著者

七條 達弘

出版者

数理社会学会

雑誌

理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.253-270, 2011 (Released:2012-09-01)

参考文献数

14

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数理社会学における数理モデルと経済学におけるゲーム理論を対比しながら,社会学としての数理モデルについて論じる.意識変数を取り扱う等,主観的領域に一歩踏み込むのが社会学における数理モデルの特徴であると論じ,そのようなモデルは,たとえ,ゲーム理論の均衡分析で人々の行動を記述できる場合でも有意義であると論じる.さらに,数理社会学において土台となる基本原則を持つことを提案し,具体的に,三つの基本原則を使い,いくつかの数理モデルが,基本原則の派生型と解釈できる事を示す.

著者

山崎 升 中浜 精一

出版者

公益社団法人 高分子学会

雑誌

高分子 (ISSN:04541138)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.10, pp.804-807, 1964-09-20 (Released:2011-09-21)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

著者

小林 昌樹 小林 正人 染野 竜也 内山 弘実 小野 祐樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本放射線技術学会

雑誌

日本放射線技術学会雑誌 (ISSN:03694305)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.10, pp.1314-1319, 2011-10-20 (Released:2011-10-26)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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In Japan, various types of MRI equipment, having varying magnetic field strengths, are widely used. However, the biggest problem encountered while utilizing an MRI is the scarcity of information and guidelines pertaining to implants, internal, and external metallic objects. This leads to uncertainty when an unspecified object is encountered during an examination andcreates the possibility of performing an ambiguous MRI. Therefore, this study classified a range of objects into 12 categories using database management software. An attempt was made to create an environment where reference and comparison of products could be performed. This study also investigated the ways and extent to which medical equipment package inserts reference the MRI. With the co-operation of various corporations and the use of information such as medical equipment package inserts, product information was collected and an environment for the reference and comparison of products became available. In addition, it became apparent while examining these package inserts that orthopedic products had the least information available. It is likely that this information will be useful in medical settings and this kind of database will become increasingly necessary in the future.

著者

清水 るみ子 坂本 曜子 西澤 知子 井口 伸 山岡 由美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.9, pp.1461-1471, 2007 (Released:2007-09-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 2 4

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Various nutritional supplements have become available in recent years. However, health problems resulting from the misuse of these supplements are on the rise, and have been attributed to a lack of knowledge among consumers. In addition, a survey of university students revealed that approximately 20% of students erroneously considered nutritionally balanced supplements as substitutes for meals. Given this background, we conducted a questionnaire survey of first- and fourth-year students at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kobe Gakuin University with the objective of elucidating factors such as the awareness of supplements among pharmacy students and whether these students had a superior understanding of supplements compared to the general student population. Awareness of supplements among students was determined in terms of the degrees of emphasis on meals and supplements in nutritional intake. The proportion of students who essentially believed that “nutritionally balanced supplements can be used as substitutes for meals” did not significantly differ between pharmacy students and the general student population. In addition, only 30% of students had an accurate understanding of supplements. Following graduation, pharmacy students may become pharmacists and thus be responsible for providing directions regarding usage of supplements. These findings suggest that in order to nurture professional pharmacists, it is necessary to first implement practical nutrition education and consumer education to promote healthier dietary habits among the students themselves.

著者

Mitzi D. Clark Danny W. Scott Longying Dong Sean P. McDonough

出版者

日本獣医皮膚科学会

雑誌

獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.233-237, 2012 (Released:2012-12-29)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

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健常な表皮には少数のT細胞が常在することが,これまでヒト,マウス,ウシおよびヒツジで報告されている。しかしネコやウマでは,同様の細胞は表皮や付属器上皮に認められない。そこでイヌの表皮や付属器上皮におけるリンパ球,CD3陽性細胞(T細胞)ならびにPax5陽性細胞 (B細胞)の存在を調べるため,29頭のイヌ胸背部から生検により採材した健常皮膚を組織学的および免疫組織化学的に解析した。その結果全ての組織において,前述の細胞はいずれも認められなかった。以上より,健常イヌの表皮にはリンパ球はほとんど認められないか,存在してもごくわずかな数であることが示唆された。

著者

Danny W. Scott William H. Miller Jr.

出版者

日本獣医皮膚科学会

雑誌

獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.239-243, 2012 (Released:2012-12-29)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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Fly-bite dermatitis was diagnosed in 35 dogs, accounting for 0.4% of the canine dermatology cases and 0.1% of the canine hospital population over an 11-year period. Labrador retrievers appeared to be over-represented. Three different clinical presentations were recognized, and may be associated with the bites of Simulium spp. (black flies), Chrysops spp. (deer flies), or Stomoxys calcitrans (stable flies). The dermatoses occur during fly season in dogs that go outdoors.

著者

Danny W. Scott

出版者

日本獣医皮膚科学会

雑誌

獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.245-245, 2012 (Released:2012-12-29)

参考文献数

5

著者

杉原 喜四郎 斎藤 俊英

出版者

公益社団法人 日本分析化学会

雑誌

分析化学 (ISSN:05251931)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.139-142, 1958-03-05 (Released:2010-02-16)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 2

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試薬食塩中の不純物としての重金属をジチゾン抽出後,塩酸で再抽出してこれを蒸発乾固しポーラログラフによって定量することは,すでに鉛について行ったが,今回は銅,亜鉛について行った.操作法は,亜鉛については鉛の場合と同様であるが,銅についてはジチゾン抽出の際,ジチゾンを200倍位過剰にし,抽出時間は10分以上要した.支持塩としては前報のごとく,0.1M酒石酸+0.5M酢酸アンモン(pH:5.0),0.025Mロダンカリ+0.1M醋酸アンモン(pH:4.6)を用いた.抽出率は30%純食塩水中の15~40γの銅については約98%,10~23γの亜鉛については約101%であった.実際の試薬食塩およびチタンホワイトについて,鉛,銅,亜鉛の定量を行った.

著者

Kanami Kojo Masao Yoshinaga Yu Kucho Daisuke Hazeki Yuji Tanaka Michiyo Mizota

出版者

日本不整脈学会

雑誌

Journal of Arrhythmia (ISSN:18804276)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.61-64, 2012 (Released:2012-05-19)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2

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Secondary long QT syndrome (LQTS) is caused by several drugs, cardiac conditions, and noncardiac conditions. One of the main metabolic causes is hypokalemia. We experienced treating a boy with secondary LQTS due to primary aldosteronism. The boy had been followed annually since he was 6 years old because his resting electrocardiogram (ECG) showed a prolonged QT interval. When he was 9 years old, he developed general fatigue and myalgia. The QT interval in his resting ECG became longer and serum data indicated rhabdomyolysis. The aldosterone level was high and renin activity was low. He was diagnosed with primary aldosteronism. When we, pediatricians, see children with LQTS, we are apt to think that their condition is congenital in nature. However, secondary or acquired LQTS should be always taken into consideration and be excluded not only in adults but also in the pediatric population.

著者

Daisuke Hazeki Masao Yoshinaga Hideto Takahashi Yuji Tanaka Yasue Haraguchi Mayumi Abe Masami Koga Toshiro Fukushige Masami Nagashima

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.8, pp.1663-1669, 2010 (Released:2010-07-23)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

13 33 8

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Background: The corrected QT interval (QTc) according to Bazett's formula (QTc = QT/RR1/2) has been used in clinical practice. Bazett's formula, however, overcorrects the QT interval at fast heart rates and undercorrects it at low heart rates. Guidelines and some investigators have recommended using Fridericia's formula (QTc = QT/RR1/3) in these cases, especially in tachycardic subjects. The aim of the present study was to determine cut-offs for QTc suitable for screening pediatric subjects with prolonged QT intervals, based on manually measured values corrected by Fridericia's formula in a large number of subjects. Methods and Results: Three consecutive QT and RR intervals were measured in 4,655, 4,655, and 5,273 1st, 7th, and 10th graders, aged 6, 12, and 15 years, respectively. Each QT interval was corrected by Fridericia's formula, and mean values were calculated. Determination of the cut-offs for screening was based on the prevalence of abnormal electrocardiographic phenotypes of 1:1,164 and on the upper 0.025 percentile in the QTc distribution derived from previous studies. The tentative cut-offs suitable for screening subjects with prolonged QT intervals were 430 ms for 1st graders, 445 ms for 7th graders, and 440 and 455 ms for 10th grade boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions: These tentative cut-offs can be used to screen subjects with prolonged QT intervals in the clinical setting. Further studies are needed to confirm their validity.  (Circ J 2010; 74: 1663 - 1669)

著者

Masao Yoshinaga Yoshiaki Kato Yuichi Nomura Daisuke Hazeki Toshiaki Yasuda Kazuhiro Takahashi Takashi Higaki Yuji Tanaka Akihiro Wada Hitoshi Horigome Hideto Takahashi Kentaro Ueno Hiroshi Suzuki Masami Nagashima

出版者

日本不整脈学会

雑誌

Journal of Arrhythmia (ISSN:18804276)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.193-201, 2011-07-25 (Released:2011-08-26)

参考文献数

27

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Background: Electrocardiographic and molecular studies have clarified an association between sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and long QT syndrome (LQTS), and few data are available for the QT interval in infancy from birth to 1 year of age. Appropriate time of electrocardiographic screening is not clarified. Medical examinations during infancy are mandatory in Japan.Methods and Results: The study population included 1,058 infants. Electrocardiograms were collected with information of infants at birth and at examination. The QT intervals of three consecutive beats were measured in lead V5. Statistical analysis revealed that the following formula was appropriate to minimize the effect of heart rate for infants: corrected QT interval; QTc = QT interval/RR interval0.43. Subjects were divided into four groups as follows: 0–2, 3–6, 6–11, and 12–52 weeks of age. Tukey’s multiple comparison showed that the QTc intervals were longest (p<0.0001) in subjects who were 6–11 weeks of age.Conclusions: The QTc interval showed the highest peak at 6–11 weeks of age in infancy. The peak period of occurrence of SIDS is at approximately 2 months of age. An appropriate time of electrocardiographic screening for QT prolongation will be one month of age, and follow-up studies are needed.

著者

吉永 正夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本不整脈心電学会

雑誌

心電図 (ISSN:02851660)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.443-446, 2001-07-25 (Released:2010-09-09)

参考文献数

7

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学校心臓検診で抽出されるQT延長児のほとんどが非家族性である.溺水ニアミス例のなかには非家族性のものも含まれている.非家族性のQT延長児の運動, 特に水泳処方を検討するため, 顔面冷水浸水負荷試験を行い, QT/HR関係とQTdispersionを検討した.definite LQTS症例は, 冷水負荷中異常なQT延長を認め, QT/HR関係一次式の傾きは健常児と著明な差を認めた, 健常児の冷水負荷中のQT dispersionは心拍数に関係なくほぼ一定であった.definite LQTS患児13例のうち11例に異常なQT dispersionの増大を認めた.症状のあった例はすべてQT dispersionの増大を示していた.

著者

吉永 正夫

出版者

公益財団法人 日本心臓財団

雑誌

心臓 (ISSN:05864488)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.158-162, 2010 (Released:2011-12-20)

参考文献数

11

著者

玉田 克巳

出版者

日本鳥学会

雑誌

日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.11-19, 2008-05-01 (Released:2008-05-21)

参考文献数

30

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国内におけるワタリガラスCorvus coraxの生息状況は,北海道で稀な冬鳥とされているが,近年では観察記録が増えてきている.本研究では,釧路支庁管内において野外で確認したワタリガラスの記録をまとめるとともに,北海道東部を対象に文献調査を行い,近年のワタリガラスの生息状況と分布の変化について明らかにした.野外観察では94件の確認情報が得られた.確認情報はすべて内陸部のもので,環境は森林植生が89% を占めた.文献調査から124件の確認情報が得られ,野外観察とあわせて218件の情報が得られた.ワタリガラスは冬鳥として飛来していた.1969~1978年の間は3市町の海岸部に分布していただけである.1991~1997年には9市町,1998~2005年には16市町村で確認されており,ワタリガラスは海岸部のほかに内陸の市町村にも分布していた.北海道東部では,1990年代に狩猟と駆除によるシカCervus nipponの捕獲数が増加し,ワタリガラスがシカの残滓を食べているところも目撃されている.シカの捕獲数が増加した時期とワタリガラスの分布が拡大した時期は一致しており,シカの捕獲数増加がワタリガラスの分布拡大の一因になっていると考えられる.

著者

西川 恵三

出版者

一般社団法人 日本老年医学会

雑誌

日本老年医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03009173)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.314-317, 2012 (Released:2012-12-26)

参考文献数

7

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骨粗鬆症は,骨塩量の減少に伴い,骨折リスクが高まる全身性疾患であり,日常の生活動作(ADL)や生活の質(QOL)の低下に直結する.近年の高齢化社会を背景に,我が国での患者数は一千万人を軽く超えると推定されており,重大な社会問題となりつつある.加齢により生じる成長ホルモンや性ホルモンなどのホルモン系の機能低下は,骨粗鬆症を引き起こす大きな要因とされている1).近年,エストロゲン欠乏による骨代謝異常のメカニズムの理解は大きく進歩したが,老人性骨粗鬆症の分子機構はほとんど不明である.今回,筆者らの研究によって,間葉系細胞の分化を制御する転写因子Mafが加齢に伴い発現低下することが明らかとなったことから,老人性骨粗鬆症の発症機序には,Mafによる制御機構の破綻が関与することが考えられる.本総説では,筆者らの研究成果と最新の知見を合わせて,老人性骨粗鬆症の発症に関与する分子メカニズムを解説したい.

著者

Hiroko MIZOOKU Yumiko KAGAWA Kazuya MATSUDA Minoru OKAMOTO Hiroyuki TANIYAMA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.12-0447, (Released:2012-12-28)

被引用文献数

6

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Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of lobular dissecting hepatitis (LDH) were performed in nine American cocker spaniel dogs. Histological examination showed diffuse fibrosis with weak inflammatory reaction of extensive neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the myofibroblastic cells positive to anti-α-smooth muscle actin and anti-α-vimentin antibodies produced reticular and collagen fibers and brought about the dissection of hepatic cords and diffuse disappearance of hepatocytes. Reticular fibers invading between hepatocytes and the surrounding small group of hepatocytes were strongly positive for anti-collagen type Ⅲ and anti-collagen type Ⅳ antibodies. The positivity to anti-fibronectin and anti-laminin antibodies was frequently continuous on the basement membrane of the sinusoids of the remaining hepatic cords and between the hepatocytes. Positive findings for anti-E-cadherin antibody were not observed between the hepatocytes showing the positive findings to anti-collagen type Ⅲ and anti-collagen type Ⅳ antibodies. These results may explain the expression of fibronectin and laminin that occurs prior to the invasion of reticular fibers between the hepatocytes. The present study further suggests that expression of an extracellular matrix mainly containing of fibronectin and laminin between the hepatocytes and proliferation of collagen fibers and reticular fibers has a major role in the rupture of the hepatic cords and disappearance of hepatocytes.

著者

Kanchana POONSUK Rungtip CHUANCHUEN

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.12, pp.1575-1582, 2012 (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

6 19

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As study of multidrug efflux pumps is a crucial step for development of efflux pump inhibitors for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the objective of this study was to examine the contribution of the MexXY multidrug efflux systems and other chromosomal mechanisms in aminoglycoside (AMG) resistance in P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs and cats. Thirteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from canine and feline infections were examined for contribution of the MexXY multidrug efflux pump and four other chromosomally-encoded genes including PA5471, galU, nuoG and rplY to AMG resistance. All the isolates were resistant to multiple AMGs and expressed mexXY. Deletion of mexXY caused 2- to 16-fold reduction in AMG MICs. Overproduction of MexXY did not fully account for the observed AMG resistance. No good correlations were detected between MexXY transcription level and AMG MICs. While no mutations were found in mexZ, PA5471 expression varied and its impact on MexXY expression and AMG resistance is diverse. No mutations were found in galU. Only two isolates carried a single base change G-367-T in rplY. Complete transcription of nuoG was detected in all the isolates. In conclusion, the MexXY multidrug efflux pump plays a role in AMG resistance in the dog and cat P. aeruginosa isolates, while disruption of nuoG, rplY and galU did not have a significant impact. These results indicate the existence of uncharacterized AMG-resistance mechanisms.

著者

Mari VAINIONPÄÄ Marja RAEKALLIO Elina TUHKALAINEN Hannele HÄNNINEN Noora ALHOPURO Maija SAVOLAINEN Jouni JUNNILA Anna HIELM-BJÖRKMAN Marjatta SNELLMAN Outi VAINIO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.12, pp.1539-1544, 2012 (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 15

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The objective of this study was to compare the method of thermography by using three different resolution thermal cameras and basic software for thermographic images, separating the two persons taking the thermographic images (thermographers) from the three persons interpreting the thermographic images (interpreters). This was accomplished by studying the repeatability between thermographers and interpreters. Forty-nine client-owned dogs of 26 breeds were enrolled in the study. The thermal cameras used were of different resolutions-80 × 80, 180 × 180 and 320 × 240 pixels. Two trained thermographers took thermographic images of the hip area in all dogs using all three cameras. A total of six thermographic images per dog were taken. The thermographic images were analyzed using appropriate computer software, FLIR QuickReport 2.1. Three trained interpreters independently evaluated the mean temperatures of hip joint areas of the six thermographic images for each dog. The repeatability between thermographers was >0.975 with the two higher-resolution cameras and 0.927 with the lowest resolution camera. The repeatability between interpreters was >0.97 with each camera. Thus, the between-interpreter variation was small. The repeatability between thermographers and interpreters was considered high enough to encourage further studies with thermographic imaging in dogs.

著者

Hak-Hyun RYU Byung-Jae KANG Sung-Su PARK Yongsun KIM Gyu-Jin SUNG Heung-Myong WOO Wan Hee KIM Oh-Kyeong KWEON

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.12, pp.1617-1630, 2012 (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

21 99

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Previous animal studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into spinal cord lesions enhances axonal regeneration and promotes functional recovery. We isolated the MSCs derived from fat, bone marrow, Wharton’s jelly and umbilical cord blood (UCB) positive for MSC markers and negative for hematopoietic cell markers. Their effects on the regeneration of injured canine spinal cords were compared. Spinal cord injury was induced by balloon catheter compression. Dogs with injured spinal cords were treated with only matrigel or matrigel mixed with each type of MSCs. Olby and modified Tarlov scores, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The different MSC groups showed significant improvements in locomotion at 8 weeks after transplantation (PP<0.05). Transplanted MSCs survived for 8 weeks and reduced IL-6 and COX-2 levels, which may have promoted neuronal regeneration in the spinal cord. Our data suggest that transplantation of MSCs promotes functional recovery after SCI. Furthermore, application of UCSCs led to more nerve regeneration, neuroprotection and less inflammation compared to other MSCs.

著者

Kenji TAKATA Yoshiaki HIKASA Hiroshi SATOH

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.12, pp.1545-1550, 2012 (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

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This study elucidated differences in predisposition to the gastrointestinal adverse effects of ketoprofen between young and adult cats. Ketoprofen was administered subcutaneously (2.0 mg/kg, s.c.) once a day for 3 days. The animals were sacrificed 24 hr after final injection to allow examination of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions. Ketoprofen caused gastric lesions in adult cats (>6 months) but not in young cats (<3 months). Ketoprofen caused more severe small intestinal lesions in adult cats than in young cats. In the study of prevention of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hyperthermia using ketoprofen, young and adult cats of both sexes were administered LPS (0.3 μg/kg, intravenously), and body temperature was measured 24 hr later. Ketoprofen was administered subcutaneously 30 min before LPS injection. LPS-induced hyperthermia was almost completely inhibited by pretreatment with ketoprofen in both adult and young cats. In the pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen, plasma concentrations were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. No significant differences were observed in plasma concentrations of two mirror-image R(-) and S(+) ketoprofen between young and adult cats from 0.5–4 hr after injection. As observed in a previous study using flunixin, the degree of gastrointestinal damage was unrelated to plasma concentrations of ketoprofen. The results of this study demonstrated that ketoprofen is safer for use in young cats than in adult cats from the viewpoint of gastrointestinal adverse effects.