著者

千葉 勝吾 大多和 直樹 Shogo CHIBA Naoki OTAWA 東洋大学大学院 東京大学 Graduate School of Toyo University University of Tokyo

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, pp.67-87, 2007-11-30 (Released:2017-02-28)

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The school system continues to occupy a central position in the system of social distribution. However, the school is changing from a social screening institution, as it was in the 1970s, to a support institution. Schools now tend to support the decision-making of students based on their own academic achievements and career plans. It is difficult for schools to intervene in students' decision-making in the way they did in the 1970s. However, the relationship between student's school records and their academic and career achievements has not been broken down despite the drastic change in this internal process. In this paper, the authors describe this mechanism in the school by investigating one commercial high school in the Metropolitan area. The authors examine data from the "Student Kartes" of all students in 2002. In these documents, teachers record students' academic achievements and their process of career determing. The authors then analyze how students move between the various channels offered by the school to make academic and career choices, and show some typical patterns. The main conclusions are as follows. First, many students failed to attend group counseling formally provided by the school, and teachers need to give individual support to students. Second, ironically, due to the fact that academic affairs were not highly valued at the commercial high school and that academic competition was not stiff, students with a strong commitment to school tended to have better achievement than those who had a weak commitment. In that sense, the school, as a support institution, also functions as a social screening institution.

著者

北澤 毅

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, pp.5-23, 2012-06-15 (Released:2013-06-17)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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ある出来事が問題視されることが起点となって,その出来事をもたらした原因探求が開始される。原因探求は,問題事象を理解し解決策を検討するためであると同時に,問題事象をもたらした責任の所在を特定するための試みと考えられている。それゆえ原因探求に躍起となるのだが,そうした試みはしばしば泥沼化し,問題事象は混迷を深め悲劇をもたらすことがある。 本稿では,いじめ自殺と水俣病という,ほとんど無関係と思われる社会問題を対比させることで,「責任の根拠としての原因」という認識に導かれた言説実践がどのような現実を生み出してきたか,そして今も生み出しているかを明らかにしようと試みた。そのためにまずは,「意志と責任」「年齢と責任」「カテゴリーと責任」「偶然と責任」という視点から「因果関係と責任」の論理関係を検討することで,「責任の根拠として原因」という認識の論理的矛盾を明らかにした。と同時に,私たちの社会のなかで原因解明と責任追及がいかに実践されているかを言説分析の視点から解明することで「実践と認識の二重性」を指摘し,そうした二重性がもたらす困難を描き出すために,いじめ自殺と水俣病に見られる構造的同型性(=原因究明言説の隘路)を論じた。 そして最後に,「責任の根拠としての原因」という認識がもたらす困難から脱却するための二つの方向性を示唆した。一つは,無過失責任論の可能性であり,もう一つは責任言説の再編可能性である。

著者

韓 東賢

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, pp.109-129, 2015

被引用文献数

1

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ヤング(Young 訳書,2007)は,欧米におけるポスト工業化社会への変化が,同化と結合を基調とする「包摂型社会」から分離と排除を基調とする「排除型社会」への移行でもあったと指摘する。一方,敗戦後,米軍の占領期を経て厳格なエスニック・ネイションとして再出発した日本では多文化主義的な社会統合政策が取られたことはなく,そのような意味での「包摂型社会」になったことはないと言えよう。にもかかわらず,日本でも1990年代から徐々に始まっていたヤングのいう意味での「排除型社会」化の進行は見られる。つまり,「包摂型社会」を中途半端にしか経由せず,そのためそこでの同化主義への処方箋である多文化主義も経由せずに,にもかかわらず「バックラッシュ」が来ている,というかたちで,だ。<BR> 本稿ではこうした流れを,朝鮮学校の制度的位置づけ,処遇問題からあとづけていく。そこから見えてきたものは次の3 点であると言える。①仮に戦後の日本がヤングのいう意味での包摂型社会だったとしても,その基調は同化と結合ではなく,「排除/同化」――排除と同化の二者択一を迫るもの――であった。②2000年代には,このような「排除/同化」の基調を引き継ぎながら,にもかかわらず,「多文化主義へのバックラッシュ」としての排除を露骨化,先鋭化させた排除型社会になった。③そのような「排除/同化」,また2000年代以降の排除の露骨化,先鋭化において,朝鮮学校の処遇はつねにその先鞭,象徴だった。

著者

矢野 眞和

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.5-20, 2000-05-10 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

15

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Globalization can be described as the flow of goods, capital, technology, people and value across borders. It is a process which affects the socioeconomic policies, including educational policies, of different country in different ways.The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept and meaning of globalization, and to look at strategies for integrating the dimension of globalization into education, focusing in particular on the impact of the global economy and new information technology. It includes a discussion of the breakdown of Japanese economic nationalism in the 1990s, an exploration of why education is important for responding to globalization, and a description of the main problems of the marketization of education.The key to Japan's economic success in the postwar period lay in the development of the doctrine of economic nationalism, through which the social progress of workers and their families was advanced through the pursuit of the expansion and security of firms. This economic nationalism was emphasized by the system of lifelong employment, and the rapid growth of export industries in the 1975-90 period.The economic recession in the early 90s marked the breakdown of Japanese economic nationalism, and was accompanied by an increasing awareness of a global economy and innovation of information technology.A new consensus of the role of education is based on the idea that nations are able to win a competitive advantages in the world wide knowledge based economy through investment in new technology and upgrading the quality of human resources by the marketization of education.This idea, however, threatens to increase the social inequalities and undermine the foundations of social solidarity. In order to reduce these problems it is necessary to rebuild the educational and employment institution and to upgrade the quality of local labor forces and industries.

著者

清水 睦美

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.111-126, 2004-05-20 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

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This paper attempts to outline and discuss the role of the educational sociologist, by re-examining the author's own ethnographic study on newcomer children in Japanese public schools. It also tries to understand the process of “clinical” studies, focusing on the relationship between the field and the academic realm ofeducational sociology.The “field” is primarily a research object for the researcher. However, ethnographic studies in general assume that the text needs to be checked by theinformants on the field. The informants, i. e. the field members, have become the “audience” of the research in this process.For the researcher, obtaining an audience on the field may indicate that theresearch is soon to end. However, for the audiences, it is the time to begin newpractice. At this stage, the researcher needs to make the difficult decision ofwhether to leave the field or not. In this case, the author chose to remain in thefield and took the role of “reburying” the research results as an educationalsociologist. As a consequence of this entire process, the study contributed tochanging practice in the field, and newcomer children have come to be supportedas “having special needs.”As practice in the field begins to change, the researcher comes to feel thatthe real end of the research is arriving. For the second time, the researcher facesthe question of whether to leave the field or not. In this case, the author shiftedher focus to the relationship between newcomer children and school achievement, which has been a pending issue in the field.This research led to the author's taking on the new role of offering researchresults as a resource for practice, and consequently to feel the need to researchthe problem as an educational sociologist. In other words, there is a need tointroduce to the field the research results that have been accumulated in therealm of educational sociology.From her experiences obtained from the ethnographic study, the authorconcludes that the significance of “clinical” studies is to address a differentaspect of the issue. Field members and educational sociologists need to collaborateto make the best use of research findings for that purpose.

著者

小澤 浩明 中京大学 西田 芳正

出版者

東洋館出版社

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, pp.245-248, 2010-06-30

著者

稲葉 浩一

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, pp.91-115, 2013-11-30 (Released:2015-03-25)

参考文献数

13

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本稿は『生徒指導提要』(文部科学省)の記述に見られるように,児童生徒の個性尊重と児童生徒理解の方法が,しばしば多くの「注文」をつけて語られることに着目し,その実践の起源ともいえる個性調査において実際の教師たちはどのように児童らを「理解」していたのかを明らかにするものである。主として大正期から昭和初期にかけて多く発刊された個性調査のテキストは,典型的には教師の個性調査実践を「客観的基礎」に欠けものとし,そこに「失敗」の可能性を想定するものであった。だが一方本稿が見た大正期の個性調査簿の記録は,そのような方法をもって児童の「ありのまま」に接近するようなものではなく,むしろ個性調査簿の様式に則りながらも,前年度までの児童の「個性」をその次の年度の教師が参照し,児童たちの「らしさ」ともいえる「パターン」を再構成するという言説-解釈実践を行うものであった。これはいうなれば教師による児童の「性格づけ」・「語り継ぎ」の実践であったといえるだろう。以上のことからわかるのは,公的な言説が要求する「理解」のあり方と異なったものであっても,教師は日常生活者として十分な理由をもって児童らの個性を理解=解釈していたということである。その意味で「よりよい精確な」理解が教育現場に要請される以上そこには原理的な「困難」が常に潜在し,「注文」が尽きることはないというのが本稿の結論となる。

著者

太田 拓紀

出版者

THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, pp.169-190, 2012

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教師の職業的社会化は養成段階にて始まるわけではない。例えば,ローティは長期間に及ぶ生徒としての学校生活や教師との対面的接触を「観察による徒弟制」と称し,教職の社会化過程として捉えた。この理論的枠組に依拠し,本稿では教員志望者における過去の学校経験の特性を明らかにするとともに,その過程にいかなる教師の予期的社会化作用が潜んでいるのかを検証・考察することを目指した。<BR> まず,大学生対象の質問紙調査のデータから分析を行い,家族関係,学業成績の影響を統制した上でも,生徒時代におけるリーダーの経験が教職志望の判別要因として効果の強いことが明らかになった。それはいずれの学校段階の教員を志望するにしても同様の結果であった。<BR> 続いて,教員志望学生対象のインタビュー調査の結果から,リーダーに教師役割が委任され,指導的なふるまいが期待されていたことに着目した。そしてその過程に,教職への志向性を高める契機が含まれていると考えられた。ただし,指導的な行為に伴う彼らの葛藤は,この段階での社会化の限界を示唆するものであった。また,彼らに教師役割の委任を可能にするのは,学校文化に同化した性向が関係していると考察した。<BR> 最後に,「観察による徒弟制」の観点から,学校経験の過程で形成される教育観には養成段階の教育効果を損なう問題があると論じ,教師教育は過去の学校経験と養成教育との接続にも目を向けるべきであると提起した。

著者

油布 佐和子

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, pp.23-38, 2010-06-30

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教職における病気休職者増加を説明する理論が見当たらない理由の一一つは,教職を公務労働(教育公務員)として認識する視点が欠落していることによる。本論文では,第一に,感情労働論・ケアワーク論を手がかりに,共同体で営まれていた<人を育てる>という活動が職業となることについての問題を,クライアントとの関係という点から検討する。そこでは,教育的な関係や言説において,絶えず情緒や感情が重視されることの理由が示される。第二に,そうした子どもとの教育的関係が,公務員として雇われて働く「労働過程」のなかにおかれていることに起因する問題を,感情労働論の議論を借りて考察する。そして第三に,現在の新自由主義的な改革の中で,公務員改革の一貫として進められている教職の様々な改革が,教師の教育活動を変容させていること,しかしながら第四に,こうした趨勢に対応する抵抗主体としての教員集団が存在していないことの問題を指摘する。病める教師の増加は,教育という活動を共同体的な「教師-子ども関係」の認識にとどめ,「教育労働」に無自覚であることや,「小さな国家」への移行によって教育労働が変容しているという現状を認識できないことのなかで,自らに過重に責務を負わせたことから生じているといえる。教育社会学における教師研究は,教師がこうした状況や構造を侑緻する視点を提供するという点で,他の教師研究と差異化して展開されるべきだろう。

著者

細川 幹夫 高橋 均

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.54-71,en213, 1976-09-30 (Released:2011-03-18)

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Since about 1960, research on the problems of the socialization of individuals has come to the forefront of the field of Educational Sociology in America, in Germany and in Japan. We would like to discuss the reasons for this trend; in the first place, we would like to take up topics under the heading “the socialzaition of individuals”, historical studies on the conceptual origins, and the development in relation to the social, ideological and educational affairs, and the purposes of the research; and, in the second place, we would like to point out that there are two fundamental concepts concerning socialization. Seen from different viewpoints of human nature, these last are the Durkheimian sociological concept and the Dewey-Meadian socio-psychological concept. From the educational viewpoint, they may be divided into the following two: the concept of unconsciousfunctional socialization and the concept of intentional socializing education. In the third place, we would like to mention that in America the unification and harmonization of socialization and individualization were at the centre of disputes from the very beginning, and we will summarize the reasons for this in three points based on the following statement: Since 1950, research on the problems of socialization has come to dominate the field. Fourthly, we would like to take up the most seriousp roblem-that of the rigorous distinction between Sozialization and Personalisation, which exists in the German Pädagogische Anthropologie, Erziehungswissenschaft, Soziologie der Erziehung. In other words, we would like to take up the positive concept of socialization implying socialadaptation-internalization (as basic socialization, or primary education), its limitations (for human existence-conscience), and the issues involved (adaptation to present-day technology). Finally, we would like to consider the trends and issues as treated by Japanese educationalsociologists. 1) We clarify such agents of socialization as family, school and others, and make clear their characteristics; 2) We investigate the trends in the research areas of political, economic, ccupational, and moral branches of socialization, as examples in which the content of such research is examined; and 3) We take up the problem of research areas, and suggest the possibility of handling the problems of juvenile delinquency as part of the study of socialization.

著者

菊地 栄治

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.136-150, 1986-10-15 (Released:2011-08-04)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

著者

日下田 岳史 Takeshi HIGETA 東京大学大学院 Graduate School of Education The University of Tokyo

出版者

THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, pp.67-84, 2006-12-10

被引用文献数

1

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One premise of studies on the Japanese university participation rate is that there have been three stages: expansion, stagnation, and re-expansion. A second premise is the prefecture is used as the unit to determine whether students have moved upon entrance to university. However, the prefecture as a measurement unit does not always coincide with the zone from which students can attend university from home, or "the hometown." Therefore, using data from the "Student Life Survey" of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, this study directly measures the ratio of members of the 18-year-old cohort who entered university from home, and the ratio of those living away from home (1968-1998). In this paper, the former is called the university participation rate from home, and the latter the university participation rate from away from home. The finding is that for girls, the university participation rate from home has risen fairly consistently. This is important knowledge for the first premise of studies on the university participation rate. It appears that the reason why preceding studies have not given a successful explanation of the university participation rate of girls based on economic variables, whereas that of boys has been successfully explained, is because the cost of movement has not been considered. Therefore, this study confirms the effect of the cost of movement, and clarifies the difference of the determining factors of the university participation rate from home according to gender or university location. Furthermore, this study confirms a difference between girls and boys for each economic variable effect including the movement cost effect after controlling for factors peculiar to university location. The results are that the limiting conditions are more sensitive in large cities than in rural areas, and that girls are more sensitive to the limiting conditions than boys when controlling for the factor peculiar to the area. This suggests the reproduction of the composition where "girls remain in the local area, and boys move out."

著者

岩脇 千裕

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.309-327, 2004-05-20 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 2

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The purpose of this study is to clarify changes in the image of desirable characteristicsfor new university graduate hirees after the collapse of bubble economyand the growth of the university enrolment rate in Japan during the 1990s. Thehypothesis is explored that Japanese companies have changed their recruitmentpolicy away from emphasizing future training potential and toward adaptableimmediate fighting potential. For the analysis, articles from job-placementmagazines for recruitment in 1991 and 2001 are used. Words and phrases arecollected from the company recruiters' comments on the focus for hiring newgraduates. Then, a check is carried out to look at changes in the frequency of top36 items. Finally, an analysis is conducted of the combination-pattern of top 12items, using Hayashi's Statistical Method III.The major findings are as follows.(1) The most frequent five items in bothyears tend to show activeness. “Individuality” ranks high only in 1991, and “Autonomy” in 2001. There was a significant rise in items showing practicalability, and a decrease in items showing personality.(2) Analyzing the top 12items using Hayashi's Statistical Method III, two dimensions of the image ofdesirable new employees, “Appearance vs. Performance” and “Intention tomake the company active vs. Intention to develop the company, ” are found.Using the 1991 data, the items are categorized into four groups: “Cheerfulness, ” Innovative Action, “Aspiration to Achieve” and “Spiritual Strength.” For the2001 data, they are categorized into three groups, removing “Spiritual Strength.” The shift of “Autonomy” from the group “Aspiration to Achieve” to the group “Innovative Action” suggests that companies have placed increasing importanceon the results of new employees' autonomous action compared to the process inwhich they set up and attain targets.(3) Analyzing the arrangements of averagecase scores by company size and type of business, it is suggested that thebusiness condition of companies affects the image of desirable new employees.These results show that Japanese companies considered activeness as theessential element for new employees during the 1990s. However, the optionalelements have changed from “Individuality”, personality and processes to “Autonomy”, practical ability and results. Companies may have given up ontraining young employees due to their strained business conditions. In conclusion, this study reveals that the image of desirable characteristics of newgraduates changed from “objects of training” to “subjects who act autonomously”

著者

千田 有紀

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, pp.81-83, 2010-11-30

著者

松本 良夫 林 芳樹 樋田 大二郎 山田 剛

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.92-109, 1984-09-30 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

198

被引用文献数

1

著者

小林 信一

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.53-67, 1992-10-10

被引用文献数

5

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The author investigates how the present information society influences science education, using the "Savages in a Civilized Society" hypothesis. The information society after 1980 figured a transformation in each area of science and technology, product technology, media technology, media space, expression and software. Such an information society brought the fluctuation of reality, the reduction of physical existence of technology, and the enlargement of technology as medium. As a result, people's attitude toward science and technology separated to the receptivity of amenities, which science and technology offered, and the concern about science and technology activities. The improvement of science and technology amenities was not always related to the increased concern about science and technology activities. Therefore, the "savages in a civilized society" with high receptivity to science and technology amenities and low concern about science and technology activities have increased. An analysis of high school students' consideration of science and technology has revealed that the tendency to be "savages in a civilized society" is possessed by about 14 percent of high school students. The high receptivity to science and technology amenities has a positive effect on the increased desire for science education. However, the low concern about sciende and technology activities of "savages in a civilized society" decreases much more the desire for science education. Consequently, the increase of "savages in a civilized society" decreases the desire for science education as a whole. This is a paradoxical result of the advancement of science and technology. At the same time, however, it is also inevitable.

著者

渡辺 洋二

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.26-35, 1954-10-20

著者

川嶋 太津夫

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.61-82, 1994-06-10 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

著者

小玉 亮子

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, pp.98-100, 2010-11-30

著者

安藤 理

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, pp.47-65, 2006-12-10 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

21

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Studies in the sociology of education have not paid sufficient attention to the social effects of intergenerational academic background mobility. Intergenerational academic background mobility means the change between an individual's academic background and that of his/her father. This paper examines support for redistribution to clarify the effect. Using the integrated data of JGSS-2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, the author finds that college graduates whose fathers are also college graduates tend to not support redistribution compared to college graduates whose fathers are graduates from compulsory education alone. This means that intergenerational academic background mobility has a gap-widening effect. People who receive an advantage by the fact that their own fathers are college graduates tend to not support redistribution, implying that the gap will continuously expand.The policy implication of this paper is that as the percent of students pursuing higher education increases, people who tend to not support redistribution will also increase. It is possible, thus, that it will become more difficult for policy makers to implement redistribution policies.