著者

小村 健人 向井 喜果 安藤 温子 井鷺 裕司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.91-102, 2020 (Released:2020-05-21)

参考文献数

37

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動物食性動物の食性解析は、採餌行動の直接観察が困難な生物の基礎的な生態情報を探るための有効なツールとして、植物食性動物の場合と同様に脊椎動物を中心に近年研究が盛んである。植物食性動物を対象にした解析と大まかな解析手順は大きく異ならないが、植物食性動物の場合と比較して複数のマーカー領域を使用する場合が多く、さらに捕食者のDNA配列が被食者のものと似通っている場合がある。本来ターゲットではない捕食者のDNA領域が過剰に増幅することを防ぐためには、ブロッキングプライマーを使用することが有効である。本章ではミズナギドリ類とトキを対象にした研究を例に糞の採取、DNA抽出、ユニバーサルプライマーの選定、ブロッキングプライマーの設計、PCR、解読した塩基配列の分類群同定に関して解説した。

著者

梅田 慈子 三串 伸哉 天笠 光雄 小村 健 植松 宏

出版者

Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)

雑誌

Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences (ISSN:13428810)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.69-77, 2011 (Released:2016-09-12)

参考文献数

26

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Objectives: This study investigated the effects of reclining position on swallowing functions in the patients who had undergone surgery for oral tumors. Subjects and Methods: 53 Patients after oral tumor surgery who had undergone the videofluoroscopic swallowing study in the sitting position and reclining position were sampled. We measured Oral transit time (OTT), Pharyngeal transit time (PTT), Penetration-Aspiration scale, Locating of the leading edge of bolus at swallow onset, Route of bolus transit and Transit velocity. Results: Laryngeal penetration and aspiration were less likely to occur in the reclining position. The mean OTT was significantly shorter in the reclining position than in the sitting position. The leading edge of bolus at swallow onset was significantly lower in the reclining position than in the sitting position. The bolus went along the posterior wall of the pharynx in more patients in the reclining position. The mean PTT and the transit velocity did not significantly differ between the reclining position and the sitting position. Conclusion: This study suggested that, in patients after surgery on oral tumors, the reclining position is a useful posture to aid oral transit and to readily prevent aspiration and laryngeal penetration.

著者

廣野 哲朗 小村 健太朗 藤本 光一郎 伊藤 久男 ジェームズ モリ ジロウ 佐藤 比呂志

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.2, pp.323-342, 2013-04-25 (Released:2013-05-31)

参考文献数

111

被引用文献数

2 2

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Several fault-drilling projects have been conducted with the common aim of seeking direct access to zones of active faulting and understanding the fundamental processes governing earthquakes and fault behavior, as well as the factors that control their natural variability. Here, we review recent scientific drilling projects related to the Nojima Fault which slipped during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, the Chelungpu Fault which slipped during the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake, the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth, and the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment. We also briefly introduce the ongoing drilling research by the Geophysical Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault Zone, the Deep Fault Drilling Project at the Alpine Fault, and the Japan Trench Fast Drilling Project. One of the main findings of fault-drilling research is a better understanding of the physico-chemical processes of the primary slip zone during an earthquake, which is closely related to the mechanism of dynamic fault weakening. In the case of the Chelungpu fault, integrated research with borehole experiments, core sample analyses, and numerical simulations were performed, and the results indicate that thermal pressurization occurred during the 1999 earthquake, explaining the peculiar seismic behavior during the earthquake. These fault-drilling projects related to active faults certainly improve our knowledge and understanding of earthquakes. In addition, we discuss new technical problems related to handling core samples, identifying the latest slip zone, and overprinting by ancient earthquake events.

著者

小村 健 原田 浩之 生田 稔 島本 裕彰 富岡 寛文 釘本 琢磨

出版者

一般社団法人 日本口腔腫瘍学会

雑誌

日本口腔腫瘍学会誌 (ISSN:09155988)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.132-139, 2014-12-15 (Released:2015-01-09)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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今日,口腔の進行再発癌に対して最も高い根治性を希求しうる治療としては,唯一,手術療法と考えられる。しかし進行再発癌であるがゆえに切除範囲や手術侵襲も大きくなり,術後の機能面や整容面での障害も大きくなる。また可能なら術後に放射線療法や化学療法などの補助療法が考慮されるが,その予後は悪い。原発巣再発癌の手術適応については,rT1-4aと一部のrT4b(咀嚼筋間隙浸潤や翼状突起浸潤例は適応あり,頭蓋底浸潤例や内頸動脈包含例は適応なし)と考えてきた。進行原発巣再発(rT3,rT4)例で救済手術を施行しえた症例の治療結果は,他院初回治療例では13例中9例が無病生存し,当科初回治療例では9例中5例が無病生存中であった。進行局所再発癌の手術においては拡大手術が必要となり,それに伴い再建手術が必須となる。一次治療において手術が行われている症例では,再建皮弁や吻合血管にも制約が加わることがあり,術前には十分なICとともに,周到な治療計画の立案と,術後には支持療法を含めより慎重な管理が必要と考えられる。

著者

末岡 茂 田上 高広 堤 浩之 長谷部 徳子 田村 明弘 荒井 章司 山田 隆二 松田 達生 小村 健太朗

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.1, pp.84-101, 2010-02-15 (Released:2010-05-21)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

9 8

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Quantitatively estimating denudation is generally difficult because it essentially involves the removal and loss of materials in situ. The denudation rate of mountainous areas in Japan has commonly been studied from the volume of sediment in a basin or catchment. Nonetheless, the availability of these methods is constrained spatially by upstream area and temporally by depositional age. In the last few decades, thermochronometric methods that evaluate thermal history using radiometric-dating methods have been used to evaluate the denudation and tectonic history of orogenic belts around the world. The advantages of thermochronometric methods are that we can calculate the denudation rate at each sampling point and that combining multiple methods and/or target minerals enables us to calculate denudation rates in multiple periods. However, thermochronometric methods have been applied to areas with extraordinarily high denudation rates in island arc areas such as Japan. Thus, the effectiveness of thermochronometric methods for estimating denudation rates in island arc areas has not been demonstrated. We applied apatite and zircon fission-track thermochronometry to granitic rock samples collected from outcrops and a borehole to estimate the tectonic history of the Rokko area, southwest Japan. Previous studies suggested that the Rokko Mountains have been uplifted by active faulting along their northern and southern margins during the Rokko movements, a Quaternary tectonic movement in the Kinki district. However, the tectonic history of the Rokko area prior to 1 Ma has not been revealed due to a lack of prevalent geologic markers. We estimated average denudation rates in various periods based on apatite and zircon FT ages and previously reported radiometric ages. We obtained denudation rates at about 0.04-0.10 mm/yr after about 30 Ma, 0.05-0.7 mm/yr during 50-30 Ma, 0.7-4.0 mm/yr during 70-50 Ma. The denudation rate after the deposition of the Kobe Group (36.9-30.4 Ma) is estimated to be in the 0.01-0.1 mm/yr order, while bedrock uplift rate after about 1 Ma is estimated to be about 0.5 mm/yr. Thus, the tectonic activity of the Rokko Mountains area prior to 1 Ma has been relatively low.

著者

安藤 温子 小村 健人 向井 喜果 安藤 正規 井鷺 裕司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生態学会

雑誌

日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.71-75, 2020 (Released:2020-05-21)

参考文献数

28

著者

大町 浩史 原田 清 佐藤 昌 盛島 聖子 樺沢 勇司 丸岡 豊 小村 健

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本顎変形症学会

雑誌

日本顎変形症学会雑誌 (ISSN:09167048)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.8-11, 2006-04-15 (Released:2011-02-09)

参考文献数

10

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Soft tissue changes in the chin were compared between patients undergoing sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) for mandibular setback with and without reduction genioplasty. Twenty patients with symmetrical skeletal Class III malocclusion were examined. Twelve underwent SSRO alone (group I), and 8 underwent SSRO combined with reduction genioplasty (group II). Reduction genioplasty was performed by two horizontal osteotomies, removing the bony wedge, and posterosuperior movement of the inferior segment of the chin. Lateral cephalograms were obtained preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Pre- to postoperative changes in the positions of hard-tissue points (B-point [B], pogonion [Ng], and menton [Me]) and soft-tissue B-point [sB], soft-tissue pogonion [sPog], and menton [sMe] were measured on the cephalograms. The ratio of the soft tis-sue movement to the hard tissue movement was also calculated. Though superior movement of Me was significantly larger in group II than in group I, there were no significant differences in the superior movement ratios of sMe to Me between the two groups. However, the posterior movement ratio of sPog to Pog was significantly larger in group I than in group H. These results suggest that the reduction genioplasty performed by two horizontal osteotomies, removing the bony wedge, and posterosuperior movement of the inferior segment of the chin had little effect on the posterior movement of the chin. Therefore, in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion, reduction genioplasty should be applied mainly to vertical shortening of the chin.

著者

丸川 恵理子 吉田 文彦 宮崎 英隆 櫻井 仁亨 石井 良昌 小村 健

出版者

公益社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.323-327, 2010-05-20 (Released:2013-10-19)

参考文献数

17

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The initial symptoms of leukemia include oral manifestations such as gingival hemorrhage and swelling. In patients with these symptoms, attention should be paid to the early diagnosis of acute leukemia. This report describes three cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with initial manifestations in the oral cavity.Patient 1: A 32-year-old woman. Ulcer lesions of the oral mucosa were diagnosed as decubital ulcers, and symptoms did not respond to the application of steroid ointment. She also had appetite loss, general malaise, and bloody stools. Blood examination showed a low white-cell count (1,600/μl).Patient 2: A 52-year-old man. He received anti-inflammatory treatment and had pain at the mandibular third molar region and gingival swelling, but the symptoms did not improve. At the initial visit, pericoronitis of the mandibular third molar with fever and general malaise were observed. Blood examination showed a low white-cell count (2,300/μl) and remarkably increased myeloblasts (20 %) .Patient 3: A 54-year-old woman. She received medication to treat full-mouth gingival swelling. However, fever and general malaise persisted. Blood examination showed a high white-cell count (47,000/μl).All three patients were given a diagnosis of AML on bone marrow biopsy.When the patients present with oral symptoms such as gingival swelling and ulcers accompanied by fever and general malaise, blood examinations should be promptly performed for the differential diagnosis of acute leukemia.

著者

小村 健太朗 池田 隆司 松田 達生

出版者

海洋出版

雑誌

号外地球 (ISSN:09169733)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.127-134, 2004

著者

武元 徹 樺沢 勇司 津島 文彦 平井 秀明 小村 健 原田 浩之

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.9, pp.454-459, 2016-09-20 (Released:2016-12-13)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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We report a case of chronic expanding hematoma (CEH) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region. A 48-year-old man visited our department because of a mass in the left preauricular region and trismus in November 2012. He had noticed the mass about 2 months previously, which gradually expanded. At initial presentation, examination revealed a hard elastic mass, measuring 22 mm in diameter, in the left preauricular region. The maximum mouth opening was 33 mm. Computed tomography showed a well-demarcated mass lateral to the mandibular condyle, accompanied by condylar bone resorption. On magnetic resonance imaging, the mass showed heterogeneous high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous low signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The mass showed mild uptake on 2-deoxy-2- [18F] fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography. Fine needle aspiration yielded a diagnosis of class I. The clinical diagnosis was a suspected tumor in the left TMJ region. The lesion was extirpated with the patient under general anesthesia in December 2012 and was histopathologically diagnosed as hematoma. On the basis of the clinical course and histopathological findings, the lesion was finally diagnosed as CEH. As of about 3 years after surgery, the postoperative course has been uneventful, with no evidence of recurrence.

著者

前田 顕之 大関 悟 有地 榮一郎 出雲 俊之 大鶴 洋 岡部 貞夫 小村 健 川辺 良一 桐田 忠昭 草間 幹夫 迫田 隅男 佐々木 朗 篠原 正徳 田中 陽一 中村 太保 野口 誠 又賀 泉 山城 正司

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral Oncology

雑誌

日本口腔腫瘍学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society for Oral Tumors (ISSN:09155988)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.163-175, 2007-09-15

被引用文献数

1 1

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舌癌治療ガイドラインの作成にあたり, 日本での舌扁平上皮癌治療の現状を把握するためアンケート調査を行い, 75回答の集計結果から本邦における舌扁平上皮癌治療の現状を報告した。<BR>有効回答の得られた75施設の過去10年間 (1995-2004) における総症例数は5, 906例であった。T, N分類ではT2が2, 700例 (45.7%) , N0が4, 367例 (73.9%) と最も多かった。<BR>手術療法では原発巣の切除範囲の適応基準, 頸部リンパ節転移に対する頸部郭清術および舌癌切除後の再建術における適応と術式については, 各施設とも適応基準がほぼ共通しており標準的な治療ガイドラインの作成は可能であるように思われた。<BR>一方, 原発巣や頸部の放射線や化学療法による, 術前・術後の補助療法の目的と適応が各施設それぞれに基準があり, その標準化はガイドライン作成の大きな問題点になると思われた。いずれにしても質の高いエビデンスを持つ治療法をガイドラインに盛り込む必要がある。

著者

山田 国見 安江 健一 岩野 英樹 山田 隆二 梅田 浩司 小村 健太朗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.7, pp.437-448, 2012-07-15 (Released:2012-12-04)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

4 4

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垂直変位を伴うA級の左横ずれ活断層である阿寺断層の周辺から採取された地表・ボーリングコア試料に対してフィッション・トラック法による解析を行い,垂直変位量と活動開始時期を推定した.その結果,熱年代学に基づく約70 Ma以降の阿寺断層の垂直変位量は約1 kmであり,断層を挟んだ基盤岩や地形の高度差に基づいて推定された阿寺断層の垂直変位量と変わらないこと,また現在の破砕帯内で現在の断層に沿って20 Ma頃ないしそれ以降でおそらく第四紀以前に広い範囲で加熱があったことが明らかになった.前者は阿寺断層の約70 Ma以降の総垂直変位量が現在の活動様式による垂直変位量で説明できることを意味し,現在の変位様式の活動が第四紀初頭以降に開始したという従来の見解と整合的である.後者はこの時期には既に破砕帯が存在し,おそらく断層運動が始まっていたことを示す.したがって阿寺断層の現在の活動は,かつて存在した古阿寺断層の再活動に当たると考えられる.

著者

小村 健

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.9, pp.759-766, 1995-09-20 (Released:2011-07-25)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2

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To clarify both the mechanism of parapharyngeal involvement of head and neck cancers and the clinical usefulness of parapharyngeal dissection, the routes of lymphatic flow from the oral cavity and oropharynx to the parapharyngeal space were studied using activated carbon particles CH40.The following results were obtained:1. Lymphatic flow from the posterior portion of the oral cavity and that from the oropharynx reach the parapharyngeal space through lymphatic channels in the submucosa.2. Among 6 routes of direct parapharyngeal spread of head and neck cancers, the anteromedial inferior, anteromedial superior, medial central, and anterolateral routes were found to have direction-specific routes of lymphatic flow. The flow of the former 3 routes is high, and that of the later route is low. These routes of lymphatic flow were considered to be responsible for the frequent spread of cancers into the parapharyngeal space by direct extension.3. Lymphatic flow to the parapharyngeal space drains not only into the node of Kuttner but also into the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal nodes through lymphatic vessels in the parapharyngeal space.4. Anatomically, these findings suggest that parapharyngeal dissection is very useful in the management of cancers that involve the parapharyngeal space.

著者

小村 健 山下 知巳 柳井 智恵 竹内 洋介 鈴木 晴彦 嶋田 文之 和田 勝則

雑誌

頭頚部腫瘍 (ISSN:09114335)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.50-55, 1998-03-25

被引用文献数

2

著者

小村 健 武宮 三三 牧野 修治郎 嶋田 文之

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4, pp.445-451, 1993-04-20 (Released:2011-07-25)

参考文献数

18

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Mandibular reconstruction remains one of the most challenging problems for the head and neck surgeon. Various methods of mandibular reconstruction have been described, including free bone grafts, osteomyocutaneous flaps, free vascularized bone grafts, reimplantation of treated mandibles, and reconstruction using alloplastic materials with particulate cancellous bone and marrow grafts.This paper describes the author's experience using a Dacron-urethane mandibular mesh tray filled with particulate cancellous bone and marrow for mandibular reconstruction.Six patients underwent resection of the mandible for malignant tumors, 7 for benign tumors, and 1 for radiation osteomyelitis.Immediate reconstruction was performed in 7 patients, and 5 of the 7 were successful. Delayed reconstruction was performed in another 7 patients, and 5 of the 7 were successful. The overall success rate was 71%. Mandibular reconstruction was successfully accomplished even following radiotherapy in 4 of 6 patients. The majority of the failures occurred in the first 10 days following surgery and the major factor in failure seemed to be related to intraoperative wound infection.The Dacron-urethane mandibular mesh tray has the advantage of being malleable but stiff, and can be easily cut with scissors to fit the defect. The tray is radiolucent, faciliting follow-up examinations by routine roentgenograms and radionuclide scans. It can be used either before or after radiotherapy.This reconstructive procedure is not technically difficult and does not require expertise in microvascular surgery. In selected patients, this procedure may significantly contribute to cosmetic and functional improvement following radical surgery of the mandible.

著者

小村健

雑誌

癌の臨床

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.1511-1518, 1986

被引用文献数

2

著者

小村 健 和田 重人 小野 貢伸 嶋田 文之

出版者

Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, pp.560-565, 1996-06-20

被引用文献数

2

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In squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, spinal accessory lymph node (SALN) metastasis develops infrequently, and the prognosis of the patients with SALN metastasis is extremely poor.<BR>In this paper, patients with SALN metastasis of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity were studied retrospectively. The SALN metastasis was histopathologically confirmed in 9 (5.0%) of 179 patients who underwent radical or modified radical neck dissection. The primary sites of their tumors were the tongue in 6 patients, the lower gingiva in 2, and the buccal mucosa in 1. The risk of SALN metastasis was related to the tumor spread into the oropharynx and the differentiation of the tumor, but not related to the T stage. In the patients with SALN metastasis, the mean total number of involved nodes on the affected side of the neck was 9.4. All of these patients had metastases in multiple groups of neck lymph nodes, and the majority had metastases in the upper and middle jugular groups of nodes. The mean number of involved SALNs was 2.0, and the mean size of these nodes was 0.52 cm in diameter.<BR>The outcome of treatment in the patients with SALN metastasis was poor: 1 patient was alive with no evidence of disease, and 8 patients died of disease with an average duration of survival of 8.0 months after neck dissection.<BR>To improve the prognosis of patients with SALN metastasis, both postoperative irradiation to the neck and intensive adjuvant chemotherapy should be employed.

著者

小村 健 武宮 三三

出版者

社団法人 日本口腔外科学会

雑誌

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.7, pp.1749-1754, 1985-07-20 (Released:2011-07-25)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1 1

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A 56 year-old male patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the right sublingualgland origin was reported. In this case, extensive local resection of the tumor including the dissection of the parapharyngeal space along the lingual and hypoglossal nerves was carried out in combination with radical neck dissection. Surgical treatment was followed by 60 Gy of radiotherapy.He was free of disease during the follow-up period of 9 months.Adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the sublingual gland accounted for 35 cases reported in the literature for the period of 1930-1984.

著者

小村 健

雑誌

頭頚部腫瘍 (ISSN:09114335)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.595-600, 2001-11-25

被引用文献数

1

著者

小村 健 鈴木 晴彦 竹内 洋介 原田 浩之 前田 顕之 嶋田 文之

出版者

Japan Society for Head and Neck Cancer

雑誌

頭頚部腫瘍 (ISSN:09114335)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.49-54, 2001-03-25

被引用文献数

3 1

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舌全摘出例の中には術後の誤嚥を防止するために喉頭全摘出術を併施せざるをえない症例がある。今回, 舌全摘出例における喉頭保存の限界について舌周囲の合併切除範囲との関係から検討した。<br>舌全摘出例における喉頭保存の条件としては, 心肺機能が良好で, 喉頭保存に対するモチベーションが高いことに加え, 上喉頭神経が温存され, 下顎骨の連続性が確保あるいは再獲得され, 中咽頭切除が一側壁までに限局することが挙げられた。また喉頭保存例では喉頭挙上術, 喉頭形成術, 輪状咽頭筋切断術等の誤嚥防止策が有効であるが, 甲状舌骨筋神経の温存は喉頭挙上術を補完する上からも重要と考えられた。