著者

Sheau Tieh Ngai Hidetaka Sasaki Akihiko Murata Masaya Nosaka Jing Xiang Chung Liew Juneng Supari Ester Salimun Fredolin Tangang

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-023, (Released:2020-06-25)

被引用文献数

9

---

The Non-hydrostatic Regional Climate model (NHRCM) was used in simulating the present and future rainfall climate over Malaysia under the RCP8.5 scenario in this study. Simulation and projection from 1979 to 2002 for present day and 2070 to 2100 for the end of century were conducted over the Malaysia. The 20 km resolution MRI-AGCM3.2 model simulation from Meteorological Research Institute, MRI was used as boundary conditions. The objective of this study was to estimate the extreme rainfall projections in Malaysia at 5 km of resolution during the November to February period, representing the northeast monsoon season. Overall, the model was capable to simulate the historical rainfall climatology and distribution, but model tended to underestimate high rainfall frequency and mean rainfall intensity in Malaysia. However, compared with simulations at 25 km, added values have been shown at 5 km resolution. Based on the NHRCM05 simulations, a number of hotspots have been identified with significant projected increases up to 80% for the extreme rainfall indices (R20mm, RX1day, R95pTOT and R99pTOT), 30% increases in mean rainfall intensity (SDII) and 20% for consecutive dry days indices (CDD).

著者

Sho YOSHIMOTO Daiki KATO Satoshi KAMOTO Kie YAMAMOTO Masaya TSUBOI Masahiro SHINADA Namiko IKEDA Yuiko TANAKA Ryohei YOSHITAKE Shotaro ETO Kohei SAEKI James CHAMBERS Yuko HASHIMOTO Kazuyuki UCHIDA Ryohei NISHIMURA Takayuki NAKAGAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0026, (Released:2020-04-03)

被引用文献数

6

---

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression has been reported in various human cancers. HER2-targeted therapies showed clinical responses in humans with HER2-positive tumors. The incidence of canine primary lung cancer (cPLC) is increasing, but there are no effective systemic therapies for dogs with late-stage cPLC. HER2-targeted therapy could be an option for cPLC, but HER2 expression in cPLC remains unknown. We evaluated HER2 expression in cPLC. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 3 samples (19%) scored 3+; 8 (50%), 2+; 5 (31%); and 1+ and 0 (0%), 0. Of the cPLC tissues, 69% were HER2 positive (scored ≥2+). These data would lead to further evaluation of the role of HER2 in cPLC as a mechanism of malignancy and therapeutic target.

著者

Yuki Baba Seiji Kawano Yoshiyasu Kono Toshihiro Inokuchi Hiromitsu Kanzaki Masaya Iwamuro Keita Harada Sakiko Hiraoka Yoshiro Kawahara Hiroyuki Okada

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3628-19, (Released:2020-02-05)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

12

---

Objective With the advent of capsule endoscopy (CE) and double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), the diagnosis and treatment of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) have markedly progressed. However, rebleeding sometimes occurs and is difficult to diagnose and treat. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features of OGIB and risk factors for rebleeding in our hospital. Methods A total of 195 patients who underwent CE and/or DBE for OGIB in our hospital from January 2009 to July 2016 were included in the present study. We analyzed 168 cases of small intestinal OGIB, after excluding 27 cases of extra small intestinal bleeding. The clinical characteristics and risk factors related to rebleeding were retrospectively studied. Results Among the 168 patients who were included in the analysis, 95 patients (56.5%) were male. The mean age was 64.5 years (range, 8 to 87 years). Hypertension (31.0%) was the most frequent comorbidity, followed by chronic kidney disease (19.0%). The final diagnoses were ulcerative lesions (n=50, 29.8%), vascular lesions (n=30, 17.9%), tumors (n=7, 4.2%), and diverticula (n=2, 1.2%). The bleeding source was undetermined in the remaining 79 cases (47.0%). Rebleeding was confirmed in 29 cases (17.3%). In a univariate analysis, chronic kidney disease, vascular lesions, and overt previous bleeding were significantly associated with the risk of rebleeding. A multivariate analysis showed that chronic kidney disease, vascular lesion, and overt previous bleeding were significantly associated with the risk of rebleeding. Conclusion Patients with OGIB with overt previous bleeding, vascular lesions, and/or chronic kidney disease had a higher risk of rebleeding.

著者

WATANABE Shun-ichi I. MURATA Akihiko SASAKI Hidetaka KAWASE Hiroaki NOSAKA Masaya

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-045, (Released:2019-04-15)

被引用文献数

9

---

This study evaluates possible changes in tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation over Japan under a future warmer climate using an ensemble projection generated by a non-hydrostatic regional climate model with a resolution of 5 km (NHRCM05) under the RCP8.5 scenario. NHRCM05 reproduces TC precipitation and TC intensity more accurately than does a general circulation model with a resolution of 20 km. The number of TCs approaching Japan is projected to decrease under the future climate, while the TC precipitation rate increases. As these two effects cancel each other out, total TC precipitation, and the frequency of the moderate TC precipitation that is usual under the present climate, show no significant change. On the other hand, the frequency of extreme TC precipitation increases significantly because the intensification in the TC precipitation rate outweighs the reduction in TC frequency. The increase in the TC precipitation rate is caused primarily by the increase in water vapor around the TCs, which in turn results from the change in environmental water vapor. The intensification and structural changes to TCs also contribute to the enhanced TC precipitation.

著者

高江洲 昌哉 タカエス マサヤ TAKAESU Masaya

出版者

東京外国語大学海外事情研究所

雑誌

Quadrante : クァドランテ : 四分儀 : 地域・文化・位置のための総合雑誌 (ISSN:24349232)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.7-22, 2019-03-30

著者

Mun Keong KOK James K. CHAMBERS Masaya TSUBOI Ryohei NISHIMURA Hajime TSUJIMOTO Kazuyuki UCHIDA Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0248, (Released:2019-06-28)

被引用文献数

22

---

Cutaneous tumors are commonly found in dogs. To date, few studies have investigated the epidemiology of canine cutaneous tumors in Asian countries. The present study aims to report the prevalence of canine cutaneous tumors in Japan, and assess the association of breed, age, sex, and anatomical locations with the development of common tumor types. A total of 1,435 cases of cutaneous tumors were examined, of which 813 (56.66%) cases were malignant, and 622 (43.34%) were benign. Soft tissue sarcomas (18.40%), mast cell tumor (16.24%), lipoma (9.69%), hair follicle tumors (9.34%), and benign sebaceous tumors (8.50%) outnumbered the other tumor types. Tumors were commonly found on the head (13.87%), hindlimb (10.52%), forelimb (8.01%), chest (5.78%), and neck (5.57%). The risk of developing cutaneous tumors increased significantly in dogs aged 11-year and above (P<0.001). Mixed-breed dogs (14.63%), Miniature Dachshund (9.90%), and Labrador Retriever (8.01%) were the three most presented breeds; while Boxer, Bernese Mountain Dog, and Golden Retriever had an increased risk of cutaneous tumor development in comparison to mixed-breed dogs (P<0.05). Epidemiological information from the present study will serve as a useful reference for regional veterinarians to establish a preliminary diagnosis of canine cutaneous tumors.

著者

Sho YOSHIMOTO Daiki KATO Satoshi KAMOTO Kie YAMAMOTO Masaya TSUBOI Masahiro SHINADA Namiko IKEDA Yuiko TANAKA Ryohei YOSHITAKE Shotaro ETO Kohei SAEKI James Kenn CHAMBERS Ryohei KINOSHITA Kazuyuki UCHIDA Ryohei NISHIMURA Takayuki NAKAGAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0019, (Released:2019-05-29)

被引用文献数

12

---

Canine anal sac gland carcinoma (ASGC) frequently occurs in the apocrine glands of the canine anal sac and shows aggressive biological behavior. The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been reported in various human and canine tumors. HER2 is a promising therapeutic target of these tumors, and HER2-targeted drugs, such as trastuzumab and lapatinib, have improved the outcome of these patients. In this study, HER2 expression in ASGC was evaluated to investigate its potential as a therapeutic target for canine ASGC. HER2 mRNA expression in surgically resected ASGC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal anal sac tissue. To evaluate the expression of HER2 protein, paraffin-embedded ASGC tissues were immunohistochemically evaluated. Strong and broad staining of HER2 was detected in ASGC tissues, while HER2 was weakly to moderately stained in normal anal sac apocrine glands and squamous epithelia. The degree of HER2 expression in ASGC tissues was scored based on its intensity and positivity (score: 0–3+). Scoring of HER2 expression revealed 6 samples (24%) scored 3+, 14 (56%) scored 2+, and 5 (20%) scored 1+, with no samples scoring 0. In all, 80% of canine ASGC tissues were positive for HER2 (scored ≥2+). Furthermore, putative HER2-overexpressed cells in ASGC were detected with trastuzumab by flow cytometry. These preliminary data may lead to further evaluation of the role of HER2 in canine ASGC as a mechanism of malignancy and as a therapeutic target for HER2-targeted therapy.

著者

竹内 将俊 小島 宏海 渡辺 昌也 Masatoshi TAKEUCHI KOJIMA Hiromi WATANABE Masaya

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.115-122,

---

東京農業大学世田谷キャンパスにおいて鳥類のラインセンサスとポイントセンサスを実施し,同様の調査を行った馬事公苑と種構成や個体数を比較した。1年と3カ月にわたる両調査地の調査で,計24科42種が確認された。2つの調査地間で,2種類のセンサス法による月を単位とした種数,個体数,Shannon-Wienerの多様度指数を比較した結果,世田谷キャンパスに比べ馬事公苑で種数と個体数が多く,多様度指数が高い傾向が認められた。この理由として,馬事公苑は外周を階層構造の発達した樹林が取り囲むなど緑地の占める面積割合が高く,まとまった落葉広葉樹林や水辺,芝地など多様な環境が含まれることが影響していると考えられた。また,世田谷キャンパス全体を25m×25mの区画に区切り,シジュウカラ,メジロ,コゲラなど7種の観察総数と緑被率との関系を解析した結果,すべての種で緑被率と観察総数との間に正の相関が認められた。キャンパス内の鳥類の多様性を高めるためには,落葉層を含む下層植生の発達したまとまった樹林を設けることが有効であると考えられる。

著者

WoonSeon Jung Masataka Murakami Taro Shinoda Masaya Kato

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.197-202, 2018 (Released:2018-12-21)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

---

The Cloud Resolving Storm Simulator (CReSS) model with default parameter settings largely underestimates the diurnal variation of land surface temperature (LST) and hence the formation of summertime diurnal convective clouds over the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which are the primary target of cloud seeding in the UAE. Based on sensitivity experiment results, we optimized a set of land surface parameters to minimize the underestimation of LST and improve the performance of weather simulations over deserts and mountains in the UAE. In the optimized experiment, the difference in LST between Aqua/MODIS observations and CReSS simulation results decreased from 13.0 to 2.3 K under daytime conditions, mainly due to decreased evapotranspiration efficiency and soil thermal diffusivity. Moreover, the difference decreased from 3.8 to 2.0 K under nighttime conditions, mainly due to decreased evapotranspiration efficiency and increased soil temperature at the deepest layer. A decrease in roughness length suppressed the increase in surface air temperature (SAT), contributing to the reproduction of a realistically large difference between LST and SAT during the daytime. The improvement in temperature matching demonstrates that the CReSS model, when used at a 1-km horizontal resolution, accurately simulates the formation of diurnal convective clouds and development of precipitation over deserts in the UAE and low mountains in northeastern UAE.

著者

Hiroaki Kawase Akira Yamazaki Hajime Iida Kazuma Aoki Wataru Shimada Hidetaka Sasaki Akihiko Murata Masaya Nosaka

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.39-45, 2018 (Released:2018-03-29)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

8

---

Extremely small snow cover in the winter of 2015/16 and interannual variations of snow cover over the Japanese Northern Alps are simulated by a regional climate model with 2 km grid spacing based on the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55). Our simulation well reproduces the daily variation of snow depth along the Tateyama-Kurobe Alpine Route, located at the Japanese Northern Alps, as compared to snow depths observed by time-lapse cameras in 2014/15. Our simulations indicate that the maximum snow depth in 2015/16 was the lowest of 16 years at high elevations, especially in the spring. In March 2016, weak cold air outbreaks and inactive storm-tracks cause little precipitation around central Japan, resulting in greatly reduced annual accumulated snowfall than usual at high elevations. Warmer April conditions also contribute to accelerated snow melting, resulting in the disappearance of snow at high elevations one-month earlier than usual. Analysis of large-scale circulations related to past large El Niño years shows a warmer April is a typical response in El Niño events, while weak cold air outbreaks and inactive storm-tracks are contributed by the extratropical internal variation rather than lingering El Niño effects in tropics.

著者

安岡 匡也 Masaya Yasuoka

出版者

関西学院大学産業研究所

雑誌

産研論集 = The review of economics and business management (ISSN:02881667)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.105-113, 2016-03

著者

Miyuu TANAKA Shinobu YAMAGUCHI Hideo AKIYOSHI Masaya TSUBOI Kazuyuki UCHIDA Takeshi IZAWA Jyoji YAMATE Mitsuru KUWAMURA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0487, (Released:2017-10-10)

被引用文献数

4

---

Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe axonal swelling (spheroids) throughout the nervous system. In dogs, NAD has been reported in several breeds and a missense mutation in PLA2G6 gene has recently been identified in the Papillon dog NAD. Here we performed ultrastructural analysis to clarify the detailed ultrastructural features of the Papillon dog NAD. Dystrophic axons consisted of accumulation of filamentous materials, tubulovesicular structures, and swollen edematous mitochondria with degenerated inner membranes were often observed in the CNS. At axonal terminals, degeneration of presynaptic membrane was also detected. As reported in Pla2g6 knockout mice, mitochondrial and presynaptic degeneration may be related with the pathogenesis of NAD in Papillon dogs.

著者

岩田 昌也 イワタ マサヤ Iwata Masaya

---

10738

著者

Ryoya HONDA Minoru MIZUTANI Masaya TAMURA Takashi OHIRA

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics (ISSN:09168516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E106-C, no.11, pp.698-706, 2023-11-01

---

This paper formulates a class-E synchronous RF rectifier from a new viewpoint. The key point is to introduce a matrix and convolute the DC terms into RF matrices. The explicit expression of input impedance is demonstrated in plane geometry. We find out their input impedance exhibits a geodesic arc in hyperbolic geometry under ZVS operation, where the theoretical RF-DC conversion efficiency results in 100%. We verify the developed theory both numerically (circuit simulation) and experimentally (6.78MHz, 100W). We confirm that the input impedance becomes a geodesic arc for a wide range of DC load resistance. The presented theory is quite elegant since it is based on a matrix-based formulation and plane-geometrical expression.

著者

Yukiko Sako Tatsuya Fujihara Ryosuke Ishida Masaya Sato Hiroki Sato Tomohiko Yamamoto Sohtaro Mine Harutaka Katano Yuji Yamamori

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2027-23, (Released:2023-07-19)

参考文献数

9

---

We herein report a case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) with Pasteurella multilocida bacteremia in a 65-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis who was admitted to our hospital with anorexia and severe fatigue. Laboratory tests revealed pancytopenia and liver and kidney dysfunction. After admission, he developed impaired consciousness, mucosal hemorrhaging, and septic shock. SFTS virus was detected on polymerase chain reaction testing of blood and throat swabs, and Pasteurella multocida was detected on blood culture. Despite being treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and antibiotics, the patient's condition progressively deteriorated, and he died four days after admission.

著者

Gang Ma Lancui Zhang Kan Murakami Masaki Yahata Masaya Kato

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.QH-082, (Released:2023-08-11)

---

‘Miyagawa-wase’ (Citrus unshiu Marcow.), an early-season citrus variety, is rich in multiple nutrients and widely consumed in Japan. In ‘Miyagawa-wase’, when the pulp reaches maturity and is ready to eat, the peel is still a greenish color because of the relatively high temperature in the harvest season. In this study, to improve the coloration of ‘Miyagawa-wase’ peel, we treated the fruit with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) after harvest. The results showed that postharvest treatment with NAA was effective to induce chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid accumulation in ‘Miyagawa-wase’ peel during storage. In the NAA treatment, the reduction in the chlorophyll contents after harvest was in parallel with decreases in the expression of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes (CitGGDR, CitCHLH, CitCHL27, CitPORA, and CitCAO) and an increase in chlorophyll degradation gene CitPPH. The contents of the major carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin and 9-cis-violaxanthin, were increased by the NAA treatment through upregulation of the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb2, and CitHYb) after harvest. In addition, it was found that the positive effect on degreening in the NAA treatment was inhibited by the ethylene antagonist 1-MCP. In the combination treatment using NAA and 1-MCP, the total chlorophyll content was much higher, while the contents of β-cryptoxanthin and 9-cis-violaxanthin were lower compared with NAA treatment alone, indicating that the acceleration of degreening by NAA may be caused by ethylene. The results presented in this study suggest that postharvest NAA treatment is an effective method for improving the peel coloration in early-season citrus varieties.

著者

Leni MAYLINA Satoshi KAMBAYASHI Kenji BABA Masaya IGASE Takuya MIZUNO Masaru OKUDA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.99-104, 2023 (Released:2023-01-20)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

---

Canine lymphoma/leukemia cell lines with p16 protein expressions: high (17–71 and GL-1) and low (CLBL-1, CLC, Nody-1, and UL-1) were treated in vitro with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, palbociclib or abemaciclib. Cell proliferation decreased as a result, with higher IC50 levels observed in the high p16 (17–71 and GL-1) and one low p16 (UL-1) cell lines compared with the low p16 cells (CLBL-1, CLC, and Nody-1). As expected, palbociclib and abemaciclib treatment reduced pRb phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, especially in cells with low p16. These results suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors have potential as new chemotherapeutic agents for canine lymphoma and high p16 protein expression may be used as a biomarker for resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy.

著者

安藤 昌也 アンドウ マサヤ Masaya ANDO

出版者

総合研究大学院大学

巻号頁・発行日

2009-03-24

---

1章 序論<br /> ユーザビリティや人間中心設計は、我が国の産業界だけでなく、世界的にも次第に定着しつつある。しかし近年、ユーザの実利用の実態と乖離したユーザビリティ評価に対する批判がなされるようになった。User Experience (UX: ユーザ体験) に対する議論の広がりや、ユーザビリティ指標の批判的研究などは、その動向の一例である。<br /> 本研究は、インタラクティブな操作を伴う製品 (インタラクティブ製品と呼ぶ) を対象に、製品を購入したユーザが実利用環境において、長期に渡り製品を利用することで形成する製品評価の構造を研究対象とする。<br /> ユーザビリティ研究分野において、実利用環境や長期の利用に関する先行研究には、フィールドユーザビリティやユーザビリティ評価の経時的変化に関する研究などがある。しかし、実利用環境における製品評価構造に関する研究はこれまで行われていない。また、消費者行動論における顧客満足研究では、製品の利用過程そのものが研究の焦点となっておらず、ユーザビリティと顧客満足に関する研究は行われていない。<br /> 本研究の目的は、インタラクティブ製品の実ユーザが、実利用環境での利用経験に基づいて行う製品評価の構造を明らかにすることである。そのため本研究ではまず、実利用環境における製品評価について定性的研究アプローチにより把握し、ユーザの製品評価構造及びの心理的要因を明らかにする。次に、導出した製品評価構造に基づき、定量的に把握可能な変数を定めた上で、定量的研究アプローチによって実際の評価構造を検証する。なお、定量的研究では、ユーザの心理的要因と製品評価との相互関係に着目し分析を行う。<br /><br />2章 実利用経験に基づく製品評価構造<br /> 製品の長期利用の実態と評価の関係を把握するために、7名のインフォーマントに対して、製品利用の来歴を記入する利用年表を用いた回顧的なデプスインタビューを行った。<br /> デプスインタビュー結果の分析から、長期にわたる製品の利用と評価に対する洞察を得た上で、利用経験 (出来事) と評価の関係性に注目し、修正版グラウンデッド・セオリー・アプーチ (M-GTA) により、共通の事象を概念として抽出し、「製品評価プロセスモデル」を導出した。分析過程では、発話データのコーディングに基づいて20個の概念を抽出し、さらにそれを10個のカテゴリにまとめた。<br /> 製品評価プロセスモデルでは、利用経験と製品評価の関係については把握できたものの、インタラクティブ製品の利用に対するユーザの心理的要因の影響については十分ではなかった。そこで、改めて同一のインフォーマント6名と追加の4名の計10名に対して、インタラクティブ製品を利用する際の態度や感情などに注目して、デプスインタビューを行いM-GTAを用いて分析を行った。<br /> その結果、ユーザの心理的要因として「インタラクティブ製品の利用に対する自己効力感(自己効力感)」と「利用対象製品に対する製品関与(製品関与)」の2つの要因を抽出した。<br /> これら二つの調査と分析の結果から、「実利用環境での利用経験に基づく製品評価構造(製品評価構造)」を導出した。<br /><br />3章 製品利用に関する心理尺度の構成<br /> 3章では、2章で導出した製品評価構造に基づいて、ユーザの心理的要因である自己効力感を測定する心理尺度と製品関与を測定する心理尺度を、それぞれ構成した。<br /> 自己効力感尺度は、1,200件の訪問留置法による質問紙調査によりデータを把握し、因子分析等によって項目選択を行い、最終的に1因子20項目で構成される尺度を作成した。<br /> 製品関与尺度は、製品の普及率のバランスを考慮し、8種類のインタラクティブ製品と2種類の白物家電を取り上げ、それぞれの製品に対する関与度を把握するウェブ調査を実施した。有効回答数は600件である。分析では、因子分析等によって項目選択を行い、10項目の尺度原案を作成した。ウェブ調査はサンプルの偏りが大きいことが指摘されているため、ウェブ調査データの補正法である傾向スコアによる共変量調整法を用いて、データの補正を行った。補正後のデータを用いて、10項目の尺度原案の因子構造が安定的であることを確認した。これらの手続きにより、最終的に3因子10項目による尺度を構成した。<br /><br />4章 ユーザの心理的要因と製品評価<br /> 4章では、2章で導出した製品評価構造に基づいて、実際の製品の製品評価を把握した。対象とした製品はアップル社の「iPod nano」である。iPodはユーザビリティやUser Experienceを考慮した製品だといわれており、また、普及率も高くデータを収集しやすいことから調査対象とした。<br /> 調査方法はウェブ調査とし、サンプリングは2年未満の利用期間を5つの区分に分割して、各期間のユーザの回答を収集した。有効回答数は262件である。<br /> 製品評価は、ユーザビリティ評価に関するものとUser Experienceに関するもので、合計85項目について回答を得た。因子分析を行った結果、「使う喜び・愛着感」「主観的ユーザビリティ評価」「不満感」の3つの評価因子が抽出された。これらの評価因子の因子得点を、利用期間ごとの平均値で比較したところ、利用期間によって大きく異なる傾向があり、2章で示した製品評価プロセスモデルの特徴と類似する傾向が見られた。<br /> また調査では、3章で構成した自己効力感尺度及び製品関与尺度を把握し、尺度得点を算出した。<br /> ユーザの心理的要因と製品評価の関係を分析するために、自己効力感及び製品関与の尺度得点と、3つの評価因子の因子得点を用いて、共分散構造分析を行った。分析モデルは、2章の製品評価構造に基づいてパス図を作成した。その結果、自己効力感は「主観的ユーザビリティ評価」に正の影響があり、製品関与は「使う喜び・愛着感」と「主観的ユーザビリティ評価」の両方に正の影響があった。<br /> また「使う喜び・愛着感」が利用経験に基づく製品評価の総合的な評価であることを示した。<br /> 製品評価の特徴をわかりやすく分析するために、自己効力感尺度得点と製品関与尺度得点の分布に基づいて、ユーザを4群に分割し、製品評価、利用経験 (出来事) 及び利用実態の特徴を分析した。その結果、ほとんどの項目で各群に有意な差があり、ユーザの特性に応じた製品評価の特徴を、的確に把握・分析できることを示した。<br /><br />5章 結論<br /> 本研究で得られた、実利用環境での利用経験に基づく製品評価構造及び、ユーザの心理的要因が製品評価に及ぼす影響に関する知見を整理し、ユーザビリティ活動において実利用環境での製品評価を把握することの重要性を、従来のユーザビリティテストと対比させて考察した。<br /> また、ユーザの心理的要因尺度の尺度得点によってユーザを分類し、製品評価を分析する手法の有効性を示し、実利用環境における製品評価の分析手法として提案した。この手法は、SEPIA手法 (Self-Efficacy & Product Involvement Analysis) と名付けた。またSEPIA手法は、新しいユーザ支援のあり方の検討にも応用することができ、試みとして自己効力感を高めることにより、ユーザビリティの問題点を緩和するアイディアについて検討を行った。<br /><br /> 本研究は、得られた知見の一般化にはなお限界があり、今後の研究により知見を蓄積することが必要である。また他にも検討すべき課題があるものの、今後の研究の基礎となる研究成果は得られており、実ユーザの利用体験をより快適で満足度の高いものとするために、貢献できるものと考えている。

著者

Namiko IKEDA Daiki KATO Masaya TSUBOI Ryohei YOSHITAKE Shotaro ETO Sho YOSHIMOTO Masahiro SHINADA Satoshi KAMOTO Yuko HASHIMOTO Yousuke TAKAHASHI James CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Ryohei NISHIMURA Takayuki NAKAGAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.12, pp.1885-1890, 2021 (Released:2021-12-02)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

---

Cancer immunotherapy is a novel cancer treatment for canine tumors. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is overexpressed in some human tumors and inhibits antitumor immunity. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated expression pattern of IDO1 and the nature of IDO1-expressing cells in canine normal and tumor tissues. In normal tissue samples, IDO1 expression was detected only in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsil tissues, and colon tissues. In contrast, IDO1-positive tumor cells were observed in several tumor tissue types. This is the first study to evaluate IDO1 expression in canine normal and tumor tissues, and the results suggest that IDO1 is a promising target for novel cancer immunotherapy in dogs with tumors.

著者

Ryota Hyodo Yasuo Takehara Ayumi Nishida Masaya Matsushima Shinji Naganawa

出版者

Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.mp.2021-0069, (Released:2021-10-07)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1

---

Purpose: To elucidate MRI features of primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, particularly, the “speckled enhancement” on gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI.Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective observational study and waived informed consent. Using our picture archiving and communication systems and electronic medical records, five patients histopathologically diagnosed as hepatic MALT lymphoma and clinically confirmed as primary lesions who had undergone dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-CT and DCE-MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA were identified from September 2009 to December 2020. Two radiologists assessed their CT and MRI data in consensus with a pathologist’s advice.Results: Overall, five lesions in five patients were included in this study. Precontrast CT showed hypoattenuation in all lesions. In the arterial phase of DCE-CT, four lesions (80%) showed hyperattenuation, whereas all lesions showed iso- to hypoattenuation in the delayed phase. A vessel penetration sign was also observed in all lesions. On MRI, all lesions showed hypointensity on T1-weighted images, hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, and restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted images. Both DCE-CT and DCE-MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA showed similar enhancement patterns, except for the hepatocyte phase. Notably, however, four out of five lesions showed characteristic “speckled enhancement” that refers to punctate positive enhancements within the low signal lesions on the hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI pathologically confirmed to be hepatocyte clusters that remained in the tumor.Conclusion: Primary hepatic MALT lymphomas were characterized by arterial phase enhancement, restricted diffusion, vessel penetration sign, and more specifically “speckled enhancement” in the hepatobiliary phase of DCE-MRI with Gd-EOB-DTPA.