著者

Takuro NAGAHARA Koichi OHNO Itsuma NAGAO Taisuke NAKAGAWA Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Masaya TSUBOI James K. CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Hirotaka TOMIYASU Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21-0363, (Released:2021-12-01)

被引用文献数

1

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Intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) is a common complication in dogs. Since nitric oxide (NO) is known to relax the lymphatic duct, we evaluated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression using immunohistochemistry in 13 dogs with lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) with or without IL. The duodenal iNOS expressing cells were significantly increased in dogs with IL-negative or IL-positive LPE dogs (P=0.025, P=0.007) compared with control dogs. However, there was no significant difference in iNOS expression between IL-positive and IL-negative tissues. Based on these results, there is no clear evidence for the NO overproduction in the pathogenesis of IL in dogs with LPE. Factors other than NO could, thus, contribute to IL in dogs with LPE.

著者

Namiko IKEDA Daiki KATO Masaya TSUBOI Ryohei YOSHITAKE Shotaro ETO Sho YOSHIMOTO Masahiro SHINADA Satoshi KAMOTO Yuko HASHIMOTO Yousuke TAKAHASHI James CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Ryohei NISHIMURA Takayuki NAKAGAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21-0217, (Released:2021-10-22)

被引用文献数

1

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Cancer immunotherapy is a novel cancer treatment for canine tumors. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is overexpressed in some human tumors and inhibits antitumor immunity. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated expression pattern of IDO1 and the nature of IDO1-expressing cells in canine normal and tumor tissues. In normal tissue samples, IDO1 expression was detected only in the lymph nodes, spleen, tonsil tissues, and colon tissues. In contrast, IDO1-positive tumor cells were observed in several tumor tissue types. This is the first study to evaluate IDO1 expression in canine normal and tumor tissues, and the results suggest that IDO1 is a promising target for novel cancer immunotherapy in dogs with tumors.

著者

Satoshi KAMOTO Masahiro SHINADA Daiki KATO Masaya TSUBOI Sho YOSHIMOTO Ryohei YOSHITAKE Shotaro ETO Namiko IKEDA Yosuke TAKAHASHI Yuko HASHIMOTO James CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Shinji YAMADA Mika K. KANEKO Ryohei NISHIMURA Yukinari KATO Takayuki NAKAGAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0608, (Released:2021-10-18)

被引用文献数

2

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Podoplanin is expressed in various human tumors where it promotes tumor progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and distant metastasis. Podoplanin is also expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts and induces tumor malignancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate podoplanin expression in various types of feline tumor tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that podoplanin was expressed in cells of 13/15 (87%) squamous cell carcinomas and 5/19 (26%) fibrosarcomas. Moreover, cancer-associated fibroblasts expressed podoplanin in most tumor types, including 18/21 (86%) mammary adenocarcinoma tissues. Our findings demonstrate that various types of feline tumor tissues expressed podoplanin, indicating the importance of the comparative aspects of podoplanin expression, which may be used as a novel research model for podoplanin biology.

著者

Toshie ISERI Masaya NAKAMORI Yuka FUJIMOTO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0611, (Released:2021-10-14)

被引用文献数

1

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General anesthesia reduces hepatic blood flow (HBF) from circulatory depression. Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is associated with decreased circulatory depression compared to inhalation anesthesia, and epidural anesthesia using local anesthetics increases blood flow by blocking the sympathetic nerves and expanding blood vessels. We investigated the effects of thoracolumbar epidural anesthesia with TIVA on HBF in dogs. Six Beagle dogs had epidural catheters placed between T13 and L1 and were anesthetized with propofol and vecuronium. Physiological saline (control) or 2% lidocaine (0.2 ml/kg, followed by 0.2 ml/kg/hr) was administered at 1–2 weeks intervals. Heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were recorded at 10-min intervals from before epidural injections (T0) to 110 min. Indocyanine green test was used to measure HBF during the awake state and until 90 min after epidural injections. HR and CI did not differ between treatments. MAP and SVRI after lidocaine were significantly lower than those of controls, and the lowest MAP value was 65 ± 11 mmHg at T10. Compared to T0, after lidocaine treatment, HBF was significantly higher at T30, T60 and T90 (P<0.05); while, after control treatment, no significant change was evident at any time point. Despite a decrease in MAP by this technique, HBF was either maintained at pre-anesthetic levels or increased in comparison to controls, probably due to vasodilation of the hepatic artery induced by the selective blockade sympathetic ganglia.

著者

Sang-il LEE Takeshi NISHI Masaya TAKAHASHI Shigekazu HIGUCHI

出版者

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-0245, (Released:2021-09-28)

被引用文献数

4

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A nighttime nap is expected to mitigate melatonin suppression during night work by blocking light input to the retina, but it is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a nap break on melatonin level, subjective sleepiness, and vigilance performance during simulated night work. Eleven healthy young males (mean ± SD age: 22.2 ± 4.1 years) participated in counterbalanced crossover design experiments with two conditions (nap vs. no nap). The subjects performed 12-hour simulated night work from 21:00 to 9:00 h (illuminance: ~500 lx). Subjects with a nap condition took a nap for 2 hours in a dark room from 3:00, while subjects with a no nap condition continued the simulated night work. The results showed that immediately after the 2-h nap break, the melatonin level at 5:00 h temporarily recovered from light-induced melatonin suppression during the simulated night work but significantly suppressed again at 7:00 and 9:00 h. Subjective alertness and vigilance performance were impaired immediately after the nap break but subsequently enhanced. The results suggest that a single nap break for 2 hours could be a strategy to enhance alertness during the last part of night shift but inadequate for mitigating melatonin suppression.

著者

Masahiro Ueda Chiaki Komiya Sayuki Arii Kohshi Kusumoto Masaya Denda Keiichiro Okuhira Akira Shigenaga Akira Otaka

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.12, pp.1226-1232, 2020-12-01 (Released:2020-12-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 4

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Proteins incorporating artificial moieties such as fluorophores and drugs have enjoyed increasing use in chemical biology and drug development research. Preparation of such artificial protein derivatives has relied mainly on native chemical ligation in which peptide/protein thioesters chemoselectively react with N-terminal cysteine (Cys) peptides to afford protein molecules. The protein thioesters derived from expressed proteins represent thioesters that are very useful for the preparation of artificial proteins by native chemical ligation with synthetic peptides with N-terminal Cys. We recently have developed a traceless thioester-producing protocol using carboxypeptidase Y (CPaseY) which is compatible with an expressed protein. The traceless character is ensured by CPaseY-mediated hydrazinolysis of C-terminal Xaa (X)-Cys-proline (Pro)-leucine (Leu)-OH sequence followed by an auto-processing of the Cys-Pro (CP) dipeptide unit, affording the corresponding X-thioester (X-SR). However, hydrazinolysis of the amide bond in the prolyl leucine junction depends significantly on the nature of X. In the case of hydrophobic X residues, the hydrazinolysis overreacts to give several hydrazides while the reaction of hydrophilic X residues proceeds slowly. In this research, we attempted to develop an X-independent CPaseY-mediated protocol and found that the incorporation of a triple CP sequence into the C-terminal end (X-(CP)3-Leu-OH) allows for efficient X-SR formation in a manner that is independent of X.

著者

Osamu SAKAI Shoji OGINO Toshihiro TSUKUI Masaya IGASE Takuya MIZUNO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.10, pp.1495-1499, 2021 (Released:2021-10-02)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) CAR-T cell therapy targeting CD20 can be a novel adoptive cell therapy for canine patients with B-cell malignancy. After injection of the CAR-T cells in vivo, monitoring circulating CAR-T cells is essential to prove in vivo persistence of CAR-T cells. In this study, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody against canine CD20 CAR, whose single-chain variable fragment was derived from the our previously reported anti-canine CD20 therapeutic antibody. Furthermore, we proved that this monoclonal antibody can detect therapeutic anti-canine CD20 chimeric antibody in the serum from healthy beagle dogs injected with the therapeutic antibody for safety study. This monoclonal antibody is a useful tool for monitoring both canine CD20-CAR-T cells and anti-canine CD20 therapeutic antibody for canine lymphoma.

著者

Osamu SAKAI Shoji OGINO Toshihiro TSUKUI Masaya IGASE Takuya MIZUNO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21-0326, (Released:2021-08-19)

被引用文献数

2

---

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) CAR-T cell therapy targeting CD20 can be a novel adoptive cell therapy for canine patients with B-cell malignancy. After injection of the CAR-T cells in vivo, monitoring circulating CAR-T cells is essential to prove in vivo persistence of CAR-T cells. In this study, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody against canine CD20 CAR, whose single-chain variable fragment was derived from the our previously reported anti-canine CD20 therapeutic antibody. Furthermore, we proved that this monoclonal antibody can detect therapeutic anti-canine CD20 chimeric antibody in the serum from healthy beagle dogs injected with the therapeutic antibody for safety study. This monoclonal antibody is a useful tool for monitoring both canine CD20-CAR-T cells and anti-canine CD20 therapeutic antibody for canine lymphoma.

著者

Ayako Imanishi Tomokazu Murata Masaya Sato Kazuhiro Hotta Itaru Imayoshi Michiyuki Matsuda Kenta Terai

出版者

Japan Society for Cell Biology

雑誌

Cell Structure and Function (ISSN:03867196)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.129-140, 2018 (Released:2018-08-10)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

3 10

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For more than a century, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining has been the de facto standard for histological studies. Consequently, the legacy of histological knowledge is largely based on H&E staining. Due to the recent advent of multi-photon excitation microscopy, the observation of live tissue is increasingly being used in many research fields. Adoption of this technique has been further accelerated by the development of genetically encoded biosensors for ions and signaling molecules. However, H&E-based histology has not yet begun to fully utilize in vivo imaging due to the lack of proper morphological markers. Here, we report a genetically encoded fluorescent marker, NuCyM (Nucleus, Cytosol, and Membrane), which is designed to recapitulate H&E staining patterns in vivo. We generated a transgenic mouse line ubiquitously expressing NuCyM by using a ROSA26 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone. NuCyM evenly marked the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus in most tissues, yielding H&E staining-like images. In the NuCyM-expressing cells, cell division of a single cell was clearly observed as five basic phases during M phase by three-dimensional imaging. We next crossed NuCyM mice with transgenic mice expressing an ERK biosensor based on the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Using NuCyM, ERK activity in each cell could be extracted from the FRET images. To further accelerate the image analysis, we employed machine learning-based segmentation methods, and thereby automatically quantitated ERK activity in each cell. In conclusion, NuCyM is a versatile cell morphological marker that enables us to grasp histological information as with H&E staining.Key words: in vivo imaging, histology, machine learning, molecular activity

著者

Mayu Hibi Sakura Sugiura Tomoyuki Nakagawa Takashi Hayakawa Masaya Shimada

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.5, pp.697-702, 2021 (Released:2021-05-01)

参考文献数

19

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We examined effects of a major lipotrope, myo-inositol, on the expression of primary glycolytic (glucokinase and phosphofructokinase) and fructolytic enzyme (ketohexokinase [KHK] and aldolase B) genes in the livers of rats fed a control diet, high-sucrose diet, or high-sucrose diet supplemented with 0.5% myo-inositol for 14 d. Supplementation with myo-inositol decreased the hepatic expression of fructolytic enzyme genes, but not that of glycolytic enzyme genes, and the levels of triglycerides, fatty acid synthase, and KHK proteins in high-sucrose diet-induced fatty liver. The study results suggest that myo-inositol represses primary fructlysis, but not glycolysis, in high-sucrose diet-induced fatty liver.

著者

Shuai WANG Masaya NAKATSUKA Shinji TAKADA

出版者

The Association of Rural Planning

雑誌

農村計画学会論文集 (ISSN:24360775)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.77-84, 2021 (Released:2021-08-25)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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Less developed rural China has been suffering from aging cadres for decades, while college graduates are facing serious employment pressure. Based on this situation, the Shandong provincial government initiated the Selected College Student Village Officials (SCSVO) project, establishing a labour circulation system between rural and urban areas for college students. However, the number of SCSVO students is growing extremely slowly, and there is a demand for more participants. Therefore, this study clarifies the key factors that influence college studentsʼ willingness to be candidates for SCSVO. This research highlights the target characteristics of potential SCSVO candidates and provides a direction for the further development of the current SCSVO project. It applies a binary logistic regression on original data collected through questionnaires and interviews. The results reveal that (1) 37% of the respondents are willing to join the SCSVO. (2) Students with the following objective factors are more likely to join the SCSVO: younger, male, majoring in education/agronomy/medicine, personal positive impression towards rural areas, cultural-difference tolerance, and consideration of parental attitudes; these factors have significant effects on studentsʼ willingness to join. (3) For the further development of the SCSVO project, the government and SCSVO-related organisations should further disseminate the attractiveness of rural locations, such as the low-stress working conditions and natural environment.

著者

Kudo Shinichi Nomura Yoshiko Segawa Masaya Fujita Naoyuki Nakao Mitsuyoshi Sara Hammer Carolyn Schanen Terai Itaru Tamura Masahide

出版者

北海道立衛生研究所

雑誌

北海道立衛生研究所報 = Report of the Hokkaido Institute of Public Health (ISSN:04410793)

巻号頁・発行日

no.52, pp.103, 2002-11-29

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MeCP2の遺伝子変異は、Rett症候群以外の疾患の患者でも見つかり、X染色体性の精神発達遅滞を伴う男性患者においても報告された。これらの患者ではMBD内の変異として137番目のGluからGlyと140番目AlaからValのアミノ酸変異が確認された。これらの変異に関して、開発した二つの機能解析系を用いて解析を行ったところ、140番目の変異では、メチル化DNAに対しての転写抑制活性は完全に維持されており、137番目の変異ではわずかに転写抑制活性の低下がみられる程度であった。また、マウス細胞のヘテロクロマチン親和性についても140番と137番目の変異は共に明らかな点状の像を示し、親和性は維持されていた。これらの遺伝性の精神発達遅滞を伴う男性患者でのMeCP2の変異は、その機能への影響がレット症候群の場合と比較して軽度であるため、Rett症候群とは異なる病態を呈する成因となっている可能性が示唆された。

著者

Makoto Sugihara Kaori Mine Makito Futami Yuta Kato Tadaaki Arimura Masaya Yano Yosuke Takamiya Takashi Kuwano Shin-ichiro Miura

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CR-20-0095, (Released:2020-10-16)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4

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Background:Drug-coated balloon strategies in endovascular therapy often result in severe dissection, so lesion preparation must be improved. We evaluated the efficacy of a gradual inflation method, termed “super slow inflation” (SSI), in preparing lesions to avoid severe dissections.Methods and Results:The association between balloon pressure and the dilatation of a model constricted vessel, as well as the load applied to the balloon surface, were determined using a burst leak detector for a quick inflation (QI; 1 atm/s) protocol and SSI (1 atm/20 s). A retrospective, single-center, non-randomized study evaluated differences in vessel dissection patterns after balloon angioplasty depending on inflation method in 81 consecutive patients (mean [±SD] age 74.6±9.2 years; 54 males) who underwent balloon angioplasty for de novo femoropopliteal lesions between January 2017 and March 2019. In the constricted vessel model, vessel dilatation increased gradually using SSI, with the maximum dilatation load being approximately 100 g lower for the SSI than QI protocol. In patients, the rate of severe vessel dissection was significantly lower in the SSI than non-SSI group (17.6% vs. 55.2%, respectively; P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that SSI was an independent factor preventing severe dissection (odds ratio 0.18; 95% confidence interval 0.06–0.53; P=0.002).Conclusions:SSI is a gentle and effective method for the preparation of femoropopliteal lesions to reduce the incidence of severe angiographic dissection when using drug-coated balloons.

著者

Masaya Sasaki Tomoko Johtatsu Mika Kurihara Hiromi Iwakawa Toshihiro Tanaka Shigeki Bamba Tomoyuki Tsujikawa Yoshihide Fujiyama Akira Andoh

出版者

SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH JAPAN

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.32-36, 2010 (Released:2010-07-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

19 21

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We investigated the energy expenditure in hospitalized patients with severe or moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), and compared them to healthy controls. Thirteen patients (5 women and 8 men; mean age 31.8 years; mean BMI 19.0 kg/m2) and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. The resting energy expenditure (mREE) levels were determined by indirect calorimetry. The mREEs of the UC patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (26.4 ± 3.6 vs 21.8 ± 1.7 kcal/kg/day), although the mREEs of the UC patients were almost the same as the predicted REEs (pREEs) calculated by the Harris-Benedict equation (26.4 ± 2.4 kcal/kg/day vs 26.5 ± 2.6 kcal/kg/day). The mREE/pREE ratio, which reflects stress, was 1.0 ± 0.15. In the UC patients, a significant correlation was observed between the mREEs and the clinical activity index. In conclusion, UC patients showed a hyper-metabolic status as evaluated by their mREE/body weight. Energy expenditure was significantly correlated with disease activity. From our observations, we recommend that nutritional management with more than 30–35 kcal/ideal body weight/day (calculated by the mREE × activity factor) may be optimal for active severe or moderate ulcerative colitis.

著者

Mai Inoue Masaya Sasaki Azusa Takaoka Mika Kurihara Hiromi Iwakawa Shigeki Bamba Hiromitsu Ban Akira Andoh

出版者

SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH JAPAN

雑誌

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition (ISSN:09120009)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.3, pp.215-219, 2015 (Released:2015-05-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

9 10

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We investigated the changes in energy expenditure during induction therapy in patients with severe or moderate ulcerative colitis. Thirteen patients (10 men, 3 women; mean age, 36.5 years) with ulcerative colitis admitted to the Shiga University Hospital were enrolled in this study. We measured the resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotients of these patients before and after induction therapy with indirect calorimetry. We analyzed the changes of nutritional status and serum inflammatory cytokine levels and also evaluated the relationship between energy metabolism and disease activity by using the Seo index and Lichtiger index. The resting energy expenditure was 26.3 ± 3.8 kcal/kg/day in the active stage and significantly decreased to 23.5 ± 2.4 kcal/kg/day after induction therapy (p<0.01). The resting energy expenditure changed in parallel with the disease activity index and C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokine levels. The respiratory quotient significantly increased after induction therapy. Thus, moderate to severe ulcerative colitis patients had a hyper-metabolic status, and the energy metabolism of these patients significantly changed after induction therapy. Therefore, we recommend that nutritional management with 30–34 kcal/kg/day (calculated as measured resting energy expenditure × activity factor, 1.3) may be optimal for hospitalized ulcerative colitis patients.

著者

Mia Fujisawa Masashi Matsushima Takashi Ueda Motoki Kaneko Ryutaro Fujimoto Masaya Sano Erika Teramura Makiko Monma Hajime Mizukami Fumio Nakahara Hidekazu Suzuki Takayoshi Suzuki Miharu Yabe Toshimasa Yabe

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.6926-20, (Released:2021-04-05)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

2

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The risk of carcinogenesis increases after 20 years old in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA). We herein report three rare cases of FA combined with esophageal cancer in women; all patients were diagnosed with FA in early childhood. Patients 1 and 2 were diagnosed with advanced and superficial esophageal cancer, respectively, at 21 and 30 years old, respectively. Patient 3 was diagnosed with superficial esophageal cancer, underwent curative surgery at 26 years old, and survived for over 5 years without recurrence. Therefore, establishing a protocol for the early detection of esophageal cancer in FA patients over 20 years old is important.

著者

Hitoshi ARAKI Makoto TAKAHASHI Takuya GOTO Masashi IKEDA Nobuyuki IWAMA Masaya IGA Akiko IKEGUCHI Junya TATEMI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.267-271, 2006-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

著者

Hiroki TAKAMURA Hiroshi KADOMURA Hidehiro SOHMA Norio TASE Hiromi HAMADA Yuichi SUZUKI Akihiko INAMURA Hiroshi SHIMAZU Payzulla ZAYDUN Tsuyoshi OHTA Masaya YASUHARA Tashpolat TIYIP Tadashi KONO Hamid YIMIT Heigang XIONG Wei ZHONG Heigang XIONG Nurbay ABDUSALIH Peipou HUANG Hiroyuki SAWADA Hiroshi UMEMURA Kentaro SUZUKI Gulmira OMAR Kunihiko ENDO Motoko KANEMAKI Xiaoyu MA Jianli DING Jianqian ZHAN

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.12, pp.750-761, 2002-10-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

著者

Shuichi SHINOHARA Masaya YANAI Satoru ITO Akira TABAYASHI Hironobu IMURA Shunsaku NAKAMURA Hiroki YAMASHITA Satoshi SUYAMA Kiyomi HAYASHI Takeshi NAKAZAWA Shigemichi MOTODA Osamu HASHIMURA

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.5, pp.371-377, 2002-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

著者

MASAYA SAKURAGAWA

出版者

JAPANESE ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION

雑誌

The Economic Studies Quarterly (ISSN:0557109X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.216-232, 1993-09-20 (Released:2007-10-19)

参考文献数

11

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In the presence of asymmetric information between a lender and a borrower with costly monitoring, we investigate a contract form and an optimal loan size are investigated. The optimal contract has the features of a standard debt contract. However, the optimal loan size does not always take the form of maximum equity participation. If per unit of return from lending is a decreasing function of the loan size, the contract takes the form of maximum equity participation. Conversely, if per unit of return from lending is an increasing function of the loan size, overinvestment or overborrowing may arise.