著者

Yukari MIZUNO

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.6, pp.311-326, 2013-12-15 (Released:2013-12-17)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 2

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The deterioration of corporate performance is inevitable, and generally, corporations choose measures such as curtailing investment and reorganizing personnel. However, in the case of Kyoritsu Electric Corporation, the company's subsequent core strategy was determined amidst deteriorating performance, and aggressive investments were made in human resources, facilities, and M&A, which were deemed good opportunities. These decisions led to industrial adaptations and peripheral expansions using core technology, overseas expansion, and organizational growth in subsequent periods of economic recovery. Furthermore, before experiencing the downturn in performance, the company engaged in activities such as exploring customer-driven ideas, searching for industries with potential technology adaptation, internally retaining funds, securing procurement methods, developing an internal organizational structure, eliminating vertical organizations, and delegating authority. In other words, the company conducted organization building as a “provision” for withstanding such situations. Although Chandler (1962) advocates “structure follows strategy” for periods of organization building after growth in boom periods, the company turned recession into a turning point for growth by choosing a behavior pattern opposite to that advised by Chandler.

著者

Masato ITOHISA

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.6, pp.291-309, 2013-12-15 (Released:2013-12-17)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 2

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This paper clarifies the mechanisms and conditions for improving product development performance in overlapping development processes. The (1) product design (upstream) process and (2) mass production preparation (downstream) process are interdependent. Yet, the results of case studies of Company X revealed insufficient robustness against noise that affected product functions in Product A during process (1). In process (2), although overlapping was routinely conducted, subsequent work was subject to continuous redesigning and did not result in a shorter product lead time. In contrast, for Product B, while more man-hours were required, the robustness of preliminary information was obtained by introducing Quality Engineering (QE) in process (1). As a result, by actively utilizing preliminary information prior to production preparation, the mold designer in process (2) is able to perform a “prior examination of the mold,” using methods, such as flow analysis. Moreover, access to the product designer allows the mold designer to pinpoint manufacturability problems/issues and implement the design for manufacturing (DFM) approach prior to production preparation (drawing release). Accordingly, in addition to the exchange of preliminary information, a condition that enables substantial overlapping is the frontloading and commencement of the (2) mass production preparation process at the (1) product design stage. Consequently, meeting this condition enables a considerable reduction in the amount of redesigning required to ensure manufacturability in process (2), a substantial improvement in mass production preparation performance, and a shortening of the overall lead time.

著者

Nobuo TAKAHASHI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.6, pp.277-290, 2013-12-15 (Released:2013-12-17)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

9 15

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In Japanese companies, most of decisions at first seem to be illogical according to game and decision theories; however, they are in fact logically led by the high future parameter. In a non-zero sum environment, typified by the prisoner's dilemma game, there is no convincing equilibrium or stability. Axelrod's study on the evolution of cooperation states that players who survive are the ones who choose future cooperation over immediate benefits or revenge for past defection. In the repeated game of the prisoner's dilemma, the future parameter is defined as the probability of playing the next move. The future parameter is not simply a theoretical number; a high future parameter gives meaning to the actual behavior of organization members on the shop floor and those in the office. It forms the basis of the day-to-day experiences of Japanese company employees, giving them something from which they can derive a sense of achievement, something for them to feel worthwhile doing, and something to live for.

著者

Yuriko Oi-KANO Teruo KAWADA Tatsuo WATANABE Fumihiro KOYAMA Kenichi WATANABE Reijirou SENBONGI Kazuo IWAI

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.5, pp.363-370, 2008 (Released:2008-11-11)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

23 51

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The effects of oleuropein, a phenolic compound in extra virgin olive oil (EV-olive oil), on triglyceride metabolism were investigated by measuring the degree of thermogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretions in rats. In Experiment 1, rats were given a high-fat diet (control diet) with the oleuropein supplementation of 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg of diet (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4% oleuropein diet, respectively). After 28 d of feeding, body weight, perirenal adipose tissue, epididymal fat pad, and plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid and total cholesterol concentrations were reduced by the 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4% oleuropein diet and were significantly lowest in rats fed the 0.4% oleuropein diet, as compared with those of rats fed with the control diet. The content of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in IBAT and urinary noradrenaline and adrenaline excretions were significantly higher in rats fed the 0.1 or 0.2% oleuropein diet, as compared with those of rats fed with the control diet, although there were no significant differences in rats fed the 0.4% oleuropein diet. In Experiment 2, the effects of oleuropein on noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion were evaluated. The intravenous administration of oleuropein and oleuropein aglycone significantly increased plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations. Furthermore, oleuropein aglycone induced the secretions of noradrenaline and adrenaline about ten fold more potently than oleuropein. These results suggest that the phenolic compound oleuropein in EV-olive oil enhances thermogenesis by increasing the UCP1 content in IBAT and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretions in rats.

著者

Mikio Murata

出版者

日本数学会函数方程式論分科会

雑誌

Funkcialaj Ekvacioj (ISSN:05328721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.291-305, 2004 (Released:2004-09-15)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

5 13

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We present a new expression for the elliptic-difference Painlevé equation. As in our construction all parameters in their equations appear in a symmetric way, the permutation symmetry of the equations is immediately apparent. We present expressions for other discrete Painlevé equations, obtained in a similar way.

著者

坪井 正五郎

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

東京人類學會雜誌 (ISSN:18847641)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.54, pp.368-371, 1890-09-28 (Released:2011-12-05)

被引用文献数

1

著者

曷川 元 小川 洋二郎 青木 健 柳田 亮 岩崎 賢一

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.508-513, 2012 (Released:2012-10-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2

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Objectives: Acute hypoxia may impair dynamic cerebral autoregulation. However, previous studies have been controversial. The difference in methods of estimation of dynamic cerebral autoregulation is reported to be responsible for conflicting reports. We, therefore, conducted this study using two representative methods of estimation of dynamic cerebral autoregulation to test our hypothesis that dynamic cerebral autoregulation is impaired during acute exposure to mild hypoxia. Methods: Eleven healthy men were exposed to 15% oxygen concentration for two hours. They were examined under normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (15% O2). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the radial artery was measured by tonometry, and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) in the middle cerebral artery was measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was assessed by spectral and transfer function analyses of beat-by-beat changes in MAP and CBFv. Moreover, the dynamic rate of regulation and percentage restoration of CBFv were estimated when a temporal decrease in arterial pressure was induced by thigh-cuff deflation. Results: Arterial oxygen saturation decreased significantly during hypoxia (97±0% to 88±1%), whereas respiratory rate was unchanged, as was steady-state CBFv. With 15% O2, the very-low-frequency power of CBFv variability increased significantly. Transfer function coherence (0.40±0.02 to 0.53±0.05) and gain (0.51±0.07 cm/s/mmHg to 0.79±0.11 cm/s/mmHg) in the very-low-frequency range increased significantly. Moreover, the percentage restoration of CBF velocity determined by thigh-cuff deflation decreased significantly during hypoxia (125±25% to 65±8%). Conclusions: Taken together, these results obtained using two representative methods consistently indicate that mild hypoxia impairs dynamic cerebral autoregulation.

著者

津金澤 洋平 小林 薫 弓削 康平

出版者

日本計算工学会

雑誌

日本計算工学会論文集 (ISSN:13478826)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, pp.20070010-20070010, 2007 (Released:2007-03-26)

参考文献数

15

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位相最適設計ツールは,非常に多くの設計変数を扱うためこれまでは適用対象は専ら線形弾性問題に限られてきた.しかし,近年の計算機の性能向上は目覚ましく,今後は非線形問題への適用が期待される.著者らはCAEによるコスト削減効果が高いと言われる自動車衝突安全設計に着目し,これに役立つ位相最適設計ツールの開発を念頭に,グランドストラクチャ法による3次元骨組み構造の衝突最適設計のアルゴリズムを提案した.本研究ではこの方向の研究の一環として,自動車車体設計で重要な位置を占めている薄肉鋼構造の衝突変形時の位相最適設計アルゴリズムを提案する.この最適化アルゴリズムでは最適化を行なう際に繰り返し実施する衝突解析には,自動車の衝突解析で一般的に使われている陽的時間積分法を採用し,要素として陽的時間積分法と組み合わせると非常に計算速度が速いことで知られるBelytschkoとTsayの1点積分シェル要素を使用する.位相最適化には設計変数に局所的な密度を採用する密度法を用いる.密度法ではヤング率や降伏応力を密度のべき乗の関数と仮定し,弾塑性変形には,塑性流れ則を適用する.広く知られている均質化法を用いた位相最適化に比べ複合材のマルチスケール解析を必要としないために材料非線形を伴う最適化において計算コストの負担が軽いという長所があるが,一方でこの方法はチェッカーボード模様が設計領域内に現れやすいという実際の設計に適用する際の問題がある.この問題の対策として各種のフィルターによる除去のほか,節点に密度を配置して要素内の密度は形状関数による内挿によって決定する方法などが提案されている.本研究では後者の方法を採用し,1点積分シェル要素に対する有効性を数値例によって検討する.また本研究では構造物のエネルギー吸収量をパラメータとする目的関数を設定し,設計変数に対する感度は節点変位の履歴より差分近似によって計算する.数値例として,エネルギー吸収量最大化設計計算を示し,目的関数の収束状況,得られたトポロジーデザインの明確さなどからアルゴリズムの実用性に関する基礎的な検討を実施した.その結果,1)1点積分シェル要素に対して節点に密度を配置する法が特に面内変形によるチェッカーボードパターンの抑制に有効であること,2)一定密度以下の要素の削除アルゴリズムを節点密度法と組み合わせて使用するとより明確な位相形状が得られること,3)複数の荷重ケースに対する衝突最適化に対しても明確な位相形状が得られること,4)周期構造を有する耐衝突部材の位相最適設計にも有効なことなどを確認した.

著者

菅原 和夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.42-43, 1970-01-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

被引用文献数

1

著者

野村 秀明

出版者

日本保険学会

雑誌

保険学雑誌 (ISSN:03872939)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2012, no.616, pp.616_5-616_22, 2012-03-31 (Released:2013-08-02)

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損害保険会社の海外進出の目的は,1980年代頃迄は,海外進出した日系企業の現地でのリスクを引受けることであった。その後アジア等新興国の経済成長に伴って,ローカル市場も魅力的になってきたことから,1990年代頃から損保各社は,現地企業及び個人のリスク引受も行うようになってきた。更に2000年代以降は,M&Aも活用してより本格的にローカル市場に参入するようになってきている。こうした海外事業展開は,成長市場への布石,収入保険料及び利益への寄与,収益性の向上等を目指したものであり,ポートフォリオ分散による安定化といった効果も現れてきている。一方,現地の規制・文化に合わせた商品開発やマーケティング,リスク管理・ガバナンス態勢の強化,国内外の人材の有効活用といった課題も生じてきている。日本の損保市場拡大が見込みにくい一方,新興国等では市場拡大及び収益性が見込めることから,損保会社は様々な課題に取り組みながら,今後益々活発に海外展開を進めていくのではないかと考えられる。

著者

菅田 辰海 明見 能成 茅田 義明 許 泰一 藤原 恵

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.566-572, 1993-05-20 (Released:2011-07-25)

参考文献数

25

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We examined 13 cases of primary oral aspergillosis in adult leukemia patients.Although the patients received systemic and local antifungal treatment in laminar air-flow rooms, primary oral aspergillosis generally developed in about 20 days in association with adrop in leukocyte count to under 1, 000/mm3 after chemotherapy. The initially involved area was the marginal gingiva which was associated with necrosis and severe pain. At the same time, spiking fever of about 39°C was observed. Necrotic changes of the gingiva progressed rapidly and invasively extended from the mucosa to muscle and bone. Local aspergillosis basically disappeared when the hematologic status of the patients returned to normal levels under antifungal treatment. The prognosis of primary oral aspergillosis was relatively good. However, damaged oral tissues were easily reinfected with aspergillus during chemotherapy.These findings suggest that oral hygiene plays an important role in the development of oral aspergillosis in adult leukemia patients.

著者

Jong Ho PARK Younghoon KIM Sae Hun KIM

出版者

(社)日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.12, pp.2294-2300, 2012-12-23 (Released:2012-12-23)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

26

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Here, the impact of an extract derived from green tea (Camellia sinensis) and fermentation with Lactobacilli fermentum strain OCS19 was explored with acute alcohol-induced liver damage. The study employed the HepG2 hepatic cell line and an in vivo murine model of liver damage. L. fermentum-fermented green tea extract (FGTE) was found to possess pronounced alcohol metabolizing enzyme activity. It significantly enhanced the cell viability of HepG2 cells following of them exposure, to ethanol (p<0.05) as compared with an extract derived from Hovenia dulcis, a positive control that is known for its action as an alcohol antagonist. Our in vivo studies indicated that prior administration of FGTE to alcohol-exposed mice significantly prevented subsequent increases in blood alcohol concentration (p<0.05), in addition to the induction of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and triglycerides (p<0.05). Furthermore, the activity of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and its mRNA expression level both increased in the livers of mice treated with FGTE, similarly to the H. dulcis-treated group. Taken together, these results may suggest that green tea extract coupled with L. fermentum fermentation attenuates the risk of ethanol-induced liver damage.

著者

荻野 正

出版者

日本医用画像工学会

雑誌

Medical Imaging Technology (ISSN:0288450X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.59-64, 2011 (Released:2011-04-13)

参考文献数

5

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在宅医療とは,広義には患者と医者,医療機関が物理的に離れているときの医療行為を含むコミュニケーション形態である.情報通信技術の革新により,在宅医療の可能性は大きく進歩している.本論文では,在宅医療を情報の流れからモデル化し,そこに必要な情報通信技術要素を洗い出した.技術要素には,クラウドコンピューティング,M2M,P2Pコミュニケーション,モバイル端末などの最新技術が含まれる.各技術用途につき,最新の技術動向を紹介する.

著者

石松 春代

出版者

一般社団法人 国立医療学会

雑誌

医療 (ISSN:00211699)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.9, pp.436-443, 2001-09-20 (Released:2011-10-07)

参考文献数

5

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看護学生3年次の卒業期に事例研究を課し, その前後での学生の認識の変化を検討した. 事例研究の直前・直後・論文作成後に62名の学生について, 思考力・自己教育力についての同一の質問紙に回答してもらった.思考力は, 研究直前・直後よりも論文作成後に有意に上昇した. 自己教育力の平均値は, 全体平均得点では研究の時期による差がなく, 項目別で[看護の工夫]が上昇した. また, 学生の[向上・成長状況]の記述から「文献検索と活用ができるようになった」「多くの文献から多様な考えを知り, 知識を深めた」と述べており自己教育力への動機づけができたと推察された. 一方, 教員による論文評価は, 70%以上を到達点と考えると61.3%の学生が該当したことから, 3年生に事例研究を実施することは, 有効であったと考える.今後さらに学生の入学の初期から文献検討や文章表現力の強化に努めたい.

著者

宮本 万理子 横張 真 保科 宇秀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本造園学会

雑誌

ランドスケープ研究 (ISSN:13408984)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.5, pp.673-678, 2011 (Released:2012-09-05)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 2

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This research aimed to identify landscape characteristics based on granting style of pastureland in Shimousa plateau, Japan. To accomplish this aim, this research examined two steps. First, relationship between granting style of pastureland and land use transformation was identified. Second, relationship between granting style of pastureland and the distribution of woodlands and farmlands and the street patterns was identified. In the results, four types of landscape characteristics based on granting style of pastureland were identified: 1) inherited both the distribution of woodlands and farmlands and the street patterns, 2) inherited the distribution of woodlands and farmlands, 3) inherited the street patterns, 4) inherited neither the distribution of woodlands and farmlands nor the street patterns. Furthermore, this research examined a new conservation concept of cultural landscape in Shimousa plateau, Japan.

著者

飯田 誠之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本工学教育協会

雑誌

工学教育 (ISSN:13412167)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.18-21, 2003-05-20 (Released:2009-04-10)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1

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Internship education in Nagaoka University of Technology which was planned at the time of foundation of the university and started with the first students has been continued for 24 years. In our closely linked education system of undergraduate and postgraduate master programs, the internship is assigned a key role of connecting these course programs. Our internship is not a simple training, but requires each student to attain some achievement at the training institute, related with a relatively long training period of 4-5 months. The effect and usefulness of our system are verified by the result of questionnaires performed several years after the internship for the trainees who are now actively working in their job sites, as well as that done just after.

著者

盛永 俊太郎 栗山 英雄 青木 政春

出版者

日本遺伝学会

雑誌

遺伝学雑誌 (ISSN:0021504X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.6, pp.297-304, 1942 (Released:2007-04-04)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

1 2

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(1) Some clonal individuals of a haploid plant of Dekiyama produced, in 1933, several diploid tillers which were normal in every respects (1). In the self pollination progenies traced back to those diploid tillers, certain lines in 1936 segregated, besides the normal plants, very small and sterile individuals nearly in a monohybrid recessive ratio (Table 1). A majority of the normal plants also segregated the dwarf type next year in the same ratio.(2) At germination, most of the seeds which develop into the dwarf produce hairs very poorly on the epiblast and coleorhiza (Fig. 3). Though the dwarf is discriminated from the normal even in the first foliage stage, the distinction of the two types becomes very clear with the development of the second leaf on account of its short and narrow sheath and short and curved blade.(3) The upper epidermis of the young dwarf leaf is very characteristic for its far larger number of bulliform cells and the shortness of the ripple wall ones (Figs. 7 and 8).(4) The dwarf grows more slowly in length than the normal, though it tillers more quickly. The dwarf in maturity is smaller than the normal in every respects of the plant, and the height of the plant is only about 1/4 of that of the normal (Table 3). The development of the flower organs is poor, and no seeds are produced.(5) Micro- and megasporogenesis is carried through very regularly in the dwarf, but it can not produce any viable pollen-grains or embryo-sacs. Strange to say, a fairly large percent of ovaries contained two ovules (Fig. 16).(6) We can not tell at present whether this sterile and extremely dwarf mutant is caused by a simple factor mutation or by a loss of a small portion of a chromosome.

著者

柿田 憲広

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本医学図書館協会

雑誌

医学図書館 (ISSN:04452429)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.223-225, 2001-06-20 (Released:2011-09-21)

著者

岡野 純子

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本医学図書館協会

雑誌

医学図書館 (ISSN:04452429)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.22-28, 2002-03-20 (Released:2011-09-21)

著者

Yu-Ling SUN Chon-Ho YEN Ching-Fu TU

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0448, (Released:2013-12-12)

被引用文献数

2 21

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Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LAMP–ELISA) and with lateral flow dipstick (LAMP–LFD) are rapid, sensitive and specific methods for the visual detection of clinical pathogens. In this study, LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD were developed for the visual detection of canine parvovirus (CPV). For LAMP, a set of four primers (biotin-labeled forward inner primers) was designed to specifically amplify a region of the VP2 gene of CPV. The optimum time and temperature for LAMP were 60 min and 65°C, respectively. The specific capture oligonucleotide probes, biotin-labeled CPV probe for LAMP–ELISA and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled CPV probe for LAMP–LFD were also designed for hybridization with LAMP amplicons on streptavidin-coated wells and LFD strips, respectively. For the comparison of detection sensitivity, conventional PCR and LAMP for CPV detection were also performed. The CPV detection limits by PCR, PCR–ELISA, LAMP, LAMP–ELISA, and LAMP–LFD were 102, 102, 10−1, 10−1 and 10−1 TCID50/ml, respectively. In tests using artificially contaminated dog fecal samples, the samples with CPV inoculation levels of ≥1 TCID50/ml gave positive results by both LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD. Our data indicated that both LAMP–ELISA and LAMP–LFD are promising as rapid, sensitive and specific methods for an efficient diagnosis of CPV infection.