著者
上原 俊介 船木 真悟 大渕 憲一
出版者
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
雑誌
実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.32-42, 2011 (Released:2011-08-30)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1

人間関係に関して怒りが果たす重要な役割とは,相互作用を制御している関係規範,つまり相互の欲求に応じる責任を浮き彫りにすることである。この見方にしたがえば,他者が個人的欲求に応じなかったとき,親密他者に対しての方が,非親密な他者に対してよりも,怒り感情は強いと予想される。だが,本研究では,関係規範の違反に対する怒り反応は,種々の状況要因によって調整されると仮定して,以下の仮説を検討した。すなわち,親密他者が欲求に応じなかったときに非親密他者よりも怒りが強いのは,相手が特異的欲求に応じなかった場合(仮説1)と,個人が欲求情報を伝達しなかった場合(仮説2)に限られるであろうと仮説を立てた。大学生75名を対象にシナリオ調査を実施した。要因計画は人間関係(親密vs.非親密)×欲求の種類(特異的vs.非特異的)×欲求情報の伝達(ありvs.なし)である。各参加者は,人間関係と欲求情報伝達の水準を変化させた4バージョンのシナリオのうちひとつに配置された。特異的欲求と非特異的欲求のシナリオはいずれのバージョンについても含まれている。各シナリオを読んだ後,参加者はそのとき感じた怒りの強度を評定するよう求められた。分析の結果,仮説1は支持されたが,仮説2は不支持であった。これらから,親密他者に向けた怒りは利己心を反映している可能性が示唆された。
著者
大渕 憲一
出版者
東北大学文学会
雑誌
文化 (ISSN:03854841)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.1・2, pp.1-25, 2014-09-24
著者
川嶋 伸佳 大渕 憲一 熊谷 智博 浅井 暢子
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.63-74, 2012-01-31 (Released:2017-02-22)

Although public concern about social inequality has increased, Japanese people generally do not appear to be actively engaged in activities for social reform. We hypothesized multiple levels in the perception of unfairness-micro-unfairness based on personal experiences and macro-unfairness based on evaluation toward the whole of society-and predicted that micro-unfairness would lead to more protests compared to macrounfairness (H1). We also hypothesized that three psychological variables-immutability belief, low social efficacy, and estimated costs of social changes-would regulate the positive relationship between multiple levels of perceptions of unfairness and protests (H2). The results of the social survey held in Japan in 2009 (n = 1398) not only supported H1 but found that the effects of micro-unfairness on protests varied depending on the strength of macro-unfairness. In addition, the results of immutability belief and the estimated costs of social changes basically supported H2, but the results of low social efficacy did not.
著者
大渕 憲一 川嶋 伸佳 青木 俊明
出版者
Japan Society of Civil Engineers
雑誌
土木学会論文集D (ISSN:18806058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.3, pp.325-339, 2008

1902名の市民に対する2度の社会調査によって社会資本整備に対する公共評価の構造を探り,意思決定領域で行政優先,住民優先,手続き的公正,結果領域で事業利益,住民弊害,広域弊害,分配的公正の計7次元を抽出した.現在の政策に対して回答者は全般的に批判的だが,行政優先と事業利益の2次元は満足度と正の関係を,手続き的公正と広域弊害の2次元は負の関係を示した.自民党支持者は事業利益と行政優先の2次元を重視し,弊害,公正さ,住民意思などの次元は軽視した.野党支持者や支持政党なしの回答者はこれと正反対だった.高所得者の評価は自民党支持者と類似していたが,行政に対する信頼は低かった.高学歴者は手続き的公正や弊害を重視する反面,事業利益に注目するなど多面的な評価を示した.
著者
大渕 憲一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.2, pp.113-124, 1987-06-30 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
73
被引用文献数
11 4

In this review, the author theoretically and empirically examined motives and interpersonal functions of aggression. A factor-analysis of Averill's questionnaire items on anger revealed that motives involved in aggressive responses were clustered into two groups: the hostile and the instrumental. It was also clarified that an individual is likely to engage in aggression particularly when some hostile motives are evoked. Concerning the interpersonal functions, the author proposed that aggression might serve four principal goals. (1) Aggression can be generated as an avoidance response to an aversive stimulus, such as frustration, annoyance, or pain, and so on. It depends on the severity of the stimulus. It was however emphasized that aggression is also mediated by social cognition, such as an attribution of intent to a harm-doer. (2) Aggression can be used as a means of coercing the other person into doing something. An individual is likely to use such a power strategy if he/she is lacking in self-confidence or a perspective for influencing the target person by more peaceful strategies. (3) Aggression can be interpreted as a punishment when it is directed toward a transgressor. In this case, aggression is motivated by restoration of a social justice, and thus its intensity is determined by the perceived moral responsibility of the transgressor. Further, it was indicated that aggression is intensified if it is justified as a sanctional conduct against the immoral. (4) Aggression can be also evoked when an individual's social identity is threatened. It was suggested that impression management motives are involved in aggression by an unexpected finding that the presence of audience or the identifiability rather facilitated retaliative aggression. The aggression-inhibition effect of apology was also explained in terms of impression management. In conclusion, it was presented that aggression is a behavioral strategy as an attempt to resolve interpersonal conflicts including physical or psychological annoyance, the other person's disobedience, perceived injustice, and a threat to one's social identity. Whether one's aggression is performed or not depends on a number of intea- and inter-personal determinants, particularly on social cognitive processes such as attribution, inference, prediction and other judgements.
著者
中川 知宏 仲本 尚史 國吉 真弥 森 丈弓 山入端 津由 大渕 憲一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.90, no.3, pp.252-262, 2019 (Released:2019-08-25)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
1

The aim of this study was to investigate why certain youths identify with delinquent groups by examining specific factors that increase identification with them, such as intergroup relationships. Specifically, we hypothesized that the permeability of group boundaries would moderate the effect of group discrimination on identification with a delinquent group. In total, 96 male youths were recruited from four juvenile classification homes. The results revealed that youths who perceived group boundaries with lower compared with higher permeability cognitively identified with delinquent groups more strongly when perceiving group discrimination from teachers or the police; this finding supported our hypothesis. No other significant interaction effect was observed. Conversely, in terms of affective identification, we found an unexpected interaction between the permeability of group boundaries and group discrimination from peers. Overall, the findings did not support our hypothesis. However, some of the results suggest that delinquent youths may be able to decrease cognitive group identification by having friends outside of the delinquent group, even if they experienced discrimination from conformity groups such as teachers and the police.
著者
高田 奈緒美 大渕 憲一
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.3, pp.208-218, 2009-02-27 (Released:2017-02-10)
被引用文献数
3

In distinguishing internal forgiveness and forgiving behavior, we attempted to identify different motives for these two modes of forgiveness and to examine the effects of interpersonal relationships with offenders and the motives behind forgiveness. Participants recalled personal episodes in which someone hurt them and rated the episodes in terms of the closeness between them and the offender, forgiveness, and the motives for forgiveness. A factor analysis of the motives produced 6 dimensions: need for acceptance, maintenance of relationship, pervasiveness of negative event, maintenance of social harmony, non-commitment, and consideration. We regarded consideration and pervasiveness of negative events as altruistic and the others as egocentric motives. Noncommitment did not correlate with either forgiveness or forgiving behavior. Need for acceptance correlated only with forgiving behavior. Other motives were positively correlated with both internal forgiveness and forgiving behavior. Our results showed that the maintenance of a relationship was highest in conflicts with high-close others. They also showed that need for acceptance, pervasiveness of a negative event, and maintenance of social harmony were higher in conflict with high-close and middle-close others than with low-close others.
著者
大渕 憲一 川嶋 伸佳 青木 俊明
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集D (ISSN:18806058)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.3, pp.325-339, 2008 (Released:2008-07-22)
参考文献数
23

1902名の市民に対する2度の社会調査によって社会資本整備に対する公共評価の構造を探り,意思決定領域で行政優先,住民優先,手続き的公正,結果領域で事業利益,住民弊害,広域弊害,分配的公正の計7次元を抽出した.現在の政策に対して回答者は全般的に批判的だが,行政優先と事業利益の2次元は満足度と正の関係を,手続き的公正と広域弊害の2次元は負の関係を示した.自民党支持者は事業利益と行政優先の2次元を重視し,弊害,公正さ,住民意思などの次元は軽視した.野党支持者や支持政党なしの回答者はこれと正反対だった.高所得者の評価は自民党支持者と類似していたが,行政に対する信頼は低かった.高学歴者は手続き的公正や弊害を重視する反面,事業利益に注目するなど多面的な評価を示した.
著者
田村 達 大渕 憲一
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.2, pp.165-171, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-08)
被引用文献数
1

Assuming that labels describing a victim as a dehumanized entity reduce a harm-doer's control over aggressive behavior, we attempted to examine the effects of such labels on levels of aggression. A one-on-one fighting video game was used in order to conduct this experiment. During the game, 63 male undergraduates exhibited uncomfortable noises to an opponent who was given either a dehumanizing or anonymous label. We predicted that the dehumanizing label would decrease empathetic concern for, and increase both perceptual and outward hostility towards the opponent (this was measured by high levels of noises during matches). To examine the question of whether the dehumanizing label actually lessens aggressive behavior, or in fact motivates aggressive behavior, we compared the effects of the label on levels of aggression observing whether the opponent showed hostile behavior or not. The results partially-supported our hypothesis. Although the dehumanizing label did not directly increase aggression, further analysis showed that it indirectly increased aggression by lowering empathetic concern for the opponent. Similarly, our results suggested the possibility that dehumanizing labels may in fact increase aggressive behavior in people.

1 0 0 0 OA 怒りの動機

著者
大渕 憲一 小倉 左知男
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.4, pp.200-207, 1985-10-30 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
11
被引用文献数
3 3

We administered Averill's questionnaire on “the everyday experience of anger” to 123 adults and 130 university students who lived in Osaka, Japan. They were asked to rate their recent anger episodes in terms of the instigator, motive, response, etc. It was found that (1) there were two factor dimensions in the motives of anger which were interpreted as hostile and instrumental motives; (2) hostile anger was more aroused when the instigators were not so familiar to them and had authority over them, while instrumental anger was more aroused when the instigators were their loved ones or friends; (3) hostile anger, compared with instrumental, was intensified principally when the subjects perceived their instigators had malicious intent; and (4) the subjects who felt hostile anger, compared with instrumental, were likely to wish to commit aggression against their instigators.
著者
熊谷 智博 大渕 憲一
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.3, pp.200-207, 2009-02-27 (Released:2017-02-10)
被引用文献数
4

In intergroup conflict a third party sometimes intervenes aggressively into the interactions between the concerned parties, escalating the conflicts. We hypothesized that the third party will become aggressive if they perceive that a fellow member of their group, with whom they strongly identified themselves, is harmed by the other group and that the perception of harm is more definitely determined by unfairness than by the objective severity of the harm. Group identification was manipulated by cooperative ingroup activities. Half of the participants observed that an ingroup fellow member was harmed by an outgroup member based on unfair evaluation, while the others observed that the harm was given based on fair evaluation. They were then given a chance to retaliate against the harm-doer by creating unpleasant noises. The results indicated that both aggressive motivation and behaviors were increased by unfair harm only when participants strongly identified with the ingroup. The group identification did not affect the perception of unfairness. These results suggest that symbolic or psychological harm affects third-party aggression.
著者
大渕 憲一
出版者
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会
雑誌
実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.2, pp.175-179, 1982-02-20 (Released:2010-11-26)
参考文献数
14
被引用文献数
1 1

被害の大きさが等しい事態で, 欲求不満の帰因情報を操作することによって, 被害者の攻撃反応が変化するかどうかが欲求不満物語を使って検討された. 男女80名の大学生に対して2種類の状況を描いた欲求不満物語が呈示され, 5質問測度によって被害者の欲求不満行動が評定された. 測度毎に, 性別 (2) ×帰因情報 (攻撃意図, 過失, 利他的動機, 事故) ×物語状況 (2) の分散分析が行われ, 次のような結果を得た. (1) 攻撃意図が最も被害者の攻撃反応を強く誘起し, 次いで過失, 利他的動機, 事故の順となった. この順序は不合理判断次元に対応すると思われる. (2) 内面的情緒反応 (怒り) にも同様の条件差が観察され, 欲求不満の不合理性と攻撃反応の関係については, 反応抑制説よりも動因低減説が有力視された. (3) 欲求不満反応を帰属過程が媒介する仕組について, 阻止者への自由の帰属と態度推測のふたつの見解に関する証拠が提出されて議論された. いずれも肯定的に結論付けられた. (4) 男女差は利他的動機による阻止行動をどれくらい合理的とみなすかに関して生じた. 女性は個人の行動が家族に制約されることを受け入れ傾向があると推論された.
著者
大橋 英寿 安保 英勇 吉原 直樹 大渕 憲一 石井 宏典 中村 完
出版者
東北大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
1998

1.ボリビアのオキナワ移住地出身者が組織する関東ボリビア親睦会の参与観察、および会員の追跡調査を実施し、移民労働者の移民コミュニティの形成過程、日本と南米を結ぶインフォーマルなネットワークについて分析した。2.日系外国人労働者の人口比率が全国-高い群馬県大泉町において、日系外国人労働者の子弟教育をめぐる問題、とくに学校不適応や非行行動についてフィールド調査を行い、外国人労働者の定住化傾向が子弟に与えている影響について検討した。3.宮城県多賀城市に在住する-日系人家族について一年余にわたるインテンシブな事例研究を継続し、労働観、子弟教育問題について、家族ダイナミクスの観点から分析した。4.1990年代初頭から岡山県総社市で働く日系出稼ぎ青年の事例研究を行い、日本国内で形成された互助ネットワークとそこから析出される生活戦略について検討した。5.沖縄県において1950年代から1960年代のボリビア移民送出に関する資料を収集した。また若干名のボリビアから沖縄県への帰郷者の事例研究を実施した。6.ボリビアからアルゼンチンへ転住した沖縄系移民の独立自営過程を互助集団「講」に焦点をあてて調査研究し、その組織原理がエスニシティよりも対面関係にもとづく信頼性であることを明らかにした。7.オキナワ移住地内および周辺ボリビア人の保健行動とヘルスケアシステムを把握するために実施したアンケート調査結果の集計・分析を行った。
著者
福島 治 大渕 憲一 小嶋 かおり
出版者
日本社会心理学会
雑誌
社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.2, pp.103-115, 2006

We examined the effects of multiple goals on verbal responses in an interpersonal conflict situation. Participants who had high or low levels of concern for the personal resource talked with an experimental actor and were made to believe that trained observers would evaluate his or her ability to cooperate or to be assertive based on their conversation. Then, they experienced a conflict resulting from an irrational demand that the actor expressed either politely or impolitely. Participants chose an integrative strategy in the presence of any two of the following conditions: low levels of participants' own concern for the personal resource, observers who would evaluate participants' ability to cooperate, and the actor's use of polite expression. When the opposite conditions applied the participants chose a distributive strategy. In addition, it was found that when a participant's level of concern for the personal resource was high, the use of a polite expression increased the likelihood of a mitigating strategy being adopted whereas the use of an impolite expression increased the likelihood of a hostile strategy being adopted. The results are discussed in light of tactical decision-making processes proposed by the multiple goals theory.
著者
大渕 憲一 佐藤 弘夫 三浦 秀一
出版者
東北大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2010-04-01

仏教、儒教、神道等の伝統的思想は慣習、習俗、処世訓として日本人の生活に深く浸透し、現代日本人の価値観にも影響を与えているとの仮定のもと、伝統的価値観を測定する質問紙尺度を作成し、その信頼性と妥当性を検討するとともに、日本と同じ東アジア文化圏に属する中国と韓国、それにこれとは異なる文化圏に属するアメリカにおいてこれを施行し、伝統的価値観の国際比較を試みた。その結果、この価値観が多様な側面を包含する多元性を持つものであること、東洋に固有のものではないこと、神道に類似の価値観が日本以外の国にも見られること、年代差は4カ国に共通で、概ね、年長者ほど伝統的価値観が強いことなどが見いだされた。