著者

松尾 豊 Yutaka Matsuo 東京大学大学院工学系研究科 Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo

出版者

人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.373-379, 2008-05-01

著者

Junichiro MAKINO Akio MORITA Department of Natural and Artificial Systems College of Arts and Sciences University of Tokyo Department of Chemistry College of Arts and Sciences University of Tokyo

雑誌

Progress of theoretical physics = Progress of theoretical physics (ISSN:0033068X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.1264-1267, 1985-05-25

被引用文献数

6

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It is shown by carrying out numerical calculations based on the stochastic Verhulst equation that the average value of the pupulation gives only a single peak, which contradicts with the previous result with several peaks.

著者

長谷川 立 Ryu Hasegawa 東京大学大学院数理科学研究所 Graduate School of Mathematics The University of Tokyo.

出版者

日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.59-78, 2003-03-24

参考文献数

113

著者

大塚 攻 西田 周平 Susumu Ohtsuka Shuhei Nishida 広島大学生物生産学部附属水産実験所 東京大学海洋研究所 Fisheries Laboratory Hiroshima University Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo

出版者

日本海洋学会

雑誌

海の研究 = Umi no Kenkyu (Oceanography in Japan) (ISSN:21863105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.5, pp.299-320, 1997-10-05

参考文献数

151

被引用文献数

9

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The feeding ecology of marine pelagic copepods has been intensively studied since the 1910's. Recently, many new techniques, such as high-speed cinematography, deep-sea ROV, and SCUBA, have been introduced for direct observatios of their feeding behavior. These have clearly revealed that particle-feeders employ suspension feeding but not filter-feeding and that appendicularian houses are important food items for some pelagic calanoid, harpacticoid, and poecilostomatoid copepods. Particle-feeders commonly utilize microzooplankton such as ciliates and copepod nauplii and fecal pellets. Detritivory, strict selective predation, and gorging have been found exclusively in oceanic copepods. Five calanoid families Diaixidae, Parkiidae, Phaennidae, Scolecitrichidae, and Tharybidae with special sensory setae on the mouthparts and the poecilostomatoid Oncaea are considered to be adapted for feeding on detrital matter such as appendicularian houses. Some heterorhabdids probably inject a venom or anesthetic into prey animals to capture them. In the laboratory, predation on fish eggs and larvae by copepods, rejection of some dinoflagellates by calanoids, developmental inhibition of copepod eggs by feeding on some diatoms, and copepods' reactions to fecal pellets were demonstrated. Pelagic copepods constitute an assemblage of evolutionarily different groups. Among the 10 orders, calanoids supposedly first colonized the marine pelagic realm, and, at present, are most successfully adapted of any order to this environment by a wide variety of feeding mechanisms. They have developed a wide variety of feeding mechanisms. On the other hand, poecilostomatoids have secondarily become adapted to pelagic environments and are loosely associated with fish larvae and pelagic invertebrates, such as salps and appendicularians, for feeding. The calanoid family Heterorhabdidae consists of 2 particle-feeding, 3 carnivorous, and 2 intermediate genera. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the carnivores could have originated from the particle-feeders through the intermediate conditions, and that the mouthpart elements of the carnivores could be derived from those of the particle-feeders with modifications of the original elements and no addition of novel structures. Recent studies demonstrate that some copepods such as scolecitrichids and Oncaea can efficiently feed on nanoplankton trapped in appendicularian houses, and also suggest that suspension-feeders may transport diatom resting spores into the sea-bottom in the epipelagic zone and metals in the deep-sea bottoms through their feeding behavior, and that epipelagic carnivores may compete with fish larvae for copepod nauplii and dinoflagellates.

著者

須藤 康介 Kosuke SUDO 東京大学大学院 Graduate School The University of Tokyo

出版者

THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, pp.25-44, 2007-11-30

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The purpose of this paper is to grasp how science is taught in Japanese junior high schools, and to show the influences of teaching methods on academic achievement and differences between social classes, using the data of TIMSS2003. It is found that science lessons in junior high schools are taught using four teaching methods: the experiment-investigation method, society-daily life method, homework-examination method, and hearing-practice method, as well as combinations of these methods. They are not trade-offs, but are linked to one another. In this paper, the author emphasizes the following three points regarding the influence of these four teaching methods. Firstly, looking at two of the "Traditional Views on Academic Achievement, " the hearing-practice method tends to improve academic achievement, while the homework-examination method may degrade it. Thus, a return to the "Traditional Views on Academic Achievement" could potentially lead to an unintended further decline in academic achievement. Secondly, the society-daily life method, which is based on the "New Views on Academic Achievement, " may promote increased differences of academic achievement between social classes, but does not bring about a decline of academic achievement. Thirdly, an additional effect takes place on academic achievement when the hearing-practice method and society-daily life method are combined. Based on these findings, the author suggests that we should not regard "New Views on Academic Achievement" and "Traditional Views on Academic Achievement" as being in binary opposition. Rather, we should discover effective teaching methods (and a combination of them) among many kinds of "new" and "traditional" teaching methods.

著者

Ichiro TSUDA Edgar KOERNER Hiroshi SHIMIZU Bioholonics Research Project Research Development Corporation of Japan Bioholonics Research Project Research Development Corporation of Japan Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics University of Tokyo

雑誌

Progress of theoretical physics = Progress of theoretical physics (ISSN:0033068X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.1, pp.51-71, 1987-07-25

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A model which can perform learning, formation of memory without teacher for successive memory recalls is presented. The philosophical background of the study is summarized. The investigated network consists of two sets both composed of asynchronously firing model neurons. One set of neurons is responsible for the field effect, and the other is introduced as an input/output module. The field effect is given in the form of the system's self-response. It is shown that positive end negative global feedbacks by the field effect play an essential role in the successive recall of stored patterns. The possibility that these proposed mechanisms are implemented in the brain is discussed. We obtained a quasi-deterministic law on the level of a macrovariable concerning a random successive recall of memory representations by taking a Lorenz-plot of this macrovariable. We show that this macroscopic order is deterministic chaos steming from collapse of tori and this type of chaos can be an effective gadget of memory traces.

著者

片上 大輔 鳥海 不二夫 大澤 博隆 稲葉 通将 篠田 孝祐 松原 仁 Daisuke Katagami Fujio Toriumi Hirotaka Osawa Michimasa Inaba Kosuke Shinoda Hitoshi Matsubara 東京工芸大学工学部コンピュータ応用学科 東京大学大学院工学系研究科 筑波大学システム情報系 広島市立大学大学院情報科学研究科 電気通信大学大学院情報システム学研究科 公立はこだて未来大学システム情報科学部 Department of Applied Computer Science Faculty of Engineering Tokyo Polytechnic University Department of Applied Computer Science Faculty of Engineering The University of Tokyo Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Information Sciences Hiroshima City University Graduate School of Information Systems The University of Electro-Communications Faculty of Systems Information Science Future University Hakodate

雑誌

人工知能 = journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.65-73, 2015-01-01

著者

假家 英樹 小林 直樹 Hideki Kariya Naoki Kobayashi 東京大学大学院理学系研究科情報科学専攻 東京大学大学院理学系研究科情報科学専攻 Department of Information Science the University of Tokyo Department of Information Science the University of Tokyo

出版者

日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.258-262, 1999-05-17

参考文献数

5

著者

多田 富雄 溝口 文雄 Tomio Tada Fumio Mizoguchi 東京理科大学生命科学研究所 東京理科大学理工学部 Research Institute for Biological Sciences Science University of Tokyo Faculty of Science and Technology Science University of Tokyo

出版者

日本ソフトウェア科学会

雑誌

コンピュータソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.1-12, 2000-01-17

著者

椎尾 一郎 浜田 玲子 美馬 のゆり Itiro Siio Reiko Hamada Noyuri Mima お茶の水女子大学理学部情報科学科 東京大学情報理工学系研究科 公立はこだて未来大学システム情報科学部 Department of Information Sciences Ochanomizu University Graduate School of Information Science and Technology The University of Tokyo School of Systems Information Science Future University-Hakodate

出版者

Japan Society for Software Science and Technology

雑誌

コンピュータソフトウェア = Computer software (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.36-46, 2006-10-26

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

10

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キッチンは生産の場であり,調理を媒介とした教育とコミュニケーションの場でもある.このため,家庭環境の中でも,実用的なユビキタスコンピュータアプリケーションの可能性が高い場所と考えられる.そこで筆者らは,コンピュータ,ネットワーク,センサを組み込んだ未来のキッチン,Kitchen of the Futureを開発している.このコンピュータ強化されたキッチンにより,単に調理の効率を向上させるだけではなく,キッチンを学びとコミュニケーションの場として復活させることができると考えている.本論文では,Kitchen of the Futureを利用して実装した,調理の記録とネットワークでの公開と共有,調理過程の再生,遠隔地キッチンを接続しての調理支援,調理教材の効果的な提示を実現するアプリケーションについて報告する.A kitchen is a place of food production, education, and communication. As it is more active place than other parts of a house, there are lot of potential ubiquitous computing applications in a kitchen. We are developing a computer-augmented kitchen environment: the Kitchen of the Future that embeds various computing elements into a standard kitchen unit. In this paper, we will describe overview of the Kitchen of the Future system and its three applications, i.e, web-ready recipe pages generator, video conference system for cooking instruction, and interactive cooking navigation system.

著者

角 能 高橋 幸裕 Yoku KADO Yukihiro TAKAHASHI 東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科 尚美学園大学総合政策学部 The University of Tokyo Shobi University

出版者

尚美学園大学総合政策学部総合政策学会

雑誌

尚美学園大学総合政策論集 = Shobi journal of policy studies, Shobi University (ISSN:13497049)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.1-16, 2017-06-30

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本稿は認可保育所運営への株式会社の参入という保育の準市場化が、公立保育所と私立保育所との間の対自治体関係の違いに与える影響を、自治体の保育担当職員と私立(民営)保育所の園長に対する聞き取り調査の結果に基づいて分析した。株式会社が認可保育所運営に参入している自治体では、株式会社運営の保育所は、公立保育所や社会福祉法人運営保育所に比べて保育行政への参加において劣位に置かれている一方、障害児や処遇困難ケースは公立保育所と私立保育所とで等しく引き受けていることを明らかにした。対照的に、株式会社が認可保育所運営に参入していない自治体では、私立保育所の圧力団体の力が強く、障害児や処遇困難ケースの引き受け等の自治体からの負担の重い要請は公立保育所が優先的に引き受けていた。This paper analyzes how quasi-market, for-profit companies running authorized nursery schools, influences structural relations between public nursery schools and private ones against local authorities, based on interview for nursery staff at private schools and local government workers.At local authority, for-profit companies run nursery schools, they have more disadvantageous position than public ones and those run by shakai-fukushi-houjin on participating in government as nursery care. On one hand, they accept offer from local authorities about nursery care of child with disabilities or difficult cases at the same extent as public ones.In contrast, as local authority, with no nursery school run by for-profit company, as strong lobby group between private nursery schools against local authority, public nursery school mainly accept nursery care of child with disabilities or difficult cases.

著者

大井 奈美 Nami OHI 東京大学大学院学際情報学府 Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies The University of Tokyo

出版者

情報文化学会

雑誌

情報文化学会誌 = Journal of the Japan Information-culture Society (ISSN:13406531)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.7-15, 2012-08-31

参考文献数

20

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本稿は,俳人,俳句結社などの俳句共同体,俳句メディアという多様な存在の相互関係から生じるコミュニケーションの観点から,俳句現象を包括的に理解しようと試みるものである。このように個々の自律的な存在のはたらきに留意しながら,同時にそれら個々の存在のはたらきのみには還元しきれない現象の全体(「システム」)にも目を向けようとする分析視角は,従来,「セカンド・オーダー・サイバネティクス」と総称されてきた研究分野に含まれる。本稿ではそのうち,とくに「基礎情報学」にもとづいて,新傾向・無季自由律俳句と伝統派俳句とをとりあげ,俳人,俳句共同体,俳句メディアなどによる複合的な影響を考慮しながら通時的分析をおこなうことで,豊穣な近現代俳文学史の一端を多層的観点から再考した。その結果,俳文学史は,俳句コミュニケーション創出機構の変遷,すなわち「俳句システムの進化」として理解された。その核心にあったのは,俳句批評の創出や俳句理論の変容などとしてあらわれた,俳句コミュニケーション創出機構の自覚化(俳句システムによる「二次観察」)であり,それには,作家のみならす,メディアや結社制度もまた大きな役割を果たしていたことが明らかになった。This study aims to understand haiku phenomena inclusively, from the viewpoint of communication, which emerges from reciprocal relationships among haiku poets, haiku societies, media on haiku, and other establishments relating to haiku. Such an analytic point of view, which tries to consider both operation of each autonomous agent and that of a whole system consisted by the agents, is included in the realm of second order cybernetics. The operation of a system cannot totally be reduced to that of a system's components and that is why such a viewpoint is required. Fundamental informatics, which in the same study field is employed as a theoretical framework and two haiku movements, which include Shin-keiko-haiku (the new trend haiku) and Dento-ha-haiku (the Hototogisu school haiku) forming an important part of modern haiku history, are focused in this study. As a result, modern haiku history is considered to be the evolution of a haiku system, whose main incentive is awareness of production mechanism of haiku communication, which is occurred through second order observations by a haiku system. This study also illuminates how haiku poets, haiku societies and media on haiku take part in the evolution of a haiku system.

著者

相良 毅 井口 誠 藤本 和則 Takeshi Sagara Makoto Iguchi Kazunori Fujimoto 東京大学生産技術研究所 フランステレコム株式会社 有限会社フジモト・リサーチパーク Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo Research & Development Tokyo France Telecom Research & Development Tokyo Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Fujimoto Research Park Co. LTD.

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.4, pp.430-437, 2006-07-01 (Released:2017-02-17)

著者

勝川 俊雄 TOSHIO KATSUKAWA 東京大学海洋研究所 Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 = Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.4, pp.656-659, 2007-07-15

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

5 3

著者

楠本 大 Dai Kusumoto 東京大学大学院農学生命科学研究科:(現)宇都宮大学野生植物科学研究センター Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo:(Present office)Center for Research on Wild Plants Utsunomiya University

出版者

樹木医学会

雑誌

樹木医学研究 = Journal of tree health (ISSN:13440268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.65-74, 2004-09-30

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

4

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針葉樹の多くは傷害樹脂道を形成し,樹脂を分泌する.傷害樹脂道とは,傷などの刺激によって形成される樹脂道のことで,菌や昆虫の侵入を妨げるのに重要な役割を果たしていると考えられている.傷害樹脂道は木部あるいは師部の形成層付近に形成され,形成が完了するには1〜2カ月間を要する.傷害樹脂道はエチレンを人為的に処理することでも誘導され,処理により樹脂生産は促進される.このことから,樹木がストレスを受けたときに生成するストレスエチレンの関与が示唆されている・菌や昆虫の加害のような継続的刺激は,物理的傷害のような一時的な刺激よりもエチレン生成を促進し,傷害樹脂道の形成範囲や樹脂の分泌量を増加させると考えられる.また,エチレンは環境ストレスによっても生成され,病虫害と複合して作用することによって,著しいエチレン生成を誘導する可能性が推察される.

著者

諏訪 僚太 中村 崇 井口 亮 中村 雅子 守田 昌哉 加藤 亜記 藤田 和彦 井上 麻夕里 酒井 一彦 鈴木 淳 小池 勲夫 白山 義久 野尻 幸宏 Ryota Suwa Takashi Nakamura Akira Iguchi Masako Nakamura Masaya Morita Aki Kato Kazuhiko Fujita Mayuri Inoue Kazuhiko Sakai Atsushi Suzuki Isao Koike Yoshihisa Sirayama Yukihiro Nojiri 京都大学フィールド科学教育研究センター瀬戸臨海実験所 九州大学付属天草臨海実験所 琉球大学熱帯生物圏研究センター瀬底研究施設 琉球大学熱帯生物圏研究センター瀬底研究施設 琉球大学熱帯生物圏研究センター瀬底研究施設 琉球大学大学院理工学研究科 琉球大学大学院理工学研究科 東京大学海洋研究所 琉球大学熱帯生物圏研究センター瀬底研究施設 産業技術総合研究所 琉球大学 京都大学フィールド科学教育研究センター瀬戸臨海実験所 国立環境研究所地球環境研究センター Seto Marine Biological Laboratory Field Science Education and Research Center Kyoto University Amakusa Marine Laboratory Kyusyu University Sesoko Station Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Sesoko Station Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Sesoko Station Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Engineering and Science University of the Ryukyus Graduate School of Engineering and Science University of the Ryukyus Ocean Research Institute The University of Tokyo Sesoko Station Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Geological Survey of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST) University of the Ryukyus Seto Marine Biological Laboratory Field Science Education and Research Center Kyoto University Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies

出版者

日本海洋学会

雑誌

海の研究 (ISSN:09168362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.21-40, 2010-01-05

参考文献数

102

被引用文献数

3

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産業革命以降の二酸化炭素(CO_2)排出量の増加は,地球規模での様々な気候変動を引き起こし,夏季の異常高海水温は,サンゴ白化現象を引き起こすことでサンゴ礁生態系に悪影響を及ぼしたことが知られている。加えて,増加した大気中CO_2が海水に溶け込み,酸として働くことで生じる海洋酸性化もまた,サンゴ礁生態系にとって大きな脅威であることが認識されつつある。本総説では,海洋酸性化が起こる仕組みと共に,海洋酸性化がサンゴ礁域の石灰化生物に与える影響についてのこれまでの知見を概説する。特に,サンゴ礁の主要な石灰化生物である造礁サンゴや紅藻サンゴモ,有孔虫に関しては,その石灰化機構を解説すると共に,海洋酸性化が及ぼす影響について調べた様々な研究例を取り上げる。また,これまでの研究から見えてきた海洋酸性化の生物への影響評価実験を行う上で注意すべき事項,そして今後必要となる研究の方向性についても述べたい。The increase of the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO_2) concentration after the industrial revolution caused global climate change. During the last several decades, coral reef ecosystems have been devastated by the mass-scale coral bleaching events caused by abnormally high seawater temperature in summer. In addition, increased atmospheric CO_2dissolves in the ocean, acts as an acid and finally decreases the pH level of seawater. This phenomenon, known as ocean acidification, is now being considered as a future threat to the calcifying organisms in coral reef ecosystems. In this review, we summarize basic backgrounds of ocean acidification as well as its potential impacts on coral reef calcifiers. Together with the distinctive mechanisms of calcification among specific groups, we review the impacts of ocean acidification on major reef-builders such as scleractinian corals, calcareous red algae and reef-dwelling foraminifera. Finally, we point out some recently-recognized problems in acidified seawater experiments as well as the future direction of this research field.

著者

Yasutake Nobutoshi Hashimoto Masa-aki Eriguchi Yoshiharu Department of Physics Kyushu University Department of Physics Kyushu University Department of Earth Science and Astronomy Graduate School of Arts and Sciences University of Tokyo

出版者

Published for the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Physical Society of Japan

雑誌

Progress of theoretical physics (ISSN:0033068X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.5, pp.953-962, 2005-05-25

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

17

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We present a scenario for the formation of strange stars due to spin-down of rapidly rotating neutron stars left after supernova explosions. In this scenario the rapid rotation plays a crucial role. We assume that the total baryon mass is conserved but that both total energy and angular momentum are lost due to emission of gravitational waves and/or magnetic braking. Under this assumption, we calculate the transition from rapidly rotating neutron stars to slowly rotating strange stars. As a result, we find that a large amount of energy, ~10^<53>, ergs is released. The liberated energy might become a new energy source for the delayed explosion of a supernova. Furthermore, our scenario suggests that supernovas associated with gamma-ray bursts are feasible sources of observable gravitational waves.

著者

岩崎 英哉 Hideya Iwasaki 東京大学大学院工学系研究科情報工学 Department of Information Engineering Mathemaical Engineering University of Tokyo

雑誌

コンピュータソフトウェア = Computer software (ISSN:02896540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.6, pp.547-560, 1998-11-16

著者

苅谷 剛彦 Kariya Takehoko 東京大学大学院 Graduate School University of Tokyo

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.63-73, 1981-09-12

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The problems of "school as organization" have been studied mainly from the viewpoint of school administration and education administration, in the field of educational research in Japan. But such studies have taken interest in the organization of school staff to rationalize school administration. Therefore they have not treated the more elemental problem - How do schools organize the behaviour and learning activities of their pupils ? This article aims to explore its elemental mechanism of school organization, forcusing on Japanese high schools. In the social context which contain the school organization objectively, the school staff members organize the educational activities subjectively. How do they organize the school ? It is the problem for me to explore the mechanism. At the first, I review the study of Ronald Kings "School Organization and Pupil Involvement". Then I point out the important point of his study. It is that he treated organizing schools as teachers' subjective "action". And I point out the limit of his study. It is that his analysis was based on the static bureaucratic model. To get over the weakness, I look into the decision-making process about organizing educational activities. For this purpose, I review the study of March, J.G. &amp Simon, H.A.s' Organization". They pointed out that the decision-making is based on staffs "definition of situation". And based on the study of Becker, H.S. et al., I point out that "group perspective" orientate "definition of situation". So I can say that teachers' group perspectives control the decision-making process about organizing educational activities. After reviewing such studies, I propose the hypothetical model which can explain the mechanism of Japanese high school organization in the schools' hierarchical structure dynamically.

著者

堀 浩一 石崎 俊 Koichi Hori Shun Ishizaki 東京大学先端科学技術研究センター 電子技術総合研究所推諭システム研究室 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Machine Inference Section Electrotechnical Laboratory

雑誌

人工知能学会誌 = Journal of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:09128085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.3, pp.312-318, 1988-05-20