著者

櫻井 成美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.203-210, 1999-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

24 13

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This study focused on the moderating effects of positive appraisal of family caregivers of older people on caregiving burden. In Study 1, 16 original items of the Caregiving Burden Scale and 14 original items of the Positive Appraisal Scale were administered 140 caregivers. By factor analysis, the Caregiving Burden Scale was divided into four subscales named: “Restriction of freedom (Kosoku-kan)”; “Wish to give up caregiving (Genkai-kan)”; “Family trouble (Taijin-katto)”; and “Economic restraint (Keizaiteki-futan)”. The positive appraisal scale was also divided into three subscales named “Caregiving satisfaction (Manzoku-kan)”, “Caregiver's self-growth (Jiko-seicho-kan)”, and “Will to continue-care-giving (Kaigo-keizoku-ishi)”. In Study 2, 306 caregivers completed the Caregiving Burden Scale and Positive Appraisal Scale. The results indicated that; (a) positive appraisal moderated caregiver's wish to give up caregiving (“Genkai-kan”); (b) Caregiving satisfaction (“Manzoku-kan”) was more effective than caregiver's self-growth (“Jiko-seicho-kan”); (c) moderating patterns varied by the combination of stressor, burden and positive appraisal.

著者

木野 和代

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.6, pp.494-502, 2000-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

8 13

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate Japanese anger expression styles and their influence on interpersonal relationships. In the initial study, 239 undergraduates were asked to complete a questionnaire which assessed seven distinct anger expression styles. The results indicated that the participants most often employed three anger expression styles including hyojo-kucho (nonverbal), tohmawashi (implicit), and itsumodori (none). In the second study, 162 undergraduates were asked to watch these three anger expression styles portrayed on videotape. Participants rated the degree to which the actor in the videotape felt angry and their impressions toward male or female actors in either higher, lower, or equal status, same-sex situations. The findings indicated that the effect on interpersonal relationships varied across the three different expression styles. This study has important implications for understanding Japanese anger expression in interpersonal, and perhaps cross-cultural, relationships.

著者

岡部 彌太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.5, pp.639-679, 1926 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

25

著者

豊田 雪乃 小林 正法 大竹 恵子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20002, (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1

---

This study compared the intent to help in response to nonverbal and verbal stimuli that described people in need of help to clarify the conditions and generality of effects that promote the intent to help. Participants were randomly assigned to a help-imagining group, a no-help imagining group, or a control group. In Study 1, the participants evaluated verbal stimuli. In Study 2, they evaluated visual stimuli as illustrations developed for this study. The results of both studies indicated that the group imagining they were helping scored significantly higher for the intent to help than the other two groups, suggesting that improving imagination about helping increased helpful intentions, regardless of the stimuli type. Also, we found that different aspects of different stimuli affected the intent to help: the effect of evaluating the recipient’s emotional state on the intent to help was only observed for visual stimuli, and visual stimuli compared to verbal stimuli, were less likely to influence an individual’s imagination and past experience on the intent to help.

著者

竹橋 洋毅 樋口 収 尾崎 由佳 渡辺 匠 豊沢 純子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17220, (Released:2018-11-15)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

11

---

Grit refers to a non-cognitive trait that is characterized by perseverance and passion for long-term goals. In this study, we developed a Japanese version of the Grit Scale and examined its reliability and validity. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the Japanese version of the Grit Scale had two factors corresponding to the original version (study 1, 2, and 3). The results indicated that the scale has high reliability (study 1 and 3). Grit was positively correlated with conscientiousness (study 2 and 3) and self-control (study 3). Nonetheless, grit demonstrated predictive validity of longitudinal persistence and success measures over conscientiousness, self-control, and intellectual ability (study 3). These results are consistent with previous studies and support the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Grit Scale.

著者

長峯 聖人 外山 美樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18206, (Released:2019-09-20)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

4

---

Nostalgia is a sentimental longing for a one’s past. It is an emotion that is known to contribute to multiple adaptabilities. We conducted three studies to develop the Japanese version of the Southampton Nostalgia Scale (SNS), which assesses how often people experience nostalgia on a daily basis. Study 1 indicated that the factor structure of the Japanese version and the original version of the SNS are similar and that the Japanese version of the SNS has acceptable test-retest reliability. Study 2 revealed that the factor structure of the Japanese version of the SNS is stable regardless of age. Finally, Study 3 showed that the pattern of correlational relationships of the Japanese version with explicit variables is similar to the original version of the SNS. These results indicate that the Japanese version of the SNS has acceptable validity and reliability.

著者

中俣 友子 阿部 恒之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.3, pp.219-228, 2016 (Released:2016-08-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

3 2

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Two experiments were conducted to assess litter control at a riverside location. Experiment 1 examined the effects of a security camera (presence/absence), past littering (presence/absence), and environmental features (tussock/plain ground/flowerbed). Two scenes containing combinations of these factors were presented. Participants chose the scene in which they felt it was to easier to litter. Participants also reported their emotional response to the presence/absence of a security camera and environmental features in scenes with litter. The results revealed that the presence of a security camera, no past littering, flowerbeds, and plain ground inhibited littering. Littering in the presence of a security camera facilitated discomfort, anger, and shame, and littering in flowerbeds caused discomfort, anger, shame, and sadness. Using a similar method, Experiment 2 addressed the particular effects of a security camera combined with other factors: past littering, environmental features, and signboards (no sign/sign with eyes/security camera images). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of a security camera, no past littering, flowerbeds, plain ground, signboards presenting eyes, and images from a security camera in preventing littering.

著者

小川 時洋 松田 いづみ 常岡 充子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.4, pp.426-432, 2019 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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Few studies have examined serial physiological variations during the concealed information test (CIT). This study analyzed both pre- and post-stimulus physiological measures from a CIT experiment under knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions. The physiological measures assessed in both the pre- and post- stimulus phases included skin conductance level (SCL), normalized pulse volume (NPV), and heart rate (HR). Moreover, skin conductance response (SCR) was assessed in the post-stimulus phase. The results showed that the post-stimulus SCL and SCR and post-stimulus NPV in the knowledgeable condition differed not only between the relevant and irrelevant CIT items but also between the irrelevant items that were presented before and after the relevant items. In both knowledgeable and unknowledgeable conditions, physiological activities and reactivity were higher at early positions than at late ones. However, in the knowledgeable conditions, serial positions of the relevant items modulated this tendency, such that physiological activities were maintained until the relevant item was presented and then declined afterwards. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

著者

山本 晃輔 杉山 東子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16229, (Released:2017-11-10)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4

---

Odor-evoked autobiographical memory and related psychological changes have been evaluated based on several factors such as emotionality, clarity, and re-experience, but these assessments remain incomplete. We developed the Odor-Evoked Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (OEAMQ) as a new method for comprehensively evaluating the characteristics and function of olfactory autobiographical memory. Odor-evoked memories were initially evaluated using multiple items from questionnaires on general memory characteristics, as well as the results of previous studies of odor-evoked memories. We obtained seven factors of which four (retrospective interpretation, clarity, time information, and sensory experience) were consistent with the general questionnaires, and three were new factors specific for olfactory memory (future action, emotional experience, and nostalgia). To investigate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, we evaluated odor-evoked autobiographical memories using 21 items (three for each factor). Factor analysis verified the seven-factor structure and demonstrated it to be sufficiently reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = .91). The validity of the questionnaire was also confirmed by high correlations between odor pleasantness and memory scores.

著者

鈴木 公啓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.5, pp.389-397, 2012 (Released:2013-03-01)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

3 1

---

Thinness is considered as one type of adornment; as such, it has a psychological function for others. Thus the drive for thinness and dieting were investigated from the viewpoint of impression management. Study 1 investigated a model that the need for approval affects dieting through the outcome expectancies of others' evaluations and the drive for thinness. The results of structural equation modeling indicated high validity for this model. Study 2 investigated the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationship between positive/negative outcome expectancies of others' evaluations and the drive for thinness. The results showed that self-esteem did not act as a moderator between the two components and the drive for thinness.

著者

望月 衛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.5-6, pp.471-484, 1943 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

8

著者

中西 大輔 亀田 達也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.6, pp.469-476, 2001-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

37

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Effects of stereotypic beliefs were examined in a group problem solving context, featuring full-fledged, face-to-face interaction. Based on formal analysis of group aggregation processes, it was hypothesized that positive and negative impacts of stereotypic beliefs on task performance in problem solving were larger on the group level than on the individual level. In the present study, data from five-person groups working on a series of problem-solving tasks were used to test the hypothesis. Results indicated that stereotypic beliefs indeed exerted “emergent influence” as hypothesized on task performance in the group problem solving. The finding illustrates the importance of socially-shared aspects of stereotypic beliefs, providing a case for the need for “truly social” social-cognition research.

著者

仲嶺 真

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13331, (Released:2014-11-11)

参考文献数

24

---

The purpose of this study was to examine how women reacted to the approach of an unknown man in town. 105 female Japanese undergraduates participated in the pilot survey. This survey identified six types of judgments made by women when they were approached by an unknown man in town. To investigate the relation between these six types of judgments and the reaction of women to an unknown man, 290 female Japanese undergraduates participated in the main study. The results showed that judgments concerning risks and situation, as well as personality, intentions, and appearance of an unknown man were related to the reactions of women. The importance of judgments about personality of an unknown man and about risk in initiating relationships with males not belonging to the females’ social network are discussed.

著者

神原 歩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.1, pp.12-20, 2021 (Released:2021-04-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

---

It has been shown that people tend to view opponents as biased. Recent theoretical studies showed that this tendency occurs due to naïve realism. People tend to be overconfident about their objectivity ─ they believe they see the world as it really is (Naïve realism: Ross & Ward, 1995) ─ hence, they assume that people who have a different view must be biased (Pronin et al., 2004). This study examines the effect of encountering clear demonstrations that personal sensory perceptions are not necessarily accurate on the perception of opponents’ bias in their social judgment through exposure to visual illusions. A total of 87 participants were grouped by whether or not they experienced visual illusions. Participants who experienced visual illusions rated opponents as having fewer biases in their social judgments than participants who did not experience visual illusions. This suggested that a person’s overconfidence in their own perception ─ “I see the world as it really is” ─ might be one of the causes of people’s negative perception of opponents.

著者

羽鳥 剛史 小松 佳弘 藤井 聡

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.423-431, 2008 (Released:2011-10-15)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

7 5

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This study developed a scale measuring the spiritual vulgarity of the masses, based upon Ortega's “The revolt of the masses” (1957). A questionnaire was constructed with forty items, based on Ortega's descriptions of the characteristics of the spiritual vulgarity of the masses. The questionnaire was completed by 200 university students. The results of factor analysis of the vulgarity measurements yielded two subscales; autistic attitude and contumelious attitude. The two scales were correlated with other existing measures of social values, which was further evidence of validity.

著者

大竹 恵子 島井 哲志 池見 陽 宇津木 成介 ピーターソン クリストファー セリグマン マーティンE. P.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.461-467, 2005-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

21 19

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Purpose of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Values In Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS). Japanese VIA-IS was back-translated, and their items were checked by the developers of the original VIA-IS. Participants in our standardization study were 778 undergraduate students who answered a battery of self-report questionnaires. The battery consisted of the Japanese versions of VIA-IS, Subjective Happiness Scale, General Health Questionnaire, and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). It was found that VIA-IS has high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Happier people showed higher overall scores on VIA-IS and on almost all subscales both in men and women. Scores on VIA-IS were higher in the healthier group than in the unhealthy group, especially on the subscales of depression and impediment of social activities. Subscales of NEO-FFI were related to subscales of VIA-IS in a consistent way. High nomination groups showed significantly higher scores on eight subscales of VIA-IS than low nomination groups.

著者

金児 恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.1-9, 2006-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

10 4

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A multi-method approach was used to examine whether and how companion animals (CA) affect subjective well-being and social networks of Japanese people. In Study 1, a mail survey with a probability sample of 1250 Japanese adults over 40 years old showed that (1) female owners' attachment to CA negatively correlated with subjective well-being, and (2), although younger (under 65) CA owners had more close friends than non-owners, this tendency was reversed for those over 65. In Study 2, in-depth interviews with 27 adults showed that (1) female CA owners reported lower subjective well-being than non-owners, (2) although CA owners were generally successful in interacting with strangers through CA-related behaviors such as dog-walking, those relationships were unlikely to become close, and (3) in contrast to the owners' tendency to portray themselves in positive ways, most non-owners described CA owners negatively, such as being lonely or bad-mannered. Based on the present findings, which sharply contradict those of previous studies in the western societies, future issues are discussed.

著者

石原 金由 宮下 彰夫 犬上 牧 福田 一彦 山崎 勝男 宮田 洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.87-91, 1986-06-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

55 77

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Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) developed by Home & Östberg (1976) was translated into Japanese, and then, MEQ and Life Habits Inventory were administered to approximately 1500 university students. The distribution of MEQ scores was essentially normal, and the reliability of this questionnaire was high (γα=.702). Comparing among the morning, evening, and intermediate types, it was found that the morning type retired and arose significantly earlier than other types, although there was no significant differences in sleep length. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the morning and evening types in sleep latency, mood on arising, adequate amount of sleep, frequency and duration of nap, and number of staying awake all night per month. These results suggested that the evening type had more irregular sleep-waking habits than the morning type. Since the above results were obtained only from student population, further investigation on various populations is requested.

著者

布井 雅人 吉川 左紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15043, (Released:2016-05-10)

参考文献数

16

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Our preferences are influenced by the presence of others. However, it is unclear how the simultaneous presence of multiple others influences preference judgment. In this study, we presented multiple happy or disgust face images around a target and examined their influence on target preference. In Experiment 1, we presented only happy or disgust faces in order to examine the influence of quantity. In Experiment 2 and 3, we manipulated the ratio of happy or disgust and neutral faces. Findings revealed that the happy face increased the target preference and its effect varied by the ratio of happy faces. On the other hand, the disgust face decreased the target preference only if there was one such face. These results indicate that although the numeric information of others’ facial expressions influences preference judgment, this influence differs with the nature of others’ expressions.

著者

鈴木 淳子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.160-172, 2004-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

118

被引用文献数

1 1

---

A review of the cross-cultural research on gender in psychology since 1990 reveals (1) conceptual confusion of the definitions of sex, gender, man, and woman; (2) diversification, refinement, reification, and a problem-solving orientation in the research topics; and (3) the possibility of the elucidation of the psychological sex-difference mechanism in relation to the biological sex differences. A comparison of 1990 and 2000 cross-cultural psychological articles published in “Sex Roles” found that overall, the research is Western-centered and some methodological problems remain to be solved concerning the measures and the sampling. These findings lead to the following suggestions for cross-cultural research on gender to resolve the problems and contribute to the development of psychology in general: (1) use of an operational definition for conceptual equivalence; (2) conducting more etic-approach research; (3) avoiding ethnocentric or androcentric research attitudes; (4) use of a theoretical framework; (5) strict examination of methodologies; and (6) examination of the specific context of participants in terms of cultural diversity, dynamics of husband-wife relationships, and relationships with husbands and fathers.