磁石)の存在を指摘,経過観察を指示され,誤飲33 時間後に当科紹介受診となった.内視鏡的摘出を試みたが,内視鏡所見より切迫穿孔が疑われ,開腹手術に移行した.胃切迫穿孔,小腸多発穿孔,腸間膜穿孔と診断,修復された.症例2 は5 歳2 か月男児.誤飲4 日後に当科紹介受診,レントゲン上9 個の異物(磁石)を認めた.内視鏡的摘出を試みたが術中所見より切迫穿孔と診断し,開腹手術へ移行した.開腹所見より胃十二指腸切迫穿孔と診断,修復された.誤飲した固形異物の多くは自然排出され良好な経過をたどるが,危険な異物誤飲もある.複数個誤飲された磁石は腸管壁を隔てて吸着し,腸管が圧挫されて穿孔または内瘻化を起こすことがある.複数個の磁性体の誤飲は,たとえ無症状でも手術を要する可能性があり,保存的経過観察は推奨されず,できるだけ早期に摘出すべきと考えられた.

出版者

偕行社編纂部

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2, 1935

著者

[アインシュタイン著] 中村誠太郎 谷川安孝 井上健訳編

出版者

共立出版

巻号頁・発行日

1971

著者

森 佳子

出版者

[出版者不明]

巻号頁・発行日

2012

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制度:新 ; 報告番号:乙2356号 ; 学位の種類:博士(文学) ; 授与年月日:2012/2/24 ; 早大学位記番号:新5982

著者

山根 京子

出版者

養賢堂

雑誌

農業および園芸 = Agriculture and horticulture (ISSN:03695247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.11, pp.1078-1091, 2011-11 (Released:2012-12-03)

著者

宮下 健太郎

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

ワイルドライフ・フォーラム (ISSN:13418785)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.26-27, 2015-07-15

著者

吉田 直哉

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科基礎教育学研究室

雑誌

研究室紀要 (ISSN:02857766)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.51-62, 2012-06

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研究論文

著者

寺尾 寿芳

出版者

上智大学一般教育人間学研究室

雑誌

人間学紀要 (ISSN:02876892)

巻号頁・発行日

no.37, pp.79-100, 2007

著者

髙見 元敞

出版者

大阪癌研究会

雑誌

癌と人

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.17-20, 2014-05

著者

渡六之助 著

出版者

須原屋茂兵衛

巻号頁・発行日

vol.巻之1,2, 1871

著者

渡六之助 著

出版者

須原屋茂兵衛

巻号頁・発行日

vol.巻之3,4, 1871

著者

後藤 嘉宏

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

新聞学評論 (ISSN:04886550)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.1-13,195-196, 1987-04-30

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Voltaire has been generally regarded as an absolute defender of freedom of expression. But Peter Gay in his work "Voltaire's Politics"opposes this legendary image of Voltaire. I agree fundamentally with Gay's point of view bacause in "Traite sur la tolerance" Voltaire repeatedly insisted "Pas de tolerance pour les ennemies de tolerance (Never tolerate the enemies of toleration.)" In this context Voltaire can be seen as a situational defender of freedom of expression. Based on that suggestion of Gay's, I discussed Where Voltaire attempted to estabish the boundary between issues worthy of pubic discussion and those not worthy of public discussion. Further, I examined the tactical significance of Voltaire's relative idea of freedom of expression relating it to the historical situation in his day.'The enemies of toleration' in his "Traite sur la tolerance" were Catholics in authority. But French Catholics in those days were divided.The two most dominant sects were Jesuits and Jansenists. The former exerted influence on 'roi' (the court) and the latter on 'parlement'(court of justice). The court was further divided into two factions-the progressives who were on intimate terms with 'philosophes', and the conservatives who were influenced by Catholic authority. In other words, the political situation in France in the 18th cerltunry was char-acterized by critical divisions within the 'establishment'. Voltaire managed to avoid censorship by his use of rhetoric, which revealed and deepend such divisions within the establishment. I described his tactics, drawing on an example from "Traife sur la tolerance". What was intolerance for Voltaire? According to him, intolerance was caused by an insistence on a particular view of the world, specifically, the clergy regarding their particular or private view of the world as general imposed it on many people who did not have a chance to develop their own judgment. The clergy wasted their time on religious disputes, libels etc., issues not worthy of being discussed. So, Voltaire insisted that one should nerer tolerate the enemies of toleration. It is obvious from the above that Voltaire's idea of freedom of expression was not one of absolute freedom in as much as it denied freedom to libel or to conduct religious debates. But in the context of the censorship situation at the time, this idea of incomplete freedom of expression was extremely effective tactically because, according to the censorship policy of those days, which was more tolerant to books than to newspapers or pamphlets, Catholics in authority should, at least in a nominal sense, be punished more frequenthy than "philosophes".

著者

石元 清英

出版者

地域農林経済学会

雑誌

農林業問題研究 (ISSN:03888525)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.68-75, 1980-06-25 (Released:2011-09-05)

著者

羽鳥 徳太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.179-190, 1976-05-15 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

12

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The source mechanisms of eight tsunamis generated off Fukushima, the Pacific side of northeast Japan, in May to November 1938 are re-studied, making use of tide gauge records. The source areas for each tsunami inferred from the inverse refraction diagrams are shown in the bathymetric charts. The source locations moved to the north direction along the continental shelf, and the north end was in contact with the source area of the tsunami at Nov. 3, 1936. Among these tsunamis, three tsunamis were recorded in a downward direction at Onahama located near the sources, but other tsunamis began with an upward motion. According to the seismic wave data, the tsunamis of downward and upward initial motions correspond to the normal and reverse fault earthquakes, respectively. Tsunamis accompanied by earthquake of the normal fault type were generated later than those for the reverce fault earthquakes, and these source areas are located in the deep sea-bottom side. The source lengths of tsunami are 60-130km, corresponding to earthquake magnitude. A whole length from north to south ends of the sources is 200km.The calculated sea-level disturbances at the sources for each tsunami are in the range of 10-50cm which the heights nearly agree with the seismic fault models. The whole volume of the displaced water in the tsunami sources is 13×1015cm3 which is comparable to that of the 1968 Tokachi-oki tsunami (tsunami magnitude of Imamura-Iida scale m=2.5).