著者
山田 昌弘
出版者
文芸春秋
雑誌
文芸春秋
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.2, pp.174-181, 2001-02
著者
宮崎 市定
出版者
東洋史研究会
雑誌
東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.2, 1961-10
著者
Toru Takano
出版者
(社)日本内分泌学会
雑誌
Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.EJ17-0026, (Released:2017-02-02)
被引用文献数
77

Thyroid cancers have long been considered to arise in middle age and, after their repeated proliferation, resulting in further damage to the genome, they progress to more aggressive and lethal cancers. However, in 2014, some studies were reported that might lead to a marked change in our understanding of the natural history of thyroid cancer. A high prevalence of papillary carcinoma in the young suggested that the first initiation of thyroid cancer is likely to occur in the infantile period. Such a conclusion was also supported by a very slow growth rate of papillary microcarcinomas (PMCs) in an observation trial. The proliferation rate of PMCs was negatively correlated with the age, and surgery to remove PMCs did not contribute to reduce mortality from thyroid cancer. These findings strongly suggested the existence of self-limiting cancers, which are truly malignant but do not progress to lethal cancers, for the first time in human history. The early detection of self-limiting cancers results in overdiagnosis. Ultrasonographic screening of the thyroid in the young should be avoided. Lethal thyroid cancers, whose origin is still unknown, appear suddenly after middle age. In the elderly, thyroid cancers are a mixture of self-limiting and lethal cancers; thus, when thyroid cancer is detected, careful follow-up with examination of its growth rate is required.
著者
原田 正純
出版者
一般社団法人 廃棄物資源循環学会
雑誌
廃棄物資源循環学会誌 (ISSN:18835864)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.5, pp.337-343, 2011 (Released:2016-09-14)
参考文献数
20

水俣病は1956年5月に正式に確認された。原因は水俣市にある新日本窒素肥料(株)水俣工場 (現在のチッソ(株)) の廃水に含まれていたメチル水銀が魚貝類に蓄積されたことによる。それを多食した不知火海沿岸住民がメチル水銀中毒に罹患した。有機水銀中毒であるが食物連鎖を通じて起こったというその発生の特徴から水俣病と呼ばれた。1969年になって患者および家族が原因企業を相手に裁判を起こした。判決は安全性を確認しないで工場廃水を海に流したことは違法であるとして損害賠償を支払うように命じた。この判決や世論を受けて魚貝類に含まれる水銀の安全基準を0.4ppm,メチル水銀で0.3ppmとした。さらに,1962年にはメチル水銀が胎盤を通過して胎児に影響を与えることが明らかになった。患者の正確な数は不明だが約70名が確認されている。世界各地では魚貝類に含まれる微量なメチル水銀が胎児に与える影響が注目されている。各国の報告では母親の頭髪水銀値が10~20ppmでも胎児に一定の影響を与えることが明らかになっている。2011年に水銀の環境汚染に関する国際的規制が計画された。すなわち,2013年までに水銀の規制に関する国際的な条約が模索されており,日本政府はその条約に水俣条約と命名することを提案している。しかし,水俣の問題は決して終わっていない。現状ではその命名に対して異論も在る。
著者
Erdembileg Anuurad Kuninori Shiwaku Akiko Nogi Keiko Kitajima Byambaa Enkhmaa Kumiko Shimono Yosuke Yamane
出版者
(公社)日本産業衛生学会
雑誌
Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.6, pp.335-343, 2003 (Released:2003-12-11)
参考文献数
34
被引用文献数
128 279

Obesity occurs less frequently in Japanese than in various other ethnic populations. A person with abnormal glucose tolerance is often found to have one or more of the other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. This clustering has been labeled as metabolic syndrome (WHO, 1998). It was suggested that Japanese, categorized as having normal weight (BMI of less than 25.0), as defined by the WHO (2000), have an increasing tendency toward metabolic syndrome. Our objective was to analyze metabolic syndrome in “Overweight” with BMI of 23.0-24.9 in Japanese workers, and to assess the suitability for Asians of the Regional Office for the Western Pacific Region of WHO criteria pertaining to obesity (WPRO criteria, 2000). We conducted a cross-sectional study in the workplace setting and investigated the relationship between BMI classification based on WPRO criteria and metabolic syndrome by gender and age group (18-44 yr vs. 45-60 yr). Three hundred seventy-nine men and 432 women Japanese workers participated in this study. BMI were categorized as 20% “Overweight” (23.0-24.9 BMI), 20% “Obese I” (25.0-29.9 BMI) and 2% “Obese II” (over 30.0 BMI), based on WPRO criteria. Graded increases in BMI were positively associated with body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/hip ratio in both genders and age groups. A progressively increasing BMI category in the elder group aged 45-60 yr in both genders was positively related with parameters constituting metabolic syndrome. Graded increases in BMI classes in elder workers based on WPRO criteria were positively associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and “Overweight” elder women had significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The present investigation, based on the increasing risks of “Overweight” with a BMI of 23.0-24.9, suggests that WPRO criteria are suitable for Japanese workers aged over 45 yr.
著者
田近 淳 大津 直 乾 哲也
出版者
一般社団法人 日本地質学会
雑誌
地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.122, no.1, pp.23-35, 2016-01-15 (Released:2016-04-15)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
12

北海道,厚幌1遺跡で発見されたマウンドについて,トレンチ壁面の観察・記載から地すべり移動体であることを示し,その運動過程を検討した.マウンドは,主に樽前d降下火砕堆積物(Ta-d:8-9ka)起源の軽石層・岩片層・腐植層から構成され,Ta-d上位の腐植層を覆い,樽前c降下火砕堆積物(2.5-3ka)に覆われる.縦断方向の壁面では,マウンド堆積物の下底に腐植およびそれとロームの混合層からなる非対称変形構造やデュープレックスが認められた.また,堆積物にはリストリック正断層に類似した非対称伸長構造が見られた.これらのセンスはマウンドが背後の山腹から移動して定置したことを示す.このような未固結で成層した火砕物の地すべりは地震動によって引き起こされたと考えられる.14C年代と層序関係から,このマウンドを形成した地すべりの発生は補正年代で約4,600yBP以降から約2,500yBP以前までの間である.この年代は石狩低地東縁断層帯馬追断層の最新活動期と重なる.
著者
三浦 麻子 小森 政嗣 松村 真宏 前田 和甫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.86.13076, (Released:2015-03-10)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
4 17

In this article, we investigated the expression of emotional responses to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake by analyzing the frequency of negative emotional terms in tweets posted on Twitter, one of the most popular social media platforms. We focused on differences in time-series variations and diurnal changes between two kinds of disasters: natural disasters (earthquakes and tsunamis) and nuclear accidents. The number of tweets containing negative emotional responses increased sharply shortly after the first huge earthquake and decreased over time, whereas tweets about nuclear accidents showed no correlation with elapsed time. Expressions of anxiety about natural disasters had a circadian rhythm, with a peak at midnight, whereas expressions of anger about the nuclear accident were highly sensitive to critical events related to the accident. These findings were discussed in terms of similarities and differences compared to earlier studies on emotional responses in social media.
著者
Ayaka Igarashi Jun Aida Toshimi Sairenchi Toru Tsuboya Kemmyo Sugiyama Shihoko Koyama Yusuke Matsuyama Yukihiro Sato Ken Osaka Hitoshi Ota
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.JE20170330, (Released:2018-05-31)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
5

Background: Annually, more than 1.2 million deaths due to road traffic accidents occur worldwide. Although previous studies have examined the association between cigarette smoking and injury death, the mortality outcome often included non-traffic accident-related deaths. This study aimed to examine the association between cigarette smoking and traffic accident death.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study conducted between 1993 and 2013. The cohort included 97,078 adults (33,138 men and 63,940 women) living in Ibaraki Prefecture, who were aged 40–79 years at an annual health checkup in 1993. We divided participants into four smoking status groups: non-smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers who smoked <20 and ≥20 cigarettes per day. Hazard ratios (HRs) of traffic accident death were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model.Results: During 20 years of follow-up, average person-year of follow-up were 16.8 and 18.2 in men and women, respectively. Among men, after adjusting for age and alcohol intake, compared to non-smokers, HRs for traffic accident death among current smokers of <20 cigarettes/day and ≥20 cigarettes/day were 1.32 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79–2.20) and 1.54 (95% CI, 0.99–2.39), respectively. In contrast, among women, we found no association between smoking status and traffic accident deaths.Conclusion: In this prospective cohort study, we found a positive association, though marginally significant, between smoking and traffic accident death among men in Japan. Among women, because smaller number of death among smokers, adequate estimation could not be obtained.
著者
樫村 修生 南 和広 星 秋夫
出版者
Japanese Society of Biometeorology
雑誌
日本生気象学会雑誌 (ISSN:03891313)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.4, pp.139-144, 2016-12-01 (Released:2016-12-31)
参考文献数
9

本研究では,2020 年東京オリンピック開催期間と同期間の 2015 年において,暑熱曝露がもっと過酷であると想定されるマラソン選手の立場から,走行中に曝露される WBGT の計測を試みた.期間中にロードバイクに環境温度計を設置し,スタート地点からゴールまでをマラソン競技の走行スピードに相当する時速 20 km 時の WBGT を計測し,熱中症の危険性を評価した.平均 WBGT は 7 月 26 日が 30.4℃で 30℃を超え,次いで 8 月 4 日が 29.6℃,8 月 9 日が 27.0℃であった.また,平均乾球温度は,7 月 26 日が 36.9℃,8 月 4 日が 34.5℃,8 月 9 日が 32.4℃であった.平均 WBGT は,各地点においてロードバイク走行時の方が定点観測より平均 0.2±0.1℃(0.1 から 0.3℃)とわずかに低値であった.その結果,走行時に選手が曝露される WBGT は予想以上に高く,これにマラソン運動による 2 時間以上の体温上昇の負担も加わることから,熱中症を防ぎ良い成績を残すためには暑熱下トレーニングを実施し,十分な暑熱順化が必要になると思われる.この研究において,我々は 8:30 にスタート時間を設定したが,そのスタート時間をさらに早朝にシフトすることを検討する必要がある.さらに,我々はマラソンコースに多くのミストシャワーを設置し,ランナーの身体冷却を補助することが必要であると考える.
著者
Morihiro TATENO Masashi TAKAHASHI Eri MIYAKE Kazuo NISHIGAKI Hajime TSUJIMOTO Yasuyuki ENDO
出版者
公益社団法人 日本獣医学会
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.17-0039, (Released:2017-08-25)
被引用文献数
13

Gammaherpesviruses (GHVs) are members of an emerging subfamily of the family Herpesviridae. A recent study identified a novel GHV in domestic cats (Felis catus GHV1, FcaGHV1), and epidemiological surveys have found that FcaGHV1 is distributed worldwide. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of GHVs in domestic cats in Japan with a molecular epidemiological survey. Blood samples were collected from 1,738 domestic cats and GHV-derived DNA was detected with PCR in 1.3% (23/1,738) of the Japanese domestic cats. The FcaGHV1 detected in this study was very similar to FcaGHV1 detected in a domestic cat in North America. Older age (>5 years old) and Feline immunodeficiency virus infection were identified as risk factors for GHV infection.