著者

玉井 颯一 五十嵐 祐

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.2, pp.187-193, 2019 (Released:2019-06-27)

参考文献数

31

---

Ostracism is a contradicted social action because it has been widely adopted as a legal sanction but is also considered to be excessive enforcement. In the present study, we conducted a scenario-based experiment to examine the psychological process underlying the endorsement of ostracism in school settings. We focused on three general rationales to justify the sanction: a general prevention to protect public welfare (utilitarianism); a counter to deviance from social norms (retributivism); and a type of education to rehabilitate a perpetrator (moral education). The results showed that utilitarianism was more effective in justifying ostracism than retributivism or moral education. Further, preferences towards ostracism based in utilitarianism were less susceptible to influence from others. These findings indicate people’s general preference for the protection of public welfare over the segregation of wrongdoers.

著者

溝川 藍 子安 増生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18055, (Released:2019-11-15)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2

---

We examined how foreign experiences and critical thinking disposition influence moral and legal consciousness. Participants (N = 725) answered a questionnaire that measured their moral and legal consciousness (to what extent they permit various immoral/illegal behaviors, whether they intervene for a person behaving immorally/illegally, and to what extent they think various immoral/illegal behaviors are permitted in the Japanese society), levels of critical thinking disposition, and their foreign experiences (living abroad, traveling abroad, having foreign friends, and using foreign languages daily). The results showed that weak critical thinking dispositions were positively related to tolerating various immoral/illegal behaviors, not intervening for persons behaving immorally/illegally, and tolerating illegal behaviors in the context of Japanese society. Although no effects were found for three dimensions of foreign experiences, daily use of foreign language was associated with tolerability of illegal behaviors, especially in the group that had weak critical thinking dispositions. The results suggest that having a strong critical thinking disposition leads to having a relatively rigid moral and legal consciousness, and that for people that have weak critical thinking dispositions, daily foreign experiences can strengthen permissive attitudes toward illegal behaviors.

著者

和田 裕一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18030, (Released:2019-09-20)

参考文献数

23

---

When reading narrative stories, readers monitor discontinuity of characters, space, time, goals, and causality of events and update their situation models. This study examined how illustrations of narratives influence readers’ ability to monitor story events using a verb-clustering task in which readers were asked to group verbs from a narrative into related pairings. Results showed that readers who read a text-only narrative paired verbs that were continuous in both the character and time dimensions. In contrast, readers who read a narrative with illustrations paired verbs that were continuous not only in the character and time dimensions but also in the causality dimension. These findings suggest that illustrations of narratives function to enrich the contents of situation models. Furthermore, an additional experiment showed that positioning of illustrations within the text impacted the situation model construction. Therefore, the utility of illustrations for promoting the construction of situation models and efficient comprehension of a narrative story are discussed.

著者

藤田 和生 樋口 義治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.48-51, 1985-04-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

12

---

Diffusion process of word-processing behavior of those staff members of an research institute during the period of four years after its introduction in 1979 was investigated. Data were collected in a personal interview with 88 staff members of the institute aged between 22 and 58 years old. Major findings were as follows: (1) the percentage of newly acquired users to non-users in each year increased as years, showing the acceleration in the speed of diffusion, (2) the percentages of users tended to be higher in younger persons than in older persons, and (3) the transmission of the behavior frequently occurred between persons of the similar age (2-7 years different), and between persons of the same group (same department or same profession). The latter two findings were analogous to those obtained in the previous study of diffusion processes of new behaviors of Japanese monkeys by the Japanese etholoists.

著者

喜入 暁 久保田 はる美 新岡 陽光 越智 啓太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15228, (Released:2017-01-14)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

---

It is reported that there are no victim-offender relationships in serial homicides, so offender profiling is useful for resolution of serial homicide cases. The present study aimed to describe characteristics of serial homicide offenders as a part of offender profiling and compare characteristics of serial homicide with those of single homicide offenders. We found that serial homicide characteristics were divided into 3 types (Destruction, Mission, and Antisocial). On the other hand, single homicide characteristics were divided into 4 types, which included Domestic in addition to the 3 types mentioned above. Overall, serial homicide offenders try to avoid detection of their murders compared to single homicide offenders. However, there was not much difference between the patterns of serial homicides and those of single homicides. Therefore, we conclude that there are few qualitative differences between serial and single homicide offenders.

著者

髙野 陽太郎 伊藤 言

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.14331, (Released:2015-11-10)

参考文献数

42

---

Volpi (2004) pointed out that Alessandro Valignano, a 16th century Christian missionary, had considered the Japanese extreme collectivists. According to Volpi, his remark was based on Valignano’s reports (1583, 1592) edited by Alvares-Taladriz (1954). However, it is highly questionable whether Volpi examined these texts directly because the information about them provided by Volpi involved many serious errors. A thorough inspection of Valignano’s translated reports found no mention of Japanese collectivism. On the contrary, he had actually reported exceedingly individualistic behaviors of Japanese warriors. Such behaviors are consistent with what is widely known about the 16th century Civil Wars in Japan. It has thus turned out that no reliable evidence is present for the alleged observation by Valignano.

著者

田戸岡 好香 樋口 収 唐沢 かおり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.16039, (Released:2018-03-10)

参考文献数

26

---

This study investigated the consequences of suppressing negative thoughts about the food products. Consumers are still concerned about food safety after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Given that attempting to suppress stereotypical thoughts ironically leads to increased stereotype accessibility and use (rebound effect), this may be one of the reasons for continued concern. Participants were asked to describe their impressions about food coming from the disaster area. Half were instructed to suppress any negative impressions in their descriptions, whereas the other half did not receive this instruction. Participants then rated another food product from the same area. The results indicated that among participants with a low perceived vulnerability to disease, the group that was asked to suppress any negative thoughts rated the food more negatively than participants in the control group. However, among participants with a high perceived vulnerability to disease, there was no difference between the two groups because their negative impressions were likely readily accessible. We discuss the necessity of investigating a resolution for reputational damage in terms of suppression.

著者

笹川 果央理 中山 真孝 内田 由紀子 竹村 幸祐

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.15066, (Released:2017-11-10)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

2

---

This study investigated the personality of employees on medical leave due to mental health disorders. Focusing on Contingencies of self-worth (CSW) as a metric of personality, we examined whether the CSW of employees on medical leave due to mental health disorders matched the perceived values of their workplace, in comparison with that of employees at work. We also examined the change of CSW before and after medical leave. Thirty-six employees on medical leave and 133 employees at work participated in this survey study. The results showed that three types of CSW (CSW for being superior, for having positive evaluation from others, for having autonomy) were higher in employees on medical leave than in employees at work. We also showed that there was a large difference between each type of CSW of employees on medical leave and the perceived values of their workplace and that all three types of CSW decreased after medical leave.

著者

吉野 優香 相川 充

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16044, (Released:2017-11-10)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

6

---

When receiving help, the beneficiary feels both emotional gratitude and emotional indebtedness towards the benefactor, highlighting the close relationship between the two feelings. In this study, we tried to create a single integrated model of emotional gratitude and emotional indebtedness. Additionally, based on our model, we tested the effects of emotional gratitude and emotional indebtedness on the intention of reciprocal behavior towards the benefactor. All participants (N = 330) were asked to answer questions after reading vignettes describing a situation in which they received help. As a result of the analysis, we were able to propose a new model in which benefit appraisal mediates the relationship between trait gratitude and emotional gratitude, as well as the relationship between trait indebtedness and emotional indebtedness. We also demonstrated that emotional gratitude and emotional indebtedness affected the intention of reciprocal behavior towards the benefactor; however, their interaction effect was not significant.

著者

曹 蓮 杉森 伸吉 高 史明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.15032, (Released:2017-01-14)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

---

In this study, we investigated cultural differences in multisensory perception of emotion between Chinese and Japanese participants, focusing on mutual interference of visual and auditory emotional information. In this experiment, the face-voice pairs were consisted of congruent or incongruent emotions (e.g., a happy (an angry) face with a happy (an angry) voice in congruent pairs, and a happy (an angry) face with an angry (a happy) voice in incongruent pairs). Participants were asked to judge the emotion of targets focusing on either face or voice while ignoring the other modality’s information. In the voice-focus condition, the effect of to-be-ignored facial information was smaller in Japanese than Chinese participants, only when the participant and the target belonged to the same cultures (in-group). This indicated that Japanese people were more likely to be based on the voice information in multisensory perception of emotion of in-group. Our study illuminated that although both Japanese and Chinese people belonged to the Eastern culture, there were cultural differences in perceiving emotion from visual and auditory cues.

著者

斎藤 聖子 緑川 晶

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15227, (Released:2016-09-10)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4

---

Previous research has explored whether the Japanese concept of Indecisiveness is different from western cultures. The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire scale to measure the concept of Japanese Indecisiveness (Yujufudan). In the first study, a factor analysis was carried out using data from 255 college students. Four different factors, “reflection” “procrastination” “referring to others” and “anxiety” were obtained. In the second study, a decision-making task was administered to 55 college students. The scores obtained from the factor analysis in the first study predicted performance on the decision-making task. These results demonstrated the validity and reliability for the Japanese Indecisiveness Scale to measure Japanese Indecisiveness (Yujufudan).

著者

鈴川 由美 豊田 秀樹

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.51-63, 2012

被引用文献数

1 3

---

This study analyzed the statistical power of research studies published in the "Japanese Journal of Psychology" in 2008 and 2009. Sample effect sizes and sample statistical powers were calculated for each statistical test and analyzed with respect to the analytical methods and the fields of the studies. The results show that in the fields like perception, cognition or learning, the effect sizes were relatively large, although the sample sizes were small. At the same time, because of the small sample sizes, some meaningful effects could not be detected. In the other fields, because of the large sample sizes, meaningless effects could be detected. This implies that researchers who could not get large enough effect sizes would use larger samples to obtain significant results.

著者

佐藤 德

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.4, pp.345-353, 2014

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Previous studies demonstrated that participants in left-to-right writing cultures showed a strong preference to associate the past with left space and the future with right space. The present studies investigated whether these spatial associations involved body-part-centered or extracorporal space. In Experiment 1, participants categorized words as referring to the past or the future by pressing button on the left with the left hand or a button on the right with the right hand. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants crossed their hands and were instructed to categorize words by pressing the left or right buttons (Experiment 2) or by moving their left or right hand (Experiment 3). Irrespective of the relative spatial positions of the response buttons, past words were more quickly categorized with the left hand and future words with the right hand. In addition, reaction times were slower in Experiment 2 than in Experiment 1, whereas there was no significant difference between Experiments 1 and 3. These results suggest that temporal concepts such as past and future are more strongly associated with embodied space than visual space.

著者

石川 健太 岡村 陽子 大久保 街亜

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.225-231, 2012 (Released:2012-11-23)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 2

---

The present study investigated the effects of social anxiety on judgments about gaze direction. The participants (N = 123) were divided into two groups on the basis of social anxiety scores (social anxiety and control group). Participants who scored high on a social anxiety scale judged the direction of slightly averted gaze to be straight more often for angry faces than for neutral faces. This pattern was reversed for participants in control group. An angry face looking straight at a person may be seen as an overt threat. People suffering from social anxiety tend to interpret ambiguous situations as negative or threatening. This negativity bias may contribute to the increased judgments of straight-gaze responses for angry faces with slightly averted gazes.

著者

塚脇 涼太 樋口 匡貴 深田 博己

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.339-344, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

5 10

---

The structure of humor expression was clarified and its relationships with aggression, altruism, and self-acceptance were examined. In study 1, college students (n=216) responded to a scale with items about humor expression. An exploratory factor analysis indicated three types of humor expression: aggressive, self-disparaging, and playful humor expression. In study 2, 119 college students responded to items about (a) humor expression, (b) aggression, (c) altruism, and (d) self-acceptance. The results showed positive relationships between aggressive humor expression and aggression, self-disparaging humor expression and self-acceptance, and playful humor expression and altruism.

著者

桜井 茂男 大谷 佳子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.179-186, 1997-08-28 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

14 21

---

The purpose of this study was to construct a new multidimensional self oriented perfectionism scale (MSPS) and to examine the relationship of self-oriented perfectionism to depression and hopelessness in college students. In Study 1, 26 original items of a new MSPS were administered to 132 students and factor analysis revealed 4 solutions: desire for perfectionism (DP), personal standard (PS), concern over mistakes (CM), and doubting of actions (D). Twenty items of the final MSPS had high reliability and validity as an instrument of measuring self-oriented perfectionism (Hewitt & Flett, 1991). In Study 2, 178 students completed a questionnare consisting of MSPS, stressor scale, depression scale, and hopelessness scale. PS was negatively related to hopelessness, and CM and D were positively related to both depression and hopelessness. Students with high CM scores had higher depression than those with low CM scores, unrelated to the degree of stress.

著者

廣瀬 愛希子 濱口 佳和

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.2, pp.129-139, 2021 (Released:2021-06-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

3 4

---

The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the reliability and validity of a Japanese version of the Security in the Interparental Subsystem Scale (SIS), which measures children’s emotional security in the interparental relationship through self-assessment of their reactions to interparental conflict. We then examined the mediation model of emotional security between interparental conflict and children’s adjustment, as proposed in Emotional Security Theory (EST). A questionnaire study was conducted with 682 middle and high school students between 12 and 18 years of age (mean age = 14.80 years, SD = 1.50 years). The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical model of EST, and the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the SIS were demonstrated. Mediation analysis revealed mediated effects of emotional insecurity in the relationship between interparental conflict and children’s anxiety/depression and aggression. These results suggest that the theoretical model of EST can be effectively applied in Japan.

著者

平見 真希人 藤木 大介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.22318, (Released:2023-10-31)

参考文献数

13

---

The interest in critical reading has been increasing in recent years as a high-level literacy. Previous studies have shown that discussion promotes critical reading. However, the influence of the content spoken during the interaction on critical reading of academic article has not been studied. This study reexamined whether discussion in pairs is effective for critical reading. The results showed that its effectiveness is limited, and is only important for sharing of perspectives. Additionally, this study examined what kind of speech content affects critical reading in collaborative situations. The results showed that self-references to differences in thinking decreased reading perspectives; however, self-references to commonalities in thinking promoted criticisms. Further, partner’s negative speech limited criticisms.

著者

遠藤 寛子 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.1-9, 2013 (Released:2013-07-01)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

6

---

The relationship between a recipient's response to a disclosure of negative emotional experiences, and the resulting negative emotions, hesitation in self-disclosure (interpersonal and intra-personal hesitation), and negatively-confused thoughts of the person making the disclosure were investigated. Female undergraduates (N=271) were asked to write about angry or sad events in their interpersonal relationships that they had disclosed to someone. Then they completed a questionnaire assessing the recipient's responses, negative emotions such as anger and depression caused by the recipient's responses, hesitation in self-disclosure about the events, and negatively-confused thoughts about the events. The results of covariance structure analysis indicated that a recipient's rejection in response to the disclosure of negative emotional experiences resulted in negative thoughts caused by an increase of negative emotions and hesitation in self-disclosure. The results also showed that a recipient's acceptance also increased depression in the person making the self-disclosure, which intensified the intra-personal hesitation, and increased negatively-confused thoughts.

著者

児玉 真樹子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.2, pp.150-159, 2015 (Released:2015-06-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

10 7

---

The constructs of career resilience were clarified and a scale was developed to assess them. Company employees (N = 241) participated in an online survey. The results of an exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure of career resilience with a high Cronbach’s alpha: (a) ability to cope with challenges, problem-solving, and adaptation; (b) social skills; (c) novelty and diversity of interests; (d) future orientation; and (e) helping. The results of a correlation analysis showed that all five factors of career resilience directly promoted career development. The results of a two-way analysis of variance and t-tests revealed that all factors except for novelty and diversity of interests reduced the negative effects of risk on career development. The results confirmed that career resilience consisted of four factors: (a) ability to cope with challenges, problem-solving, and adaptation; (b) socialskills; (d) futureorientation; and (e) helping.