著者

FRIEDRICH A.von HAYEK

出版者

JAPANESE ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION

雑誌

季刊 理論経済学 (ISSN:0557109X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.1-12, 1965-03-30 (Released:2008-02-28)

著者

Ali A. Thabet Anwar A. Ebid Mohamed E. El-Boshy Afnan O Almuwallad Elham A Hudaimoor Fatimah E Alsaeedi Rahaf H. Alsubhi Rahaf H. Almatrook Rawan F. Aljifry Saja H. Alotaibi Shuroq M. Almallawi Wejdan O. Abdulmuttalib

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.9, pp.695-699, 2021 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

5

---

[Purpose] To determine the effect of pulsed high intensity laser therapy (HILT) versus low level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. [Participants and Methods] This was a randomized clinical trial that included 30 females diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea who were assigned randomly into two groups of equal numbers. The treatment was three sessions every cycle for three consecutive cycles, where group (A) received pulsed HILT and group (B) received LLLT. All participants were evaluated before and after treatment sessions by visual analogue scale (VAS) and at the end of treatment by pain relief scale (PRS). [Results] The results showed a significant decrease in the severity of pain in the two groups. Comparison between the two groups showed a statistically non-significant difference in the severity of pain and pain alleviation at the end of the treatment course. [Conclusion] Both pulsed HILT and LLLT are effective in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, with no significant differences between the two modalities.

著者

ゲムエフ I. N. アレクセーエフ N. A. アクチャブリスカヤ I. V. 堀越 しげ子 桝本 哲

出版者

北海道大学総合博物館

雑誌

北海道大学総合博物館研究報告 (ISSN:1348169X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.153-272, 2008-03-31

著者

Elena G. Govorunova Oleg A. Sineshchekov John L. Spudich

出版者

The Biophysical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biophysics and Physicobiology (ISSN:21894779)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.e201011, (Released:2023-02-04)

被引用文献数

1

---

Since their discovery 21 years ago, channelrhodopsins have come of age and have become indispensable tools for optogenetic control of excitable cells such as neurons and myocytes. Potential therapeutic utility of channelrhodopsins has been proven by partial vision restoration in a human patient. Previously known channelrhodopsins are either proton channels, non-selective cation channels almost equally permeable to Na+ and K+ besides protons, or anion channels. Two years ago, we discovered a group of channelrhodopsins that exhibit over an order of magnitude higher selectivity for K+ than for Na+. These proteins, known as “kalium channelrhodopsins” or KCRs, lack the canonical tetrameric selectivity filter found in voltage- and ligand-gated K+ channels, and use a unique selectivity mechanism intrinsic to their individual protomers. Mutant analysis has revealed that the key residues responsible for K+ selectivity in KCRs are located at both ends of the putative cation conduction pathway, and their role has been confirmed by high-resolution KCR structures. Expression of KCRs in mouse neurons and human cardiomyocytes enabled optical inhibition of these cells’ electrical activity. In this minireview we briefly discuss major results of KCR research obtained during the last two years and suggest some directions of future research.

著者

Georgia A. TUCKWELL Grace E. VINCENT Charlotte C. GUPTA Sally A. FERGUSON

出版者

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-0174, (Released:2022-01-28)

被引用文献数

5

---

Sedentary behavior at work contributes to detrimental cognitive outcomes (e.g., decreases in attention). The length of time that cognitive performance benefits are sustained following bouts of breaking up sitting (e.g., using sit-stand desks or walking) is not known. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using a systematic search strategy, with keywords related to breaking up sitting interventions in office-based environments and cognitive performance outcomes in the period immediately post the cessation of the breaking up sitting intervention. Three types of office-based breaking up sitting interventions were identified; 1) sit-stand desks, 2) walking desks and 3) cycling desks. From the eight studies which met the criteria, the impacts of these interventions on cognitive performance outcomes were mixed, with significant benefits in some studies and others reporting no benefit. Of the cognitive domains assessed, working memory, attention, and psychomotor function showed significant sustained improvement for up to 30 minutes post intervention. While there are benefits to a key set of cognitive performance domains following breaking up sitting interventions in office-based settings, no studies have evaluated whether benefits to cognitive performance persist for longer than 30 minutes after the breaking up sitting intervention. Furthermore, specific applications of these cognitive benefits to tasks outside of work (e.g., driving home from work) are unknown.

著者

Keyworth George A.

出版者

THE EASTERN BUDDHIST SOCIETY

雑誌

THE EASTERN BUDDHIST NEW SERIES = THE EASTERN BUDDHIST NEW SERIES (ISSN:00128708)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.81-120,

著者

Jeffrey A. FAWCETT Hideki INNAN Takeru TSUCHIYA Fumio SATO

出版者

Japanese Society of Equine Science

雑誌

Journal of Equine Science (ISSN:13403516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.31-37, 2021 (Released:2021-06-18)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

---

Many studies have reported that advancing age in broodmares has a negative impact on the reproductive performance of horses. However, although the ages at first and last mating vary among broodmares, it is unknown how this variation affects the correlation between age and reproductive performance in mares. Here, in order to examine the effects of the ages at first and last mating, we analyzed all recorded mating events for Thoroughbreds in Japan from 1997 to 2017. We found that the live foal birth rate of mares with a younger age at first mating indeed declined at an earlier age than those with an older age at first mating and that the number of years since the first mating also contributes to the decline in the birth rate. We also found that the live foal birth rate and mean earnings of the produced foals are much higher for mares with an older age at last mating compared with mares with a younger age at last mating. Our results should aid breeders in assessing the value of broodmares and designing breeding strategies.

著者

Levin Mark A. 尾崎 一郎

出版者

日本評論社

雑誌

法律時報 (ISSN:03873420)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.2, pp.80-91, 2008-02

著者

Athira S. VARIAR N. R. ANOOP P. A. VINAYAN P. A. AJAYAN N. S. SUJIN Askar ALI P. K. PRASADAN M. K. SMIJA Santhanakrishnan BABU

出版者

The Ornithological Society of Japan

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.185-199, 2021 (Released:2021-07-31)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1

---

Understanding the patterns and drivers of bird species composition and diversity outside Protected Area networks is essential to develop landscape-level conservation strategies. The Western Ghats' coffee plantations of India form an important agro-ecosystem and help maintain a significant portion of regional avian diversity. However, knowledge of the composition and functional diversity of birds in differently managed coffee plantation is lacking from the Western Ghats. In this study, we compared the composition and functional diversity of resident birds between shade and open coffees plantations. We counted 3,846 birds of 87 species, and found species richness to be higher in shade (78 species) than in open coffee plantations (55 species). Interestingly, 32 species were unique to shade and nine were unique to open coffee plantations, with 46 species found in both types of plantation. Overall species composition and functional diversity were different in differently managed plantations. Species richness and abundance (birds/point/visit) were higher in shade coffee, reflecting the availability of multiple strata and habitat heterogeneity. Results revealed that different farm management practices can affect functional bird richness and its abundance in coffee plantations. Therefore, retaining shade-trees of native varieties in coffee plantations is important for supporting high functional diversity, richness, and abundance of birds in the coffee plantation of the Western Ghats.

著者

M・A

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.5, pp.360, 1968-05-15 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

Khalid S. IBRAHIM Nowara BOURWIS Sharron DOLAN Sue LANG Janice SPENCER John A CRAFT

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.65-74, 2021 (Released:2021-01-08)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

12

---

Various studies have suggested that the gut microbiome interacts with the host and may have a significant role in the aetiology of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). It was hypothesised that bacterial communities in obesity and T2D differ from control and compromise normal interactions between host and microbiota. Obesity and T2D were developed in rats by feeding a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet plus a single low-dose streptozotocin administration, respectively. The microbiome profiles and their metabolic potentials were established by metagenomic 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Taxonomy and predicted metabolism-related genes in obesity and T2D were markedly different from controls and indeed from each other. Diversity was reduced in T2D but not in Obese rats. Factors likely to compromise host intestinal, barrier integrity were found in Obese and T2D rats including predicted, decreased bacterial butyrate production. Capacity to increase energy extraction via ABC-transporters and carbohydrate metabolism were enhanced in Obese and T2D rats. T2D was characterized by increased proinflammatory molecules. While obesity and T2D show distinct differences, results suggest that in both conditions Bacteroides and Blautia species were increased indicating a possible mechanistic link.

著者

Thilo Noack Mateo Marin Cuartas Philipp Kiefer Jens Garbade Bettina Pfannmueller Joerg Seeburger Michael A. Borger

出版者

The Editorial Committee of Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

雑誌

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (ISSN:13411098)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.6, pp.326-335, 2019 (Released:2019-12-20)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 4

---

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the clinical outcomes after isolated mitral valve (MV) repair in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <50%) with focus on perioperative characteristics, survival, and freedom from reoperations.Methods: Between 1997 and 2015, 557 patients with reduced LVEF (age: 62.8 ± 11.7 years, male: 320) underwent MV repair for symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR). Etiologies were dilated non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and ischemic cardiomyopathy in 487 (87.4%) and 70 (12.6%) patients, respectively; these were classified into three different subgroups: LVEF 40%–49% (group 1), 30%–39% (group 2), and <30% (group 3).Results: Overall, 294, 145, and 118 patients had an LVEF of 40%–49%, 30%–39%, and <30%, respectively. Logistic EuroSCORE was significantly higher (P <0.001) as the LVEF worsened. The survival analysis for groups 1–3, respectively, revealed the following: 30-day mortality: 1.4%, 3.4%, and 7.6% (P <0.001); 1-year survival: 93.9%, 89.4%, and 82% (P <0.001); 5-year survival: 81.2%, 75.2%, and 58% (P <0.001).Conclusion: MV repair in patients with impaired LVEF could be performed safely with good clinical short- and mid-term outcome. Nevertheless, reduced preoperative LVEF correlates with worse perioperative and long-term survival.

著者

WANG Chung-Chieh LIN Kuan-Yu DAVIS Christopher A. HUANG Shin-Yi LIU Stefano Chih-Shin TSUBOKI Kazuhisa JOU Ben Jong-Dao

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-036, (Released:2020-04-20)

被引用文献数

2

---

In this study, the impacts of Typhoon Morakot (2009)'s vortex structure on the extreme rainfall in Taiwan are investigated through an application of piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion. The control (CTL) experiment, starting at 0000 UTC 7 August or 15 h before landfall, reproduces the event realistically and is validated against the observations. By altering the PV perturbation inside 750 km from its center, we conduct sensitivity experiments in which the size and/or circulation strength of Morakot is reduced/weakened in the initial field in several different ways.  In the sensitivity tests, particularly those where the initial PV within the inner core (≤ 250 km) is significantly weakened, the storm makes landfall earlier, stays over land longer, and exits Taiwan later. Such track changes are accompanied by a contraction and spin-up of the inner core at early stages of the integration, caused by convection/latent heating within the inner core under large-scale low-level southwesterly flow. As a result, Taiwan receives an overall rainfall amount either comparable to, or even more than (up to +12 %), CTL in all tests. Thus, a weaker Morakot does not necessarily lead to less total rainfall over Taiwan, and the strong southwesterly flow and its moisture supply were bigger factors than the vortex structure in this event.   On the other hand, the rainfall in the southern Central Mountain Range on 8 August, which were the most-rainy area and period in reality, tended to decrease by up to 40 % with the contraction and a weaker outer circulation. Thus, the rainfall patterns and evolution in the sensitivity tests are considerably different than those in CTL, indicating that the vortex structure plays an important role in the rainfall of this region.

著者

L.A. Clarkson and E. Margaret Crawford

出版者

Oxford University Press

巻号頁・発行日

2001

著者

佐藤 洋太 藤田 耕史 井上 公 砂子 宗次朗 坂井 亜規子 對馬 あかね Podolskiy Evgeny A. Berthier Etienne Kayastha Rijan

雑誌

JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2020

巻号頁・発行日

2020-03-13

---

Glaciers in High Mountain Asia are valuable indicator of climate change, and their meltwater have an important role for the regional water resources (e.g. Pritchard, 2019). We thus need to estimate Himalayan glacier fluctuation. However, the lower part of large Himalayan glaciers is generally covered with debris mantle, which makes the melting process complicated. Several previous works pointed out a role of ice cliffs that promote local enhancement of the ice melting (e.g. Sakai et al., 1998; Brun et al., 2018). The ice cliff’s spatio-temporal distribution and their dynamics (evolution and decay) are important to understand debris-covered glaciers melting process.In this study, we generated high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthomosaic images from aerial photographs taken at four different times at the Trakarding glacier, Nepal Himalaya in order to trace ice cliff dynamics.In-situ observations and aerial photogrammetry surveys were carried out in 2007, 2017, 2018, 2019 post-monsoon seasons over the entire debris-covered area. These photographs were analyzed using Structure from Motion technology and created high resolution (0.2 - 2.0 m) terrain data. From each image, about 500 ice cliffs were extracted and analyzed these ridge lengths, slope areas, gradients, aspects and spatial distributions.DEM differencing indicate that the surface mass balance has been strongly negative (-1.65 m w.e. yr-1) from 2007 to 2019. Spatially, we observed that the more significant surface lowering happens, the higher cliff density is remarked. The result suggests the ice cliff locally enhances glacier melting. In addition, a significant correlation between ice cliff length and its slope area was observed, which means that it is possible to estimate the slope area of cliff from the cliff length using coarser satellite data. Analysis of ice cliff aspect elucidated that north-west facing ice cliffs are predominant. And their aspects had heterogeneous distribution. Finally, we estimated ice cliff dynamics and its mechanism from the results of spatial cliff density, aspect and elevation change analysis in Trakarding Glacier.

著者

Laust D. Rasmussen Simon Winther Salma Raghad Karim Ashkan Eftekhari Evald H. Christiansen Lars C. Gormsen June A. Ejlersen Morten Böttcher

出版者

The Japanese Coronary Association

雑誌

Journal of Coronary Artery Disease (ISSN:24342173)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.44-47, 2020 (Released:2020-06-25)

参考文献数

14

---

A patient with chest pain and inferoseptal ischemia at Rubidium-82 Positron Emission Tomography (82RbPET) was revascularized in a stenosis in the LAD/D1 bifurcation, while a CTO RCA was left untreated. One-year follow-up with Seattle Angina Questionnaire and repeat 82RbPET revealed symptom relief and improved inferoseptal perfusion likely through LAD collateralization.

著者

ティヘリノ A. ジュリ 池田 満 北橋 忠宏 溝口 理一郎

出版者

社団法人人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.476-487, 1993-07-01

被引用文献数

31

---

The main aim of this research is to establish a sophisticated methodology for building expert systems based on shared and reusable large knowledge bases. Multis, one of the major Conponents of the methodology, performs task analysis interview and synthesizes problem solving engines for a given task. To design Multis the authors identify libraries of task ontology and reusable software artifacts for construction of knowledge-based systems and make them available for Synthesis via direct-interactive mapping to task models. This library consists of a set of highly generalized software primitives abstracted from existing knowledge-based systems. The mapping to the target task model is accomplished through an intermediate step in which task performers identify the correspondence of the software primitives to their own task ontology. The task ontology itself is created with the use of non-functional task primitives in the form of generic vocabulary, i. e. a vocabulary that is dependent on the task, but not the domain of expertise. The vocabulary combines into verb/noun phrases forming generic processes which are generalized conceptual primitives for a given task. In this paper one such library of software artifacts is presented for the task of scheduling (eg. classroom scheduling for an educational institution) along with the corresponding generic vocabulary and generic process library.

著者

MISAKI A.

出版者

Tokai University Press

雑誌

Cephalopods-Present and Past

巻号頁・発行日

pp.223-231, 2010

被引用文献数

1

著者

Meagan E. CROWTHER Amy C. REYNOLDS Sally A. FERGUSON Robert ADAMS

出版者

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.54-62, 2020 (Released:2020-02-04)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

---

Non-standard working hours are associated with negative health outcomes. However, little is known about the early years of exposure to non-standard work hours, or whether workers new to these work schedules perceive their work as impacting their health. This limits our ability to develop meaningful intervention strategies for transitioning into non-standard work hour schedules. This exploratory study investigated whether recent Australian graduates in various non-standard workhour schedules perceive that their work schedule negatively impacts their health. The responses of 120 graduates within four years of completing their tertiary qualification collected from an online survey were analysed. Graduates were asked whether they perceived their work arrangements as impacting their health. Significantly more of those who were engaged in non-standard work schedules or worked beyond contracted hours perceived their working arrangements as having an impact on their health. This study highlights the importance of studying workers’ perceptions of the impact of work hours on health, particularly when workers may be experiencing good global health but be at risk for negative health outcomes in future.

著者

Felipe F. NASCIMENTO Vírginia I. MARQUES Giulianne C. CROCIOLLI Gabriel M. NICÁCIO Isabela P. A. G. NICÁCIO Renata N. CASSU

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18-0744, (Released:2019-03-25)

被引用文献数

15

---

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of laser acupuncture and electroacupuncture on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in cats. In a prospective, randomized and blinded clinical study, thirty cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy were sedated with intramuscular (IM) ketamine (5 mg/kg), midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), and tramadol (2 mg/ kg). Before the induction of anesthesia, the animals were randomly distributed into three groups of ten cats each: LA: bilateral Stomach 36 (ST-36) and Spleen 6 (SP-6) acupoints were stimulated with an infrared laser; EA: bilateral ST-36 and SP-6 acupoints were stimulated with an electrical stimulus; Control: no acupuncture was applied. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated in the first 24 hr post-extubation using the Interactive Visual Analogue Scale and UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale. Rescue analgesia was provided with IM tramadol (2 mg/kg), and the pain scores were reassessed 30 min after the rescue intervention. If the analgesia remained insufficient, meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg IM, single dose) was administered. Data were analyzed using t-tests, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test. P<0.05 was considered significant. The pain scores did not significantly differ between the treatment groups at any time point (P>0.05). The prevalence of rescue analgesia was significantly higher in the Control group than in the LA and EA groups (P=0.033). Preoperative laser and electroacupuncture reduced the need for rescue analgesia during the first 24 hr after ovariohysterectomy.