著者
成田 健一 下仲 順子 中里 克治 河合 千恵子 佐藤 眞一 長田 由紀子
出版者
日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.3, pp.306-314, 1995-09-30
被引用文献数
22

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a self-efficacy scale (SES : Sherer et al., 1982) using a Japanese community sample. The SES comprised 23 items measuring generalized self-efficacy. The SES and other measures were administered to a total of 1524 males and females whose ages ranged from 13 to 92. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted separately for sex and age groups and the factor structures obtained from these were compared. The results revealed a clear one-factor solution for the sample as a whole. A similar one-factor structure was obtained across sex and age groups. The SES was found to have satisfactory test-retest reliability and internal consistency. The correlations of the scores on the SES with other measures, such as depression, self-esteem, masculinity, and perceived health, provided some supports of construct validity. Some evidences of the construct and factorial validity of the SES in the Japanese community sample were found.
著者
れいのるず秋葉 かつえ
出版者
現代日本語研究会
雑誌
ことば (ISSN:03894878)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, pp.87-104, 2018

<p>この研究の目的は、中世から近世、近代はじめの800年間に書かれた書簡をデータにして、日本語自称詞の歴史的変化のアウトラインを描きだすことである。まず、中世は大陸言語との接触に刺激されて「私」「某」などの和語自称詞がいくつか創出されはしたが、漢語自称詞そのものはまだ使われることがなかった。中世は「和語自称詞の時代」であった。江戸期には徳川幕府の漢学奨励政策によって有文字人口が急増し、「拙者」を代表的な例とする漢語自称詞が学者、武士その他の識者たちの間に広く普及した。しかし、江戸中期には新たな漢語自称詞「僕」が出現し、和語自称詞と「拙者ことば」を中心にした自称詞パラダイム(権力原理タイプ)は、「僕」を主体とするパラダイム(連帯原理タイプ)にシフトしていった。「僕」は封建社会のタテマエが崩れた大状況に打ち込まれた楔の役割を担いつつ、幕末乱世を生き延びて近代を支え、現代日本語の主要な男性自称詞となっている。</p>
著者
河村 たかし 鈴木 亮
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経マネー (ISSN:09119361)
巻号頁・発行日
no.323, pp.98-100, 2009-10

減税こそ政治家の仕事だぎゃぁ。今、世界にあって日本政治にないもの、それが減税です
著者
藤本 灯 韓 一 高田 智和 Akari FUJIMOTO Yi HAN Tomokazu TAKADA
出版者
国立国語研究所
雑誌
国立国語研究所論集 = NINJAL Research Papers (ISSN:21861358)
巻号頁・発行日
no.21, pp.85-94, 2021-07

京都府立大学韓国国立釜慶大学 大学院生国立国語研究所 研究系 言語変化研究領域古代の日本の辞書には,様々な構造を持つものがあり,各辞書の構成や仕様を理解していなければ解読が困難な面があった。また注文から必要な情報を抽出するためには,隈なく目視で捜索する必要があった。順不同に入り組んだ注文の情報から,効率的に目的の情報に到達するためには,注文に存在する要素の属性が,それぞれ可能な限り定義づけられているべきである。本稿では,平安時代の代表的な漢和辞書である『和名類聚抄』を例として,いかにその構造を記述することが可能か,検討し,『和名類聚抄』の内容に適したタグを設計した。There were many kinds of dictionaries in ancient Japan. Therefore, without highly specialized knowledge, it is quite difficult for users to interpret their contents. Furthermore, users have been compelled to seek the necessary information based on visual observation of the dictionaries. To effectively find the required information within a complex description, a strict definition of the contents is required.This paper thus proposes a model for such a structured description and discloses the tagged data by using Wamyō-Ruijushō, a representative dictionary of the Heian Era in Japan.
著者
小林 良樹
出版者
一般財団法人 アジア政経学会
雑誌
アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.4, pp.87-108, 2008

This paper examines the hypothesis that one of the possible reasons for the recent negative perception of Japan in China is the relatively low volume of mutual human exchange between the two countries.<br>Based on an analysis of various opinion poll data, the characteristics of Chinese perceptions of Japan can be summarized as follows:<br>(1) Since the mid-1990s, the Chinese perception of Japan has been consistently negative.<br>(2) Such a negative perception of Japan is stronger in China than in other East Asian countries.<br>(3) In terms of the medium- and long-term trend since the mid-1990s, Chinese perception of Japan has continued to worsen, which is a unique phenomenon unseen in other East Asian countries including South Korea.<br>(4) Those Chinese who have experienced direct contact with the Japanese in general have a more moderate perception toward Japan than those Chinese who have not had such experience.<br>Apart from the historical fact that Japan and China have fought against each other, such a uniquely negative perception toward Japan in China can be attributed to the following reasons:<br>(1) The strengthening of patriotic education campaigns in China since the mid-1990s.<br>(2) The upsurge in anti-China perceptions in Japan since the 1990s (which are reflected back to China).<br>(3) Misperceptions and misunderstandings at an individual level in China, mainly due to the lack of objective knowledge about Japan as well as cultural differences.<br>One of the possible reasons for the misperception and misunderstanding at the individual level in China could be the relatively low volume of human exchange between China and Japan, which is still relatively low compared with the volume of exchanges between Japan and other major Asian countries.<br>For instance, Japan's "visitor-population ratio" (ratio of the number of visitors to Japan compared to the nation's population) in 2006 is as follows: China, 0.04% (one visitor per 2,500people); South Korea, 4.14% (one visitor per 24); Taiwan, 5.61% (one visitor per 18); Hong Kong, 5.04% (one visitor per 20); Singapore, 3.12% (one visitor per 32).<br>Data analysis indicates that the current negative perception of Japan in China is unique compared with similar perceptions in other East Asian countries.<br>There are several reasons for such a situation in China, and the current situation may not be due to only one reason.<br>Nevertheless, the enhancement of human exchanges between the two countries could be useful to prevent any increase in mutual misunderstanding as well as for managing any outbursts of negative feelings.
著者
吉田 和人 山田 耕司 玉城 将 内藤 久士 加賀 勝
出版者
Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.1, pp.227-236, 2014
被引用文献数
4

The rotation speed of the ball spin has been considered a key factor in winning table tennis matches. This study quantified the rotation speed (rotations per second: rps) of service balls delivered by quarter-finalists in the 2009 World Table Tennis Championships. Ball services were recorded during the quarter-finals of both the men's and women's singles, involving 4 matches and 8 players per gender, using a high-speed video camera (1000 fps) for calculation of the rotation speed, and a standard video camera (30 fps) for distinguishing players and aces (including those touched by the receiver). Eventually, the rotation speeds of 329 services were calculated, and these ranged from 13.7 to 62.5 rps. For men, 50-60 rps was the most frequent (40.0%) range of the rotation speeds, while for women, the corresponding range was 40-50 rps (43.8%); the average (±SD) rotation speed was significantly greater for men than for women (46.0±9.0 vs. 39.2±9.3 rps, p<0.001). The fastest rotation speed was 62.5 rps for both genders. Chinese men produced a slower rotation speed than did other men (43.5±8.9 vs. 51.0±6.8 rps, p<0.001). For women, however, the rotation speed was similar between Chinese players and the others (39.9±10.2 vs. 38.5±8.2 rps). The rotation speeds of aces were scattered over a wide range of 37.0-58.8 rps for men and 27.8-62.5 rps for women, implying a weak association between aces and fast rotation. These pioneering data may help clarify some of the technical and tactical aspects of table tennis, and can be used to develop training and game strategies for successful performance.<br>
著者
橋原 孝博
出版者
日本教科教育学会
雑誌
日本教科教育学会誌 (ISSN:02880334)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.35-41, 2004-06-30

本研究の目的は,バレーボールゲームにおけるサーブ距離とサーブレシーブ成績との関係を検討することにより,フローターサーブの技術指導に関する資料を得ることであった。大学女子バレーボールの試合71セットをビデオ撮影し,再生画像をパソコンに取り込んで分析した。サーブの位置データは2次元DLT法により算出し,サーブ効果は,相手サーブレシーブ成績をサービスエース,チャンスボール,二段攻撃,コンビ攻撃の4段階評価して求めた。サーブ効果有のサーブ回数が多かった打球距離は,17mと21m付近の二ヶ所あった。サーブの打球距離が長くなれば,ボールが臨界速度に達して空中で急激な変化を生じ,サーブレシーブが難しくなる。またジャンプフローターのような,打球方向が水平に近く,助走踏切中に生じた水平方向の運動量を利用した打球速度が速いサーブを用いれば,打球距離が短くてもボールは空中で変化を生じ,サーブ効果があげられると考えられた。
著者
村上 了太
出版者
沖縄国際大学
雑誌
沖縄国際大学経済論集 (ISSN:18801706)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.1, pp.137-156, 2005-03

Altria, former Philip Morris, is now the largest cigarette manufacture in the world, except for China. The paper studies the history of the company since the era of one man business, and contemporary business strategy in the world. Under regulations of the smoking by the governments and other organisations, how does the company behave as one of going concerns? One of the solutions is to expand the market from regional- oriented business to the world, by using the method of M&A. The paper starts to survey the strategies not only in USA domestic, but in European regions. British American Tobacco, the second ranked, is more positive rival for M&A business. The differences between the two companies will be described in the paper as one of the conclusion of my study.
著者
山本 義泰
出版者
天理大学学術研究会
雑誌
天理大学学報 (ISSN:03874311)
巻号頁・発行日
no.126, pp.p1-17, 1980-03