著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.63-72, 2002

被引用文献数

1

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This questionnaire-based research examines in what areas people have a strong desire for total risk elimination. On a seven point scale (1 =not at all to 7 =very strongly), participants in Shizuoka and Aichi prefectures rated how strongly they desire that no one should die on a range of 61 items. Items were chosen from previous studies that investigated people's risk perception of a variety of technologies, activities, and incidents. Some items were added to the list because they were heavily discussed public issues at the time in Japan (for example, dioxin or bullying at school) .The results showed that desire for zero risk is relatively weak in the areas of voluntary activities, interpersonal conflicts, and natural disasters. On the other hand, technologies related to atomic energy, medical treatment, bullying at school, and handgun use were the highest rated among the 61 items. The reason people desire zero risk regarding these items is discussed and compared to previous research dealing with people's desire for severe restrictions on technologies and activities that are perceived to be risky.

著者

横井 良典 中谷内 一也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第85回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.PC-022, 2021 (Released:2022-03-30)

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近年,「人工知能(AI)が人間の仕事を奪う」,「AIが人間を打ち負かす」といったことが議論されている。人間がAIに競争で負けとき,その敗因をどう推察するのかという原因帰属が検討されなければならない。なぜなら,原因帰属は将来の取り組み,感情,自尊心といった多くの変数に影響するからである。AIに負けたときの原因帰属を検討するために,大学生74名を対象に実験室実験を行った。AIと戦うAI条件,人間と戦う人間条件を設けたが,条件に関わらず,参加者はAIと対戦した。人間条件の参加者は事前に「別の参加者と戦います」と教示された。競争課題として,棒取りゲームというオリジナルの課題を使った。このゲームでは,参加者は必ず負けるように仕組まれていた。ゲーム終了後,参加者が敗因をどこに帰属しているのかを測定した。また,同じ相手に再挑戦したいかどうかを行動反応として選択させた。分析の結果,AI条件,人間条件に関わらず,参加者は自身の能力が最も大きな敗因であると帰属していた。再挑戦の選択に関しては,AI条件,人間条件ともに,再挑戦したい参加者の割合は少なかった。

著者

土田 昭司 木下 冨雄 中谷内 一也 田中 豊

出版者

The Society for Risk Analysis, Japan

雑誌

日本リスク研究学会誌 (ISSN:09155465)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.2_45-2_55, 2009 (Released:2012-03-09)

参考文献数

11

著者

中谷内 一也 渡部 幹

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.235-243, 2005

被引用文献数

1

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This research examined the effects of providing a monitoring and self sanctioning system, called "hostage posting" in economics, on the improvement of trustworthiness. We conducted two questionnaire-type experiments to compare the trust-improving effects among the three conditions, (a) a voluntary provision of a monitoring and self-sanction system by the manager, (b) an imposed provision, and (c) an achievement of satisfactory management without any types of provisions. Total of 561 undergraduate students participated in the experiments. Results revealed that perceived integrity and competence were improved to almost the same level in both conditions (a) and (c), whereas these were not improved in condition (b). Consistent with our previous research, these results showed that the voluntary hostage posting improved trustworthiness level as well as a good performance did. The estimation of necessity of the system, however, was not different across these conditions. The implications for management practice and directions for future research were discussed.

著者

長谷 和久 中谷内 一也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16064, (Released:2017-11-10)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3

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Literature in the field of regulatory focus theory argues that individuals who are promotion-focused in creativity-related tasks are more successful than those who are prevention-focused. However, recent studies have shown that prevention-focused individuals are persistent when solving tasks, potentially leading to improved task performance. This study, which considered two kinds of regulatory focus (chronic/situational), investigated the hypothesis that prevention-focused individuals employ a persistent style when performing creative tasks. A Japanese version of the Remote Associates Test (RAT) was used as a creative task, and subjective depletion after the RAT, as well as the time spent deciding to skip RAT items, were measured as indicators of persistence. The results showed that both chronic and situational prevention focuses made participants more depleted than did the promotion focus. Furthermore, in the situational promotion-focus condition, chronic prevention focus made participants more depleted and lengthened the time taken to skip items. Thus, chronic prevention focus promoted persistence in a regulatory nonfit condition (i.e., situational promotion focus).

著者

尾崎 拓 中谷内 一也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.175-182, 2015-03-20 (Released:2015-06-07)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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A recent controversy in the literature on protection behavior is whether individuals’ heightened risk perception boosts precautionary behavior toward disasters. We conducted a preliminary experiment (n=108) where risk perception and response efficacy were manipulated based on protection motivation theory (PMT). Contrary to the prediction of PMT, neither variable prompted actual preparedness behavior. In the main experiment (n=113), we examined the effects of two social factors (an informational variable and a relational variable) on preparedness behavior. Descriptive norms, defined as information about majority behavior, were manipulated as the informational variable. The possibility of exchanging stored food was manipulated as the relational variable. Descriptive norms influenced actual food storage behavior, but potential for food exchange did not. Participants’ attitude and intention to store food were not influenced by the two variables, suggesting that descriptive norms directly influence preparedness behaviors.

著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.171-177, 1998-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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Even when the amount of loss reduction is exactly the same, a protective action that leaves no loss may be valued more than others that leave some. It is called “zero-risk effect, ” which was examined in this study. One hundred and forty-four undergraduates rated their willingness to pay (WTP) for three protective actions that would leave 800, 400, or 0 deaths. Results showed that the WTP difference between actions resulting in 400 deaths and no death was larger than that between actions resulting in 800 deaths and 400 deaths. The effect was shown not only in a negative framing condition, but also in a positive one. The results thus established the robustness of zero-risk effect, which cannot be explained in terms of the negative framing effect. Finally, implications for risk management and risk communication were discussed.

著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.89-95, 2021-01-25 (Released:2021-02-25)

参考文献数

25

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On April 15, 2020, one member of the Cluster Intervention Group, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, released his risk assessment, which stated that 420,000 people in Japan would die from COVID-19 if no countermeasure is taken. His prediction was criticized for causing excessive anxiety in people and atrophying the national economy. This article discusses whether such a form of risk assessment inflames public emotions. The problem was examined based on the three models in decision-making and risk perception research: the value function of prospect theory, the two-factor model of risk perception, and the dual-process theories. From these perspectives, it was tentatively concluded that no matter how large the number of deaths that are forecasted is, it is difficult for statistical risk assessments to cause excessive fear in people.

著者

中谷内 一也 野波 寛 加藤 潤三

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.205-216, 2010 (Released:2010-02-20)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 2

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本研究の目的は,沖縄県赤土流出問題を題材として,環境リスク管理組織への信頼が,一般住民と被害を受けてきた漁業関係者との間でどのように異なるかを検討することであった。何が信頼を導くのかという問いへの,社会心理学の長年にわたる標準的な回答は,能力認知と誠実さ認知が信頼を導くというものである。これに対して,リスク研究分野で注目されている主要価値類似性モデル(SVSモデル)は,人々が,リスク管理者に対して自分たちと同じ価値を共有していると認知することこそが信頼を導く基本要因だと主張する。われわれは両モデルが統合可能であると考えた。すなわち,当該環境問題に利害関係の強い人びとは主要価値が明確であるので,SVSモデルが予測するように,価値の類似性評価によって信頼が導かれる。一方,直接の利害関係にない人びとの信頼は代表的な信頼モデルが予測するように,能力評価や誠実さ評価によって導かれる。この統合信頼モデルを検証するために,沖縄県宜野座村をフィールドとして質問紙調査を実施し,一般住民(n=234)と漁業関係者(n=72)から回答を得た。分析の結果は仮説をおおむね支持するものであり,利害関係の強い漁業関係者の信頼は価値類似性評価と関連し,一方,一般住民の信頼は能力評価と関連することが見いだされた。最後に,今回の知見がリスク管理実務に与える示唆について考察した。

著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

同志社大学

雑誌

挑戦的萌芽研究

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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災害のリスク管理の研究領域では、近年、人々のリスク認知と実際の準備行動とが結びついていないこと -リスク認知パラドクス- が問題となっている。もし、リスク認知パラドクスが本当ならば、人びとにリスクの高さが伝えられ、理解されても対処行動にはつながらないことになる。このため、リスク認知パラドクスは問題となる。本研究では調査データをリスク認知から準備行動への正のパスと逆方向への負のパスとを組み込んだ構造方程式で分析した。その結果、両者が相殺し合って表面的にパラドクスであるかのようにみえることが示された。また、小さな災害準備の提供が第一歩となって人びとの準備行動を促進させる可能性が示唆された。

著者

柴田 侑秀 中谷内 一也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本リスク学会

雑誌

リスク学研究 (ISSN:24358428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.29-36, 2020-09-25 (Released:2020-10-09)

参考文献数

25

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In the field of fear of crime, literature has yet to confirm a causal relationship between people’s estimated damage of crime and fear of crime. This study examines this potential relationship by providing participants with information about the severity of crime victims’ injuries. Survey data were collected from 336 participants. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: in the first condition, information about the severity of crime victims’ injuries was presented, and in the control condition, information unrelated to crime was presented. The results revealed that the participants who perceived a decrease in the amount of estimated damage had a diminished fear of crime. However, the experimental operation did not significantly affect the estimated damage.

著者

中谷内 一也 長谷 和久 横山 広美

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.2, pp.171-178, 2018-06

著者

長谷 和久 中谷内 一也

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.6, pp.556-565, 2018-02

著者

中谷内 一也 長谷 和久 横山 広美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

被引用文献数

4

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<p>This study examined whether people's level of basic scientific knowledge is associated with their anxiety levels pertaining to a wide range of hazards. We conducted a nationwide survey and collected data from a highly representative sample (<i>N</i> = 1,073). Participants rated their anxiety level regarding 51 hazards as well as their level of trust in organizations regarding the management of each hazard. Additionally, they answered 11 basic scientific knowledge questions. The results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the level of people's basic scientific knowledge was associated with the level of anxiety they felt about hazards, even after controlling for the effects of sex and trust level. However, the results also suggested that the explanatory power of knowledge was low. The interpretation of these results is discussed with a focus on the deficit model of science communication.</p>

著者

尾崎 拓 中谷内 一也

出版者

The Japanese Society of Social Psychology

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.175-182, 2015

---

A recent controversy in the literature on protection behavior is whether individuals' heightened risk perception boosts precautionary behavior toward disasters. We conducted a preliminary experiment (<i>n</i>=108) where risk perception and response efficacy were manipulated based on protection motivation theory (PMT). Contrary to the prediction of PMT, neither variable prompted actual preparedness behavior. In the main experiment (<i>n</i>=113), we examined the effects of two social factors (an informational variable and a relational variable) on preparedness behavior. Descriptive norms, defined as information about majority behavior, were manipulated as the informational variable. The possibility of exchanging stored food was manipulated as the relational variable. Descriptive norms influenced actual food storage behavior, but potential for food exchange did not. Participants' attitude and intention to store food were not influenced by the two variables, suggesting that descriptive norms directly influence preparedness behaviors.

著者

松本 隆信 塩見 哲郎 中谷内 一也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.201-207, 2005

被引用文献数

2

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Risk communication is defined as a reciprocal information process between experts and the public concerning some type of risk. Previous studies have not adequately addressed the evaluation of risk communication made by the information source and experts of risk management organizations. The present study examined the evaluations of communication dealing with the risk of nuclear power generation by of public relations officers at a power company. The results showed that messages which elaborated on not only the benefits, but also risk involved in nuclear power, were evaluated as being more fair, honest and self-assuring than those which described only the benefits. Furthermore, two-sided messages were expected to elicit sympathy and trust from the receiver of the messages. These results demonstrated empirically that information sources regard the risk communication as being necessary and useful.

著者

中谷内 一也 工藤 大介 尾崎 拓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.139-147, 2014

被引用文献数

7

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This study investigated the levels of public trust in organizations associated with the Great East Japan Earthquake. In Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 639), the levels of trust in eight organizations as well as the determinants of trust–perceived salient value similarity (SVS), ability, and motivation– were measured twice, first immediately after the earthquake and then a year later. The results indicated that the trust levels for six of the eight organizations had been preserved, supporting the double asymmetric effect of trust. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that SVS explained trust more when the organization had been less trusted. Trust in the organization explains well the perceived reduction of the target risk. The results of SEM in Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 1,030) replicated those of Study 1, suggesting the stability of the explanatory power of the determinants of trust. Implications of the study for risk management practices are discussed.

著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

日本応用心理学会

雑誌

応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.73-78, 2012-07

著者

中谷内 一也 小嶋 外弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.220-226, 1988-10-31 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of prior knowledge in consumers' decision making processes. Sixty-four subjects were asked to choose the best car from among seven alternatives for a hypothetical user. Information-acquisition sequence data were analyzed. The results indicated that consumers with high knowledge searched for information by brand more than those with low knowledge, who, on the other hand, searched for information much more by attribute than by brand. These results suggest that more knowledgeable consumers employ decision strategies which generate and use representations of candidate brands, and that less knowledgeable consumers employ strategies designed to narrow down the brands in terms of attribute.

著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.5, pp.467-472, 2011 (Released:2012-02-27)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 4

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The present research investigated the relationship between public anxiety about a variety of risks and trust in the management of each risk. Adults (N = 2200) were selected from the residents' basic registers using a stratified two-step random sampling method. Of this sample, 1192 (54.2%) rated their anxiety toward 51 kinds of risks and their trust in the management of each risk. Six-point scales were utilized for their ratings. The results demonstrated that the more the risk management was trusted, the less the risk was of concern. The basic statistics for the trust ratings are provided for the discussion of societal risk governance. The implications and limitations of the present findings are discussed.