著者

宇野 究人 浅野 倫子 横澤 一彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.6, pp.571-579, 2019 (Released:2019-02-25)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

---

Grapheme-color synesthesia is a condition in which visual letters or characters induce a specific color sensation. It has been suggested that a range of linguistic properties influence synesthetic grapheme-color correspondence, but the influence of graphemic (orthographic) information is not well understood. In this experiment, synesthetes chose up to two synesthetic colors for each Japanese Kanji character. The results showed that characters that could be divided into right and left subcomponents (radicals) were associated with a higher number of synesthetic colors than characters that could not be divided. This tendency was stronger for projectors, who perceive colors visually in external space, than for associators, who perceive colors in their ‘minds eye’. The results of this study suggest that the graphemic information of Kanji characters affects the number of synesthetic colors, especially for projectors.

著者

横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 倉石 宏樹 藤田 悟郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.13086, (Released:2015-05-28)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

9 3

---

The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to create an index for a behavioral linkage analysis of serial sex crimes, and second, to construct a predictive model for the analysis. Data on 720 sex crimes (rape, indecent assault) committed by 360 offenders arrested between 1993 and 2005 throughout Japan were collected. The following seven behaviors were examined during a series of analyses aimed at illustrating the effectiveness of crime linkage in serial sex crimes: victim age group, area type, publicness of offense site, weapon, time, contact method, and day of the week. The results indicated that six of the seven behaviors (excluding “day of the week”) significantly distinguished between linked and unlinked crime pairs. Under a logistic regression of these six variables, which were dichotomously coded in terms of the concordance or discordance between each pair of incidents, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.82–0.87), indicating a high level of discriminative accuracy in identifying disparate sex crimes committed by the same person.

著者

蒔苗 詩歌 河西 哲子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.452-459, 2017 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

---

Body analogy is an operation that links spatial cognition with the sensorimotor systems. Previous studies on mental rotation have shown that adding a head at the top of stimulus cubes or imitating human posture improves mental rotation performance results. On the other hand, mental rotation performance tends to be better in males than females. In this study, we tested sex differences in the effects of body analogy on a mental rotation task. The task was to judge whether the stimulus from a pair of cubes was the same or not; we added faces to the cubes or imitated human posture with cubes. The results revealed that body analogy was useful for both males and females but the effect was greater for females. However, additional correlation analyses indicated that this effect was at least partly due to the differences in abilities required for mental rotation, rather than sex differences. These results suggest that body analogy can compensate for weaknesses in spatial cognition.

著者

鎌谷 美希 伊藤 資浩 宮崎 由樹 河原 純一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20046, (Released:2021-07-31)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

4

---

Pre-COVID-19 epidemic studies found that wearing a sanitary mask negatively impacted perceived facial attractiveness. In particular, people demonstrated more negative explicit or implicit attitudes toward wearers of sanitary masks when the masks were black rather than white. The present study examined whether changes in social behavior in response to the COVID-19 epidemic, including the prevalent use of sanitary masks, might alter explicit and/or implicit attitudes toward wearers of black sanitary masks. We measured explicit (Study 1) and implicit attitudes (Study 3) and facial attractiveness (Study 2) of males wearing black or white sanitary masks. The results revealed that attitudes toward wearers of black sanitary masks were more positive than those measured pre-epidemic. Regardless of mask color, explicit attractiveness rating scores for low-attractiveness faces tended to increase after the epidemic. However, no such improvement was observed for high- and middle-attractiveness faces. There was also no change in implicit attitudes measured by the implicit association test. These results suggest that the COVID-19 epidemic has reduced explicit negative attitudes toward wearers of black sanitary masks.

著者

平井 啓 谷向 仁 中村 菜々子 山村 麻予 佐々木 淳 足立 浩祥

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.17239, (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

---

It is necessary to develop the effective psycho-educational concepts and materials to enhance the uptake behavior of appropriate specialized institutions of mental health care, such as psychiatric clinics or centers providing psychotherapy. In this research, we developed the core concepts and materials, which can be used for the Web sites, or pamphlets intended to enhance appropriate uptake behavior, by conducting internet-based research and a formative interview based on a social marketing approach. As a result of an analysis of 819 first-time users of mental health care services that met eligibility criteria, descriptive characteristics of the uptake behavior for mental health care were revealed and the differences in mental health care literacy between people with a shorter distribution of the untreated period (DUI) and a longer DUI were clarified. By formative research based on the social marketing frame-work, we developed core concepts and materials consisting of the characteristics of the people with a shorter DUI (WHO), the messages about preventing a longer DUI (WHAT), and effective methods for presentation and communication (HOW).

著者

堀田 亮 杉江 征

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.4, pp.408-418, 2013-10-25 (Released:2013-12-25)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

3

---

As interest in meaning making following stressful life experiences continues to grow, it is important to clarify the features and functions of the meaning- making process. We examined the influence of meaning making following stressful life experiences on change of self-concept. In two studies, university students selected their most stressful life experience and completed the Assimilation and Accommodation of Meaning Making Scale. In Study 1, 235 university students also completed questionnaires regarding post-traumatic growth and positive change of the sense of identity following their stressful life experience. The results of covariance structure analysis indicated that accommodation promoted a positive change of self-concept. In Study 2, 199 university students completed questionnaires regarding change of self-concept and emotion as a positive or negative change following stressful life experiences. The results of covariance structure analysis indicated that accommodation promoted a positive change, similar to the results of Study 1. In addition, accommodation also promoted negative change. However, assimilation did not promote positive change but did restrain negative change.

著者

後藤 崇志 石橋 優也 梶村 昇吾 岡 隆之介 楠見 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.1, pp.32-41, 2015 (Released:2015-04-25)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1 7

---

We developed a free will and determinism scale in Japanese (FAD-J) to assess lay beliefs in free will, scientific determinism, fatalistic determinism, and unpredictability. In Study 1, we translated a free will and determinism scale (FAD-Plus) into Japanese and verified its reliability and validity. In Study 2, we examined the relationship between the FAD-J and eight other scales. Results suggested that lay beliefs in free will and determinism were related to self-regulation, critical thinking, other-oriented empathy, self-esteem, and regret and maximization in decision makings. We discuss the usefulness of the FAD-J for studying the psychological functions of lay beliefs in free will and determinism.

著者

讃井 知 島田 貴仁 雨宮 護

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20024, (Released:2021-05-31)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

3

---

Consultative behavior with spouses has been found to be effective in deterring telephone call–based fraud. This study aimed to identify the factors that enhance spousal counseling behavior during fraudulent phone call encounters. In December 2019, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 874 households each exclusively composed of an elderly marital couple (n = 1,748). The influence of the day-to-day marital relationship and trust in the spouse as a counselor on the intention to consult was examined using Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analysis. The results showed that marital satisfaction had an indirect effect on intentions for consultative behavior, mediated by trust in both wives and husbands, and that marital satisfaction was defined by daily communication and positive problem-solving strategies. The results imply that efforts to communicate with spouses and to proactively solve problems increase marriage satisfaction and are also effective in promoting spousal counseling behavior.

著者

内田 照久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.131-139, 2002-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

17 14

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This study found non-linear functional relations between speech-rate and impressions of speakers' personality-traits. University students (N=376) evaluated speakers' personality impressions for speech sounds that were converted at different speech-rates from the original utterance spoken by four Japanese and four native English speakers. A short version of the Big Five Scale based on the five-factor model of personality was used. Factor analysis showed that listeners recognized each personality-trait independently through speech sounds, and that speech-rate affected personality impressions of speakers differently depending on the traits. Multiple regression analysis revealed that quadratic regression equations could provide good approximations of personality-trait values, and all the non-linear relationships were described fairly well. The locations of the peaks and the spread of the quadratic functions vary from trait to trait. The complex metamorphosis of personality impressions via speech-rate converted sounds can be inferred by combining those five curves. Finally, participants showed more sensitive responses to Japanese speakers than to English speakers.

著者

新井 幸子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.315-321, 2001-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

3 2

---

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of positive ideal-real self discrepancy, negative ideal-real self discrepancy, and irrational belief on self acceptance. A total of 464 university and vocational school students, an average of 21.1 years old, participated. Results confirmed the prediction that the smaller the positive ideal-real discrepancy, and the larger negative ideal-real discrepancy, the higher is the self acceptance score. It was also found that the effects of the positive ideal-real self discrepancy depended on the intensity of irrational belief, and the belief was thus a moderator of the effect. On the other hand, the intensity of irrational belief did not moderate the effect of negative ideal-real self discrepancy. Finally, the findings were discussed in relation to the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic and counseling efforts to enhance self acceptance.

著者

伊藤 美奈子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.115-122, 1993-08-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

13 7

---

The processes of socialization and personalization were reexamined from the viewpoint of adjustment, and two concepts: social orientedness and individual orientedness, were proposed to capture the two processes. The main purpose of the current study was to construct a scale to measure social and individual orientedness, and examine its reliability and validity. Firstly, seventeen items were selected for the scale through item analysis, then its reliability was estimated with 310 male and 402 female students, using the split-half and test-retest methods. Factor analysis of the items yielded two factors. Secondly, validity of the scale was examined; those same subjects filled Self-consciousness scale and egogram test (TEG), Sociometrix-test, data on personal troubles, and teacher's judgement score on personal troubles were obtained. The results showed that the concepts were effective in measuring both personal trait and developmental level, and that social orientedness concerned the orientation to others and the external (interpersonal) adjustment, while individual orientedness was for the self and the internal.

著者

竹橋 洋毅 高 史明 尾崎 由佳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.6, pp.388-397, 2021-02-25 (Released:2021-02-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

3

---

This study examined the effects of the implicit theory of intelligence and parenting ability on mental health. We conducted an internet survey of 824 parents who lived with their school-age children in elementary or junior high school, in which they rated the severity of parenting stressors they experienced, their mental distress from parenting, their subjective health, and their implicit theories about the plasticity of intelligence and parenting ability. Results indicated that a stronger fixed theory of parenting (i.e., belief that parenting ability is unchangeable) was related to less subjective health as well as a stronger relationship between the severity of a parenting stressor and the mental distress they experienced from parenting. Moreover, more fixed views of intelligence corresponded with greater mental distress from parenting and poorer health. These results suggest that incremental theories about parenting and intelligence might mitigate the negative effects of parenting stressors and reduce the risk of deteriorating mental health.

著者

子安 増生 木下 孝司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.51-67, 1997-04-28 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

77

被引用文献数

8 2

---

The concept “theory of mind”, first proposed by Premack and Woodruff (1978), has drastically changed our view of the mind. In the first half of this paper, the concept's history and recent developments were reviewed. Included were studies of non-human primates, normal children, and autistic children, in addition to some philosophical discussions. The “false belief” paradigm has been successful in understanding children older than 4 years and in characterizing children with high-functioning autism. But with the paradigm alone, it is difficult to explain the “mind” of most non-human primates, younger children, and a large part of autistic children. In the second half, a theoretical discussion was made to understand early developments of mind. The theory theory and competing theories of modularity, simulation, and intersubjectivity were compared concerning the observability of mind (of self and others), the basic mechanism for understanding the mind, the indispensability of theorizing the mind, and the need for metarepresentation in pretend plays.

著者

森田 晴香 菅村 玄二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.5, pp.437-444, 2014 (Released:2014-12-25)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Bibliotherapy has occasionally been used as a counseling technique. However, most reports are basically single-case studies and the psychological effect of this approach remains unclear. Two experiments using 96 healthy college volunteers were conducted to determine how the reading of emotionally positive, negative, or neutral passages affect one’s mood and level of distraction. Study 1 revealed that participants felt more relaxed after reading positive poems with either personal or social content than after reading negative ones, and they felt least refreshed and calm after reading negative poems with personal content. Study 2 showed that participants reported less depressed feelings both after reading an excerpt from an explanatory leaflet and after a controlled rest period. These results were discussed in terms of the mood congruence effect. Future research may evaluate the effects of reading novels, manga, and life teachings on self-narratives and views of life in normal and clinical populations.

著者

勝谷 紀子 岡 隆 坂本 真士

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.3, pp.316-322, 2018 (Released:2018-08-28)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This study examined the lay theory characteristics of “modern-type” depression using a text mining method. A total of 225 undergraduate students filled in a questionnaire. They answered questions about the characteristics and causes of as well as reasons for “modern-type” depression using free-form text entry. Then, they answered questions about their sources of information on “modern-type” depression. The results showed that participants mainly described that “modern-type” depression is common among young people and that people with “moderntype” depression lack awareness of the illness. Also, participants indicated that they obtained knowledge about “modern-type” depression from different information sources such as television and the internet.

著者

黒沢 香

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.6, pp.379-387, 1993-03-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

5 6

---

Ninety-five Japanese students made judgments of line lengths under different levels of conformity pressure in the Asch/Crutchfield paradigm. Comformity pressure level (whether the preceding four or two ‘others’ unanimously picked a wrong choice) and public self-consciousness interacted; under high pressure, the higher the public self-consciousness, the more conforming responses. Independently, under high pressure, higher self-esteem led to fewer conforming responses. Under low pressure, neither public self-consciousness nor self-esteem had a significant effect. None of the following affected conformity: gender, private self-consciousness, or social self-esteem. In addition, anti-conformity (picking a wrong choice in the control trials where the ‘others’ chose the correct one) was observed, replicating the findings first reported by Frager (1970). A gender by social self-esteem by block (first vs. second half of experimental task) interaction, a gender by self-esteem by block interaction, and a gender by public self-consciousness interaction separately affected the number of anti-conformity responses. Implications for self-consciousness theories are discussed.

著者

北村 英哉 下田 麻衣

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19204, (Released:2020-01-20)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

---

We propose that avoiding the resentment of others plays an important role in the maintenance of cooperation and harmony for Japanese people. In the present research, we developed a scale to measure the tendency of individuals to avoid the resentment of others (the Avoidance of Resentment Scale: ARS) and investigated the reliability and validity of the scale through two studies. In study 1, we constructed the scale and looked into the correlations between the ARS and a scale to measure rejection anxiety. The factor analysis revealed three factors. In addition, the scores from the ARS were moderately correlated with the scores from the rejection anxiety scale, which implied that the ARS was validated. In study 2, the ARS was compared to two scales measuring harmony and trust: the Multifaceted Cooperativeness Scale and the Trust Scale. The responses for the ARS and these two scales showed significant correlations, supporting the validity of the ARS.

著者

山本 雄大 佐藤 潤美 大渕 憲一

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.121-129, 2014

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The present study examined the negative evaluations and discrimination against smokers among the Japanese. In Study 1, 52 students rated one of four target-persons differentially depicted in terms of gender and smoking habit using scales to measure coolness, sociability, intellectuality, and earnestness. The results showed that participants rated smokers more negatively than nonsmokers except for sociability. Those who perceived smoking as controllable rated smokers' earnestness even more negatively, suggesting that the negative evaluations are partially moderated by the perceived controllability of smoking. To examine a hypothesis that negative evaluations of smokers would mediate discrimination, in Study 2 we measured how participants (96 students) responded to target persons asking for a loan or a job, as well as their ratings of the targets on the Big Five personality dimensions. The results support the hypothesis of mediation.

著者

井上 裕珠 村田 光二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.1-8, 2014-04-25 (Released:2014-04-15)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Envy is an unpleasant emotion caused by comparison with a person who possesses something we desire. We conducted two studies to test our prediction that less envy would be felt when the person could attain what others had. In Study 1, participants read scenarios in which their friend could achieve a goal which they could not, and rated their emotions toward the friend. We manipulated the attainability according to whether the goal could be achieved by effort. In Study 2, participants competed with a confederate, and were informed that their performance was worse than that of the confederate. Afterwards the attainability was manipulated by either informing the participants that the possibility of improving their ability was very low or high. Then participants rated their emotions toward the confederate, and we also checked whether the participants had helped the confederate. As predicted, our findings demonstrated that those in the high attainability condition felt envy less than those in the low attainability condition, but showed no significant differences in helping behavior.

著者

渡辺 綾子 眞鍋 えみ子 和泉 美枝 植松 紗代 田中 秀樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.16065, (Released:2018-05-25)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

3 5

---

This study investigated sleep quality, anxiety and depression variations during pregnancy (second and third trimester) to one month postpartum, as well as their relationships with each time period. A survey targeted 402 women who were pregnant or one-month postpartum using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The total score of PSQI, sleep duration, and habitual sleep efficiency at one month postpartum were worse than during the second and third trimesters; however, sleep disturbance scores were better at one month postpartum. There were no significant differences in anxiety and depression. The second trimester of pregnancy was related to anxiety, The total score of PSQI, and sleep quality. Anxiety was related to the presence of complications. At one month postpartum, sleep quality was related to anxiety and disturbed sleep, whereas sleep quality and difficulty staying awake during the day were related to depression. These results suggest that understanding the characteristics of women's sleep during pregnancy and postpartum period will be helpful in predicting women's anxiety and depression.