著者

沼津 直樹 藤井 範久 小井土 正亮

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.647-664, 2019-12-16 (Released:2019-12-20)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of this study was to clarify the biomechanical characteristics of soccer goalkeepers (GKs) diving for shots placed distantly from the GK. Fifteen collegiate male GKs and 13 collegiate male outfield players acting as strikers participated. The experimental situation involved shooting from inside the penalty area. The strikers were instructed to execute an instep kick placing the ball 16.5 m away from the GK after pushing the ball forward. The GKs were instructed to dive with a preparatory motion toward the shot ball. Three-dimensional coordinate data for the strikers and GKs were captured using 2 motion capture systems – one with 16 cameras for the GKs and the other with 8 cameras for the strikers (250Hz). The systems were synchronized with an analog signal via an A/D converter (1000 Hz) and input to a computer. The shooting areas were divided into 12 (i.e. 2 shooting directions to the right and left sides of the GKs, 2 shooting distances close to and far from the GKs, and 3 shot heights, close to the ground, and also at high and medium heights). The strikers were informed of the target shooting area randomly in each trial, and 213 trials in which the GKs dived toward shots placed in the far area were selected. We calculated the velocity of the center of gravity and the joint angles of the lower limbs. The major findings were as follows. 1) Regardless of shooting height, it appeared that the GKs performed almost the same motion until landing because they began to move after determining the diving direction. 2) In order to dive to lower-placed balls, leaning the trunk towards the diving direction was necessary to allow placement of the hand in the lower position. 3) Regardless of shooting height, the side contralateral (CS) to the leg in the diving direction had the same role of achieving movement of the center of gravity in the diving direction. 4) The GKs dived toward lower-placed shots by flexing the knee joint of their CS leg and the hip and knee joints of their ball side (BS) leg before the BS leg touched the ground. 5) The GKs dived towards individual shot heights by appropriately adjusting the posture of their BS leg before the BS leg touched the ground.

著者

高木 斗希夫 藤井 範久 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.216-224, 2010 (Released:2016-04-15)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

10 1

---

本研究では,野球における速度の異なるボールに対する打撃動作に影響を及ぼす力学的要因を明らかにすることを目的とした.速度の異なるボール(75-80km/h,100-105km/h,125-130km/h)を被験者に打撃させ,3 次元自動動作分析システムを用いて動作を計測するとともに,2 台のフォースプラットフォームを用いて両足下の地面反力を計測した.下肢及び体幹部に作用する関節力および関節トルク,さらに股関節トルクを下胴の長軸周りの軸へ投影した成分(下胴回転成分)などを算出した.その結果,ボール速度の大きい条件では,投手方向への身体の移動に関与する力積が小さく,この要因として踏出足接地から身体重心速度が最大値に到達する時点までの動作時間の短さが大きく影響を及ぼしていた.また,ボール速度の大きい条件では,軸足側では股関節外転トルクの下胴回転成分,踏出足側では股関節屈曲トルクの下胴回転成分が大きく作用していた.

著者

高木 斗希夫 藤井 範久 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.158-166, 2008 (Released:2010-12-13)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

16 5

---

本研究では,球速の異なるボールに対する野球の打撃動作の特徴を明らかにすることで,打撃の正確性に影響を及ぼす動作要因について検討することを目的とした.球速の異なるボール( 75km/h,100km/h,125km/h)を被験者に打撃させ, 3次元自動動作分析システムを用いて動作を計測した.打撃の正確性を評価する指標としてインパクト角を用いて,身体の並進および回転動作と打撃の正確性との関連について検討を加えた.その結果,ボール速度が大きい条件( 125km/h)においては,身体重心の並進移動距離を小さくするとともに,上胴部およびバットの回転動作範囲を小さくすることが打撃の正確性を高める動作であると考えられた.さらに,体幹の捻り角度および捻り戻しの角速度の最大値にはボール速度条件による有意な差は認められなかったため,これらの動作はボール速度に関わらずスイングに必要な動作であると考えられた.

著者

藤井 宏明 藤井 範久

出版者

日本バイオメカニクス学会

雑誌

バイオメカニクス研究 (ISSN:13431706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.14-27, 2021 (Released:2021-10-09)

参考文献数

19

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body movements to generate handle velocity in the tangential and the radial direction of hammer head during the hammer throw turn. The positive leading distance of handle has the effect of accelerating the hammer head in hammer throw. In addition, the increase and decrease of the leading distance of handle are consistent with the increase and decrease of handle velocity in the radial direction of hammer head. It will be important to clarify the movement of the body for the acquisition of the leading distance of handle by examining the acquisition of the handle velocity in the radial direction by the body movement. Throwing motions of 44 male throwers (throwing record: 80. 50–44. 17 m) participated in the study as subjects. Throwing motions were videotaped on high-speed VTR cameras, and three-dimensional coordinates were calculated using a DLT method. The handle velocity was calculated as the vector products between the anatomical angular velocity vectors of joint and the respective relative displacement vectors from the joint center to handle, by applying a mathematical model. The handle velocity obtained by body movements were projected onto the rotating plane coordinate system. The basic findings were summarized as follows: (1) The handle velocity in the radial direction can be obtained by trunk long-axis rotation, the trunk left lean, the extension of the shoulder joint, the trunk back lean, and translational movement of the body. (2) The handle velocity in the tangential direction can be obtained by the trunk long-axis rotation, trunk twist, horizontal abduction of left shoulder joint and the flexion of shoulder joint.

著者

法元 康二 阿江 通良 横澤 俊治 藤井 範久

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.139-152, 2011

---

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The purpose of this study was to investigate technical factors relating to the maintenance of walking speed in race walking in official 20km races. Thirty-five elite race walkers were analyzed as subjects by using VTR camera (60 Hz) at 4-8km and 14-18km point during 20km official race. The results were as follows. <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Decreases in the recovery hip and knee joint torques resulted in decreases in the backward joint forces at the hip and knee, which decreased the joint force power at the recovery hip and knee and the mechanical energy flow from the recovery leg to the torso during the second half of the recovery phase. Therefore, decreases in the joint force at the recovery hip and knee decreased the mechanical energy flow, which might lead to decrease in the walking speed.</p>

著者

宮西 智久 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.23-37, 1996-05-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

7

---

We investigated the contribution of the motions in the upper torso and the throwing arm joints to the ball velocity during the baseball throw. The ball velocities caused by the anatomical rotations at the upper torso, shoulder, elbow, wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints were calculated as the vector products between the anatomical angular velocity vectors of joints and the respective relative displacement vectors from the joint centers to the center of ball, by using a mathematical model reported by Sprigings et al. (1994). Horizontal throws of twenty-four male university baseball players were filmed using a three-dimensional DLT method. In order to verify the ball velocities obtained from the anatomical joint rotations from the instant of the stride foot contact to the ball release, the velocity of ball measured directly from video recording was compared with that calculated by the mathematical model. A good agreement was acquired between the velocity of ball measured and that calculated. The velocities obtained from the left-rotation, flexion at the upper torso joint and the horizontal flexion at the shoulder joint contributed to the ball velocity in the early phase where the increase of ball velocity was slow. The velocities obtained from the internal-rotation at the shoulder joint, extension at the elbow joint, palmar-flexion at the wrist joint, and left-rotation/flexion at the upper torso joint contributed in the late phase where the increase of ball velocity was rapid. At the ball release, the contribution of each joint, which is the ratio of the positive ball velocity obtained from the anatomical joint rotations to the summation of individual positive ball velocities was as follows; 34.1% by the internal-rotation at the shoulder, 17.7% by the palmar-flexion at the wrist, 15.2% by the extension at the elbow, and 9.6% by the left-rotation at the upper torso joint.

著者

平山 大作 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 Hirayama Daisaku Fujii Norihisa Ae Michiyoshi

出版者

筑波大学体育科学系

雑誌

体育科学系紀要 (ISSN:03867129)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.189-192, 2009-03

著者

村田 宗紀 藤井 範久 鈴木 雄太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.177-195, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

4 1

---

Mechanical energy is known to be transferred between a body segment and a joint. However, the transformation of this energy has not been classified. By focusing on the racquet-holding arm during a tennis serve, the present study examined the transformation between translational and rotational energies due to the joint force, and investigated the kinetic chain from the viewpoint of energetics. Twenty-two tennis players were asked to perform flat services to the deuce side (i.e., the receiver's right side), and the three-dimensional coordinates of reflective markers attached to each player and racquet were collected with a motion capture system. The mechanical power acting on each segment and the mechanical energy generated/absorbed by each joint were divided into the following components: (1) STP=the time rate of change in the rotational energy of a segment due to the joint torque, (2) JTP=the generation/absorption of rotational energy due to the joint torque, (3) JFPt=the time rate of change in the translational energy of a segment due to the joint force, and (4) JFPr=the time rate of change in the rotational energy of a segment due to the moment of the joint force. The findings are summarized below. 1.  The proposed method can divide the power acting on the segment due to joint force into the translational component (JFPt) and the rotational component (JFPr). 2.  The racquet-holding arm mainly acquires mechanical energy as translational energy with decreasing rotational energy of the upper trunk (around right-leftward rotation). 3.  The main role of the shoulder joint is not to generate rotational energy but to change the energy form (from translational energy to rotational energy). 4.  The main role of the phase before most of the shoulder external rotation is to store the translational energy in the racquet-holding arm. 5.  The main role of the phase after most of the shoulder external rotation is to transfer the translational and rotational energies to the racquet. 6.  The proposed method can quantify not only the generation/absorption and transmission of mechanical energy but also the transformation of the energy form. Therefore, this method may produce new findings that have not yet been clarified.

著者

平山 大作 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 小池 関也

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.91-102, 2008

被引用文献数

4

---

<p>本研究は, 大学野球投手を対象とし, 投球数の増加にともなうキネティクスの変化について検討することを目的とした. 実験試技は, 2台のフォースプラットフォームを埋設した簡易マウンドからストレートを投球するものであった. 被験者には, 10秒間隔で15球投げることを1イニングとし, イニング間に6分の休息をはさみながら9イニング, 計135球の投球を行わせた. 投球数とそれぞれのパラメータから単回帰分析を行い, 回帰係数の有意性について検定を行った (p<0.05). その結果, 投球数の増加にともない, ①踏込脚の股関節伸展の正仕事, 負仕事, 絶対仕事が減少する傾向がみられた. ②投球腕の肩関節内旋の正仕事が減少する傾向がみられた. ③投球腕への関節力による力学的エネルギーの流れの減少がみられた. ④投球腕の肩関節水平内転の正仕事および絶対仕事が増加する傾向がみられた. 以上のことから, 踏込脚の股関節伸展の仕事の減少は, 下肢のトレーニングの重要性を示唆するものであり, 投球腕の肩関節水平内転の仕事の増加は, "上肢動作に頼った投球動作" を示すものであると考えられる.</p>

著者

宮西 智久 宮永 豊 福林 徹 馬見塚 尚孝 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.5, pp.583-595, 1999-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2 3

---

This study was designed to clarify the causes of throwing injuries of the elbow and shoulder joints in baseball. Five varsity-skilled baseball players without pain in the elbow and shoulder joints were subjects for this study. They were fixed to a chair and asked to throw a baseball using three different throwing arm movements (T0, T45, and T90) . These movements were filmed using three-dimensional DLT videography. Linked rigid-body segment inverse dynamics were then employed to determine resultant joint force and torque at the elbow and shoulder joints. Peak varus torque at the elbow joint for T90 was less than for the other movements during the acceleration phase. In the follow-through phase, however, a large anterior shear force (70 N) at the elbow, for elbow extension, was present for T90. These results indicate that T90 was a high risk movement which leads to extension injuries rather than medial tension injuries. After the ball release, a large superior shear force (118 N) at the shoulder joint was present in all movements. This superior force may result from the subacromial impingement syndrome, except for critical zones of impingement caused by the different throwing arm movements. These findings suggest that the mechanisms of throwing arm injuries are closely related to differences in throwing arm movements.

著者

大島 雄治 藤井 範久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.1-19, 2017 (Released:2017-06-22)

参考文献数

40

---

The purpose of this study was (1) to quantify the contribution of the adductors and iliopsoas to the hip joint torque, and (2) to clarify the function of the adductors and iliopsoas for terminal support until early recovery in maximal velocity sprinting. Eight male track and field athletes volunteered for the present study, and sprinted 60 m from a standing start position. Ground reaction force to the right leg was measured using a force platform (1000 Hz) placed at the 50-m mark from the start position. Simultaneously, 3-dimensional coordinates of body landmarks were recorded by a motion capture system (250 Hz) with 20 cameras. The right hip joint torque was calculated using inverse dynamics. To estimate the muscle forces of the right lower limb, we created a musculoskeletal model. The contribution of the muscle forces to the right hip joint force was calculated based on both equations of motion for each segment and equations of constraint conditions for adjacent segments connected by a joint. The main results for terminal support until early recovery were: (1) The adductor muscles generated less torque during hip joint flexion. (2) These muscles were involved in forward acceleration of the leg on the same side. (3) The iliopsoas was involved in the forward swing of the thigh on the same side.  Based on these results, it can be concluded that the hip adductors do not function as hip flexors, but as forward accelerators of the leg on the same side, based on the hip joint adductor torque. In contrast, the iliopsoas does not function as a forward accelerators of the leg on the same side, but delivers forward swing to the thigh on the same side for hip joint flexion torque.

著者

藤井 範久 小山 陽平 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.17-32, 2010 (Released:2010-07-20)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate techniques for accelerating the hammer head in the turn phase of the hammer throw by comparing the motions of hammer throwers. Ten male throwers (PB: 43.15-68.21 m) participated in the study. The hammer motions were videotaped on high-speed VTR cameras (250 or 200 fps), and three-dimensional coordinates were calculated using a DLT method. Various kinematic parameters were calculated, including the hammer head speed, the increase in hammer head speed at each turn phase, the leading distance of the handle (hand), the horizontal abduction/adduction angle of the left arm (shoulder), the twist angle of the trunk, the rotation angle of the pelvis, and the horizontal abduction/adduction angle of the left hip. The fundamental factors and techniques responsible for accelerating the hammer head were as follows: (1) Increasing the acceleration and decreasing the deceleration of the hammer head in the turn phase increased the release speed of the hammer head. (2) A longer positive leading distance of the handle (hand), defined as the distance from the handle to the line connecting the hammer head and the instantaneous center of rotation of the hammer head, had a larger effect on the acceleration of the hammer head in the turn phase. (3) The horizontal abduction of the leading arm (shoulder), the negative trunk twist (recoiling motion), and the sway motion at the midpoint between the two shoulder joints toward the rear and trailing-arm side of the body increased the positive leading distance of the handle by generating the power of the legs and trunk simultaneously.

著者

大島 雄治 藤井 範久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.115-131, 2016

---

The purpose of this study was to clarify the function of torques exerted by the joints of the lower trunk during maximal velocity sprinting. Eight male track and field athletes volunteered, and sprinted 60 m from a standing start position. The ground reaction force of the support leg was determined using a force platform (1000 Hz), which was placed at the 50-m mark from the start position. Simultaneously, 3D coordinates were recorded with a motion analysis system (250 Hz) using 20 cameras (MX-T20). The joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. The contribution of joint torques to the right and left hip joint forces, and the torso joint force, was calculated by a method that simultaneously solves equations of motion for each segment and equations of constraint conditions for adjacent segments connected by a joint. The main results were as follows: (1) During the terminal support phase (80-100% normalized time), the angular velocity of anterior rotation of the pelvis decreased and participants in whom this angular velocity decrease was diminished ran faster (p<0.10). (2) During terminal support, the hip joint adduction torque of the support leg and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint rotated the pelvis forward. The moment of the right and left hip joint forces rotated the pelvis backward. (3) During terminal support, the hip joint force of the support leg was generated by its hip joint flexion and adduction torque, the hip joint extension torque of the recovery leg, and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint. In contrast, the hip joint force of the recovery leg was generated by the hip joint flexion and adduction torque of the support leg, and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint. (4) During terminal support, the hip joint flexion torque exerted by the support leg rotated the pelvis backward. The hip joint adduction torque of the support leg and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint rotated the pelvis forward. Previous studies showed that the hip flexion torque drives the leg forward from the hip joint extension position. This present study has clarified that the hip joint adduction torque of the support leg and the anterior rotation torque of the torso joint nullify backward rotation of the pelvis due to the hip joint flexion torque exerted by the support leg.Keyword: equation of constraint condition for adjacent segments connected by a joint

著者

高橋 佳三 阿江 通良 藤井 範久 功力 靖雄 島田 一志 石川 陽介

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第49回(1998) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.371, 1998-08-20 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

村田 宗紀 藤井 範久

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.155-166, 2014 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 2

---

硬式テニスにおいて, サーバーは様々な回転や速度のサーブを打球することで相手に球種を予測されにくくする. これまでに球種の打ち分け技術に関するkinematics的分析から, 球種間のスウィング方向の差は上肢によるスウィング操作ではなく, 主にインパクト時の上胴の姿勢の差に起因することが報告されている. そこで, 本研究では上胴の姿勢を決定する主要因であろう下胴と下肢のkineticsについて検討することを目的とした. その結果, 右利き選手の場合, 左脚は主にヘッドスピード獲得のための力学的エネルギーを発生し, 右脚は力学的エネルギーを発生するだけでなく, 回転を打ち分けるために胴部の姿勢を調整する役割も担っていることが明らかとなった.

著者

木下 まどか 藤井 範久

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, 2014

著者

竹中 俊輔 藤井 範久 斉川 史徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, 2011

著者

竹中 俊輔 藤井 範久 斉川 史徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, 2011

著者

吉井 怜 藤井 範久

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

no.60, 2009-08-26

著者

高野 純平 藤井 範久 向井 直樹 劉 莉荊 林 和彦 白崎 芳夫 斉藤 慎一 徳山 薫平

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.123-130, 2004-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

25

---

Side to side difference in tennis players' mid-radius and cross-sectional study on mid-tibia of jumpers and sedentary controls suggest that the improvement of mechanical properties of cortical bone in response to long-term exercise is related to geometric adaptation and not to volumetric bone mineral density. In the present study, geometric and mechanical properties of right tibia were estimated along 64 directions centering center of gravity of the bone on cross-sectional peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) images. The tibias of 17 jumpers (7 females, 10 males) and 15 controls (8 females, 7males), aged 18-23, were scanned at mid site using pQCT. Periosteal and endocortical radius were larger, cortical thickness was thicker, and mechanical properties (moment of inertia of area and strength strain index) were greater in jumpers compared to those of controls. The differences in cortical thickness between the two groups were dependent on direction of measurement. Defined a direction from tibia's center of gravity to fibula's as 0°, difference in the cortical thickness between jumpers and controls was the greatest at around 240°. Along this direction, differences in mechanical properties were also the most significant, suggesting that the site-specific adaptation of bone to long-term exercise is due to geographical relation of bone to muscle.