著者

清水 栄長

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.6, pp.402-405, 1956 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

3

著者

小浜 駿

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.339-347, 2010

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This study investigated change of cognitions and feelings before, during, and after the process of procrastination. A questionnaire was administered to 358 undergraduate students asking them to recall and rate their experience of procrastinating. The results revealed that negative feelings which take place during procrastination interfere with task performance. Planning before procrastination is associated with positive feelings after procrastination, and these positive feelings assist task performance. Optimistic thinking is positively related to both positive and negative feelings; the former take place during procrastination, and the latter take place after procrastination.

著者

松田 侑子 永作 稔 新井 邦二郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.6, pp.512-519, 2010

被引用文献数

6

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The present study developed a job-hunting anxiety scale and investigated the influence of job-hunting anxiety on coping, number of job-hunting applications, and satisfaction with job-hunting. Questionnaires were completed by 306 college students who had started job-hunting. Explorative factor analysis extracted five factors such as "appeal anxiety", "support anxiety", "activity persistence anxiety", "test anxiety", and "a lack of readiness anxiety". Analysis of covariance structures indicated that (a) job-hunting anxiety was negatively related to problem-focused coping, the number of job-hunting applications, and the satisfaction with job-hunting, and (b) problem-focused coping was positively related to the number of job-hunting applications and the satisfaction with job-hunting. These results suggest that reduction of job-hunting anxiety and the use of problem-focused coping facilitated job-hunting.

著者

佐々木 掌子 山形 伸二 敷島 千鶴 尾崎 幸謙 安藤 寿康

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.330-338, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

4 2

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This study investigated the possible effects of genetic and environmental gender differences in effect on individual differences by using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) with twins. A sex/gender-limitation analysis, a behavior genetics methodology was used to the following: (a) effects of gender-specific genes, (b) gender differences in quantitative genetic effects, (c) effects of gender-specific shared environment, (d) gender differences of quantitative shared environment, and (e) gender differences of quantitative nonshared environment. Participants were adolescent and adult twins, including 111 identical male pairs, 241 identical female pairs, 36 fraternal male pairs, 65 fraternal female pairs, and 58 opposite-gender pairs. The results indicated that although masculinity and femininity were explained by genetic factors to some extent, there were no significant gender differences in the genetic factors. Moreover, because our data did not support a model which explained gender differences in the effects of specific common environment factors, no evidence was found to support the prenatal hormonal hypothesis or the existence of parenting which encouraged children's gender role personality.

著者

名畑 理津子 小川 健二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16315, (Released:2017-05-10)

参考文献数

23

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Eidetic imagery is a kind of mental visual imagery that is externally localized and literally “seen” by the eidetiker. Previous studies have not clarified whether eidetikers have enhanced visuo-spatial memory abilities. This study compared visuo-spatial short-term memory capacities between eidetikers and non-eidetikers who were matched in terms of age, gender, and visual imagery ability. We measured the memory capacity of nine eidetikers and 18 non-eidetikers in two memory tasks (Visual Pattern Test and Corsi Block Test) that differed in the mode of presentation of visual stimuli (simultaneous and sequential, respectively). Eidetikers performed better than non-eidetikers on simultaneous tasks but performed similarly to non-eidetikers on sequential tasks. This study suggests that eidetikers are better at retaining stimuli presented simultaneously.

著者

名畑 理津子 小川 健二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.260-266, 2017 (Released:2017-08-25)

参考文献数

23

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Eidetic imagery is a kind of mental visual imagery that is externally localized and literally “seen” by the eidetiker. Previous studies have not clarified whether eidetikers have enhanced visuo-spatial memory abilities. This study compared visuo-spatial short-term memory capacities between eidetikers and non-eidetikers who were matched in terms of age, gender, and visual imagery ability. We measured the memory capacity of nine eidetikers and 18 non-eidetikers in two memory tasks (Visual Pattern Test and Corsi Block Test) that differed in the mode of presentation of visual stimuli (simultaneous and sequential, respectively). Eidetikers performed better than non-eidetikers on simultaneous tasks but performed similarly to non-eidetikers on sequential tasks. This study suggests that eidetikers are better at retaining stimuli presented simultaneously.

著者

和田 さゆり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.61-67, 1996-04-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

140 110

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The purpose of this paper is to construct the Big Five Scales (BFS) of personality trait terms which are based on the items of ACL (Adjective Check List). First, the five-factor solution corresponding to the Big Five was obtained after a few steps of analysis, and then BFS was constructed. Next, the concurrent validity of BFS was investigated by means of joint factor analysis with a new type of personality inventory (NPI), at item level as well as scale level. It follows from these results that BFS is good markers for personality factors and NPI measures a wide area of personality traits which covers the Big Five.

著者

吉田 寿夫 村井 潤一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.3, pp.178-187, 2021 (Released:2021-08-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

8 5

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Although multiple regression analysis is a frequently used method for multivariate analysis in psychological research, it has been used inappropriately or incorrectly in most studies. To resolve these problems effectively, we investigated and summarized the issues related to the use of multiple regression analysis found in papers published in The Japanese Journal of Psychology and discussed the issues in detail. We argue that researchers should not use multiple regression analysis for simplistic reasons, such as “because there are several independent variables” or “because some relationships between independent variables or between independent and control variables are supposed.” We further argue the importance of carefully considering whether the purpose of the study is to explain or to predict and what kind of causal relationships exist between variables.

著者

苧阪 直行

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.6, pp.553-566, 2007-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

103

被引用文献数

5 4

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Biological studies of human consciousness based on recent neuroimaging experiments, i.e., functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), were reviewed from the viewpoint of different functions of consciousness. A biological hierarchy of consciousness structured in three levels, i.e., arousal, awareness and self-consciousness, was reviewed in connection with working memory. We found that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex, medial PFC, and parieto-temporal junction area play a crucial role in social cognition involving estimation of the mental states of other people. The ventrolateral PFC plays a role in language-based rehearsal/imitation in connection with a mirror system. Frontal pole and orbitofrontal areas are also likely to contribute to generation of self function, reward expectancy and internal planning of goal-directed behavior. Interestingly, we found that these various PFC and related areas strongly contribute to active consciousness based on the working memory system. Furthermore, we have shown that a theory-of-mind approach could be closely related to higher cognitive functions involved in working memory, which has a meta-recognition processes during mentalization.

著者

上條 菜美子 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.5, pp.445-454, 2014 (Released:2014-12-25)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

7 2

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This study examined the factors that influence meaning making and rumination related to stressful events. Six hypothetical scenarios were used, all of which were contextualized stressful events. Participants (N = 779) completed a questionnaire about one of the six scenarios, which assessed the possibility of preventing the event, the probability of the event occurring, the perceived threat of the event, the frequency of rumination, and meaning making. They completed a scale that assessed self-rumination and self-reflection as a way of thinking, and a scale that assessed executive function. Executive function and self-rumination were negatively correlated. Furthermore, self-rumination positively correlated with the frequency of rumination on the event. The perceived threat was high when the probability of the event occurring was low and the possibility of preventing the event was high. Although the perceived threat of the event inhibited meaning making, this was promoted by mediating the frequency of rumination. Self-reflection also directly promoted meaning making. Therefore, this study highlighted a number of factors that affect rumination and meaning making.

著者

熊田 真宙 吉田 弘司 橋本 優花里 澤田 梢 丸石 正治 宮谷 真人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.56-62, 2011 (Released:2011-08-29)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4 4

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Elderly people have lower ability for recognizing facial emotions than younger people. Previous studies showed that older adults had difficulty in recognizing anger, sadness and fear, but there were no consistent results for happiness, surprise and disgust. Most of these studies used a small number of stimuli, and tabulated the number of correct responses for facial expressions. These characteristics of the task might be the source of the discrepancy in the findings. The present study used a task which measures participants' discrimination thresholds for six basic emotions using psychophysical measurement methods. The results showed that the thresholds for elderly participants (74.8±6.5 yrs) were significantly higher than for younger participants (20.1±1.6 yrs) for sadness, surprise, anger, disgust and fear. There was no significant difference for happiness. Since the task that we developed was sufficiently sensitive, it is a useful tool for assessing individuals' ability to perceive emotion.

著者

佐藤 洋輔 沢宮 容子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17018, (Released:2018-08-10)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1

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This study examined the associations between sexual orientation, interpersonal factors, response styles, and mental health. A total of 1,330 graduate and undergraduate students—205 LGBs (lesbians, gays, and bisexuals) and 1,125 heterosexuals—completed a questionnaire on the topics of interpersonal stress, social support, two types of response styles (rumination and problem-solving), depression, and anxiety. The analysis of variance results indicated that LGB respondents reported more rumination and interpersonal stress and less social support than heterosexual respondents. Moreover, path and mediation analyses revealed that sexual orientation can increase depression and anxiety through interpersonal factors that promote rumination or inhibit problem-solving. These results suggest that LGB youth experience greater stress in interpersonal relationships, and this stress promotes maladaptive response styles that can exacerbate mental health.

著者

山田 歩 外山 みどり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.5, pp.492-500, 2010 (Released:2011-04-20)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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This study tested the prediction that preferences induced by hidden factors would be justified and even accelerated by other factors that seem to be plausible determinants as causes but, in fact, do not have any influence on the preferences. Participants were repeatedly exposed to a variety of product logos of detergents and then asked to choose one from a pair of detergents with different logos. For half of the participants, information on product quality was available at choice; for the other half, only logos were available. The participants showed a tendency to prefer detergents with the logos that were more frequently exhibited, and this tendency was stronger when information was available about the product quality. The participants seemed to believe that they based their decisions on the relative superiority of quality between the pairs as well as their logos. Provided with convincing, but incorrect, reasons to make a choice, the participants were encouraged to select the detergents whose attractiveness had actually been manipulated by exposing the participants to their logos.

著者

長峯 聖人 湯 立 三和 秀平 海沼 亮 浅山 慧 外山 美樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.22205, (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

27

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Scheduling is essential for the pursuit of everyday goals. Individual differences in scheduling are known as scheduling styles. Two subtypes of scheduling styles, clock-time style (based on time) and event-time style (based on progress), have recently been focused on as being related to individual differences in self-control. This study developed the Japanese version of the Task Scheduling Questionnaire (TSQ) for assessing people’s trait-like scheduling styles. We conducted three studies to examine the relationship between scheduling styles and university students’ pursuit of academic goals. Studies 1 and 2 surveyed university and high school students. The results indicated that the Japanese version of the TSQ had good reliability and validity. Study 3, using the Japanese version of the TSQ, revealed that the event-time style was positively associated with academic engagement, learning behavior, and university students’ academic performance. In contrast, the clock-time style was not associated with academic indicators. We have discussed the limitations of this study and the relationship between clock-time style and everyday goal pursuit.

著者

今北 哲平 仲嶺 実甫子 佐藤 寛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17040, (Released:2018-09-20)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

2

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Self-compassion and coping play important roles in the prevention or aggravation of stress response. However, less is known about how self-compassion and coping are linked to burnout, which is the specific stress response in professional caregivers. In this study, we examined the relationships between self-compassion, adaptive and maladaptive coping styles, and burnout controlling for the influence of work stressors on burnout in Japanese professional caregivers for the elderly (124 care staff and 132 home-care workers). The results of structural equation modeling provided two different models linking self-compassion to burnout via coping styles in care staff and home-care workers. The root mean square error of approximation in each sample was .056 and .053, respectively, which suggests that the data largely fit the model. These findings suggest that incorporating self-compassion training into a traditional model of stress management is effective in preventing burnout in professional caregivers.

著者

野田 航 岡田 涼 谷 伊織 大西 将史 望月 直人 中島 俊思 辻井 正次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.2, pp.169-175, 2013-06-25 (Released:2013-09-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

9 3

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The present study examines the relationship among inattentive, and hyperactive-impulsive behavior, aggression, and depression in elementary school and junior high school students. The participants were 3,885 children and their teachers and caregivers. Children’s inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior was rated by their teachers and caregivers (ADHD-RS). Children rated aggression (HAQ-C) and depression (DSRS-C) themselves. Inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior rated by teachers and caregivers were positively related to aggression and depression. Inattention predicted higher levels of aggression and depression. Inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior as rated by teachers was more highly related to depression than those behaviors as rated by caregivers. The relationships among inattentive, and hyperactive-impulsive behavior, aggression, and depression were almost the same for both elementary school and junior high school students. This study suggests the importance of assessing inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior from multiple views to examine the relationship between inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior and mental health problems.

著者

國見 充展 岩﨑 眞和 荻津 智絵 川端 珠美 櫻井 由美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20325, (Released:2021-06-30)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

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Ibaraki prefecture uniquely organizes campus aide (CA) activities performed mainly by graduate students to provide psychological support for senior high school students with multiple departments. This study evaluated the outcomes of remote CA through computer-mediated communication to identify its operability and implementation challenges based on the hypotheses that: (a) infrastructure development that meets requirements is feasible; but (b) it is difficult for remote CA to provide the same quality of psychological support as face-to-face support. During the remote CA period, there were no issues associated with the communication network, safety, or ethics, and an infrastructure based on a design concept was developed. However, analysis of student staff members’ reports using text mining revealed six challenges: instability of the communication network, speech contention, missing eye contact, psychological resistance to the presentation of each user’s self-image, limited field of view, and limited range of conversation due to the number of PCs. The results supported both hypotheses, while concluding that there is a significant opportunity for CA to listen actively whenever they are involved in a session.

著者

加藤 司 馬場 真美子 太幡 直也 下田 俊介 福田 美紀 大久保 暢俊

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.2, pp.146-155, 2013-06-25 (Released:2013-09-01)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 2

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This study investigated the professional impact of “Japanese Journal of Psychology.” Thirty four psychological journals written in Japanese were selected to register articles in a new database. This database included approximately 23,900 articles published through 2010. Using citations extracted from the references and footnotes in these scholarly journals, the Psychology Citation Index for Japanese Papers was created. The citation impact factors in Japanese psychology was determined on the basis of the number of times a journal was cited, cumulative impact factors, and the cited half-life of the journal; five years was a valid period for impact factor of psychological journals in Japan. The changes in the 5-year impact factors of “Japanese Journal of Psychology” were reviewed by comparing it with other journals.

著者

井川 純一 中西 大輔

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.5, pp.484-492, 2019 (Released:2019-12-25)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

8

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Two scales have been used to assess burnout in Japan: the Japanese Burnout Scale (JBS), which was developed in Japan, and the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), which was developed in the US. The MBI-HSS is widely used worldwide, while the JBS is generally used in Japan. We conducted a Web survey to clarify the difference between the two scales among three groups of human service professionals (N = 450). Using multiple analytic methods (e.g., correlation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, commonality regression analyses), we consistently found evidence that the two scales overlapped. Both scales’ structure of emotional exhaustion had high similarity; however, personal accomplishment and depersonalization were not very similar. Furthermore, the JBS was a better fit to the model than the MBI-HSS. These results indicate that the JBS is effective for surveying burnout among Japanese individuals, adding to result from previous studies in Japan; however, the MBI-HSS should be considered for international surveys, highlighting the need for appropriate selection of scales.

著者

若林 明雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.296-312, 1993-10-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

166

被引用文献数

3 3

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The purpose is to review the trend in “person-situation controversy”, and to comment on recent literature and their implications. “Person-situation controversy” is related to whether people do or do not have consistent personality traits. Although the topic is not at all new, it aroused a great deal of interest since the publication of Mischel's (1968) “personality and assessment”. Here, we began with Mischel's criticism against the trait approach, then, we discussed two opposite viewpoints of situationism and interactionism. Situationism is the idea that situational variables influence more on the behavior of people than personality traits, while interactionism is the idea that personality traits and situations interact with each other to influence behavior. Furthermore, this article focussed on three conceptual issues, such as consistency, prediction, and meaning of traits. Finally, the reconsideration and evaluation of the two viewpoints were presented from a viewpoint of personality psychology.