著者

橋本 典久

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.729, pp.909-917, 2016 (Released:2016-11-30)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 2

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A survey was conducted to gather data for an assessment of the vocal noise level from children playing in nursery schools or other similar facilities. Ten nursery schools were surveyed; 5 locations in Setagaya Ward, Tokyo and 5 in Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture. The surveys considered two cases: the noise levels while the children were playing in the yard, and those while they were playing inside. Measurements were taken over 10-minute intervals and the variables analyzed were equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level ( called equivalent continuous noise level ), maximum noise level, percentile noise level, and frequency (1/1 and 1/3 octave bands). Additionally, at the first nursery school surveyed, a continuous measurement of the noise level was conducted for 24 hours to examine the conditions of measurements and the length of the analysis period. The noise level was found to be approximately 20 dB higher while the children were playing in the yard or in the pool than during other times of day, and that was about 30 dB louder than at night. In the nursery schools where the measurements were taken, the noise levels were also about 5 to 7 dB higher while the children were entering in the morning, which was not a dramatic difference. The equivalent continuous noise level measured 10 m from the center of a group of children playing in the nursery school yard was about 62 dB when there were 10 individuals and 74 dB when there were 100 individuals. However, it was possible for the noise to momentarily reach levels over 90 dB. The mean level of the vocal noise also increased by about 10 dB during music classes and when a microphone was being used. The frequency analysis of vocal noise from children indicated peaks of around 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz. There were linear decreases from these peaks at other frequencies. These values were higher than the pitches observed from conversations involving only adults. The effectiveness of a noise barrier installed within the nursery school grounds was estimated using the above results. Four cases were considered, where the height of the wall was varied from 2.0 m to 3.5 m. The wall was estimated to reduce the noise by 15 - 20 dB, which was considered to be sufficiently effective.

著者

木本 慶介 相賀 洋 長井 達夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.802, pp.836-845, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

29

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Double skins are an effective technique for achieving ZEB. In this research, we will use meta-simulation and AI to construct a general-purpose blind control that can minimize the energy consumption of lighting and air conditioning when daylight is used. First, we built a simple double-skin meta-simulation model to clarify the thermal performance and energy consumption performance when various kinds of blind controls are performed. Next, we performed machine learning and element analysis using AI with the simulated result. Then, we clarified the most effective parameters on thermal performance and energy consumption performance.

著者

尾方 壮行 市川 真帆 堤 仁美 有賀 隆男 堀 賢 田辺 新一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.743, pp.57-64, 2018 (Released:2018-01-30)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 12

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The globalization of people and things results in the short average distance of the networks and emerging infectious disease can spread immediately after the development in this world. Thus, preventive infection control measures are important. The infection risk should be evaluated to adopt effective infection control measures. In this study, the cough machine that can generate human-like cough to evaluate the infection risk in indoor environments were developed to evaluate infection risk. The cough expired volume, travel distance, velocity, total mass of droplets, and particle size distribution of the droplets of the cough machine were compared with the subject experimental data. The deposition of droplet on facial mucous membranes, such like eyes and a mouth, at various distances and horizontal surfaces at different heights were measured using the cough machine and thermal manikin. It was shown that the number of droplet deposited on the position of facial mucous membranes decrease drastically over 90 cm when the infected person and susceptible person faced each other. On horizontal surfaces, the droplet deposited most at 50-60 cm and more than 90% of the droplet deposited within 90 cm. The number of droplet deposited on the surface under 50%RH condition was larger than that under 30%RH condition. The effect of relative humidity was larger on the near surface because the propagation time is shorter than it takes to deposit on the distant far-surface. We provide experimental evidence to evaluate droplet and contact infection risk that enable to address a question of the relative importance of each infection route.

著者

池野 和之介 福田 知弘 矢吹 信喜

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.776, pp.757-765, 2020 (Released:2020-10-30)

参考文献数

38

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The importance of the administrative authorities communicates information about disaster prevention is increased. When a natural disaster occurs in Japan, administrative authorities communicate this information using disaster administrative radio system. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications recommends distribution individual house receivers to all family, however, many municipalities use not individual house receivers but outdoor loudspeakers due to financial matters and limited cost-effectiveness. There is a problem that some regions don’t receive the information from outdoor loudspeakers. Municipalities need to reconsider the placement of outdoor loudspeakers, but it is difficult to confirm audibility intuitively and there are few cases that experts and non-experts such as government and citizens share and consider acoustic analytic results. High-precision outdoor acoustic analysis method is proposed. Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) System for visualizing simulation of environmental circumstances are developed. However, these simulation need many computer resources and take a long time. Therefore this study aims to develop an interactive visualization system for simulations of sound circumstance from outdoor loudspeakers using MR. By using an optical see-through Head Mounted Display (HMD) and tablet terminal, users can view the acoustic analytic results of the simulation. Sound simulation is carried out on PC. Furthermore, when users change the simulation condition such as sound source positions, users can view the results of the simulation immediately. It is necessary to create three-dimensional model of the object region and input our system preliminarily. This system uses the Ray-Tracing Method which is a type of geometric acoustic simulation method because this method can reduce calculation load. And, using the approximate of Maekawa Chart, this system can handle transmission of diffracted sound which cannot be handled in geometric acoustic simulation method. This system converts simulation results into sound pressure level (SPL) and shows heatmap and bar histogram by using MR. Our proposed system can reduce calculation load by using Sound Ray-Tracing Method. Our system is appropriate for an interactive system. However, when users view the acoustic analytic results of simulation by using HoloLens which is one of the optical see-through Head Mounted Display, this system needs time for rendering objects such as sound receiver and heatmap because of too many objects. The cause of this problem is the data transmission speed between PC and HoloLens. By reducing drawn objects and improving transmission speed, this problem is solved. We set coordinates of the sound source at the same place as the current position of one of the outdoor loudspeakers and simulated by using our system. We tested the effectiveness of our system by comparing the simulation results to more detailed simulation results and actual measurement value. The conclusions of the present study are shown below. ● Develop the groundwork of interactive visualization system for sound environment simulation using MR. ● Reduce calculation load by using Ray-Tracing Method which is a type of geometric acoustic simulation method. ● Confirm audibility intuitively by heatmap and bar histogram by using MR. The future prospect is to enable simulation in consideration of plural sound sources, wind and temperature.

著者

藤原 陽三 絵内 正道 鈴木 憲三 羽山 広文

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.628, pp.767-774, 2008-06-30 (Released:2009-09-30)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

4 2

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In order to search trends in further energy saving in highly insulated and airtight houses in Hokkaido, Japan, an actual-condition investigation on a central-heating system fitted in five such houses, each with different methods of construction, was performed. The results were obtained as follows.:1)The equivalent leakage area value of a steel frame construction was 3.2cm2/m2 that was less than a two-by-four construction(0.33cm2/m2) and a conventional wood construction(1.1-1.7cm2/m2) .It is important to be improved air-tightness of steel frame construction houses by various construction methods. 2) Heat loss coefficient estimated from these experimental results was 0.94 -1.59W/(m2•K). To reduce energy consumption for heating,it will become more important to improve thermal-insulation properties and air tightness.3) The heating-system efficiency obtained from these experimental results was in the range of 72 to 93%. Although the ratio of actual boiler capacity to demanded heat-source capacity extrapolated from actual measurements ranges from two to three times,the effect on system efficiency was less than 10%.However it is necessary to include this 10% in the task of planning a heating system.

著者

久保田 徹 アーマッド スピアン

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.608, pp.81-87, 2006

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 6

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This paper presents the findings of a questionnaire survey on usage of air-conditioners and windows among selected households in terraced house areas in Johor Bahru City, Malaysia. The results showed 62% of respondents owned an average of 2.3 air-conditioners. It was suggested that the reduction of both numbers and use of air-conditioners would be one of particularly important means for energy-saving among households in terraced house areas. Although approximately 80% of respondents opened their windows during the daytime, only around 10% did so during the nighttime. It is important to encourage occupants to open their windows especially during the nighttime for utilizing the night ventilation.

著者

城戸 千晶 久保 博子 東 実千代 佐々 尚美

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.800, pp.657-667, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-10-01)

参考文献数

43

---

This study aimed to evaluate the bedroom thermal environment of older adults and to clarify the effects of the thermal environment on sleep using a longitudinal field survey. More than 90% of bedroom temperatures were higher than the recommended standard bedroom temperature for older people (23-27℃). However, most participants rated their bedroom environment as cool and comfortable. A high bedroom temperature, above29℃, decreased sleep quality, subjective sleep evaluation, and extended time in bed. Adjusting to an appropriate bedroom thermal environment is important for maintaining sleep quality and preventing excessive sleep duration.

著者

増田 光弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.812, pp.808-817, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

参考文献数

10

---

The floating disaster prevention house (FDPH) was proposed, and conclusions about its disaster prevention performance were obtained as follows from this study.1. The floating unit can perform the floating performance regardless of the slit position and the slit area of the flood wall, flow velocity and elevating speed of the water level.2. The floating behavior of the floating unit can be reduced at the start of floating by setting up the clearance between the bottom of the flood wall and the floating unit.3. FDPH is expected to be less susceptible to fluid pressure and drifting objects.

著者

藤井 香菜子 新井 遥 若林 航也 深和 佑太 戸邉 亮司 永井 拓生 中川 純 田辺 新一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.802, pp.895-906, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

35

---

Partial insulation retrofitting is an effective method for improving thermal insulation in existing houses as its construction cost is lower than that of total insulation retrofitting. This study aimed to clarify the actual conditions of the thermal environment in partially insulated retrofitted houses in summer and winter. Furthermore, the size of insulated areas and heating methods were examined from perspective of energy consumption and health. Field surveys on indoor environments were conducted in an actual partially insulated retrofitted house in Chiba prefecture. Subsequently, we show the effects of different insulation areas and heating methods on energy consumption and health.

著者

丸山 翔永 森 太郎 大柳 佳紀

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.764, pp.911-918, 2019 (Released:2019-10-30)

参考文献数

12

---

Introduction Recently, highly insulated housings are increasing nationwide. Especially in Hokkaido, the development of wooden high insulated housing has been developed from the early days. The number of those housing supplied to the market was growing after the 1980s. Nowadays, those housings are renovating. It is a good opportunity to observe how various methods have influenced insulation performance and deterioration. The purpose of this research is to give insight into distribution of second-hand housing. We analyzed insulation performance such as Q-value and air-tightness of the housings with entire insulation renovation and the existing housings in Hokkaido.  Methods First, we conducted a questionnaire survey. The target housings are 51 housings (Hoppougata-Jyutaku) built in Asahikawa city, Sapporo city (Kita-ku, Toyohira-ku), Kitahiroshima city in the 1990s. Next, we conducted an inspection of the target housings. The target housings consist of 13 renovated houses (a1-a13) in Sapporo city, Kitahiroshima city, Tomakomai city and 17 existing houses in Sarufutsu town, Shimokawa town, Asahikawa city, Sapporo city and Takasu town (b1-b17).  Summary 1) The most frequent renovation was "painting or replacement the outer wall and roof." Also, there were many answers which conducted "replacement of heating and hot-water supply equipment at the same time." 2) About C-value of renovated housings, the RMSE of C-value was 0.56 cm2/m2 and the average absolute error rate was 43%. The C-value in the inspection, about ten years after renovation, were higher than the values just after renovation in many houses, and the airtightness was somewhat deteriorated. However, in most housings, no significant deterioration of the air-tightness was confirmed even after ten years from the renovation. It was confirmed that the performance can be maintained when wooden houses are adequately insulated and repaired.  About C-value of existing housings, those can be classified into the values under 2.0 that provide sufficient air-tightness compared with new houses and the values over 3.5 that not provide enough air-tightness. There were deteriorations such as moisture problem, dew, and fungi when the air-tightness was not enough. 3) About the Q-value, the average error between calculation values and measurement value was 0.32 W/m2K, and the average reliable section width was 0.36 W/m2K. Also, 36.4% of calculated values were within the reliable section, and few housings were below the calculation values. In the future, it is predicted that more reliable values can be calculated by conducting detailed examination of the heating area. 4) In this report, the housings with entire insulation renovation, the deterioration of insulation performance was hardly confirmed. However, in the case of cold climate areas, there is the possibility of deterioration in partial insulation renovation. Therefore, we will consider the finance system to achieve full insulation renovation, not partial renovation in the future.

著者

横井 梓 齋藤 美穂

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.683, pp.1-7, 2013-01-30 (Released:2013-05-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

6 3

---

The purpose of this study is to show the peculiarity of mood and impression evaluation in the VR system for the simulation of a residential environment using a large screen. We conducted a psychological evaluation for a virtual space and real room using the SD method and found that the VR space brought a pleasant mood, but the first experience of a virtual space caused a nervous condition. Moreover, it was difficult for them to acquire a fresh feeling as well as a sense of width and depth in a virtual space, in contrast to a real space. Furthermore, it was easier to express beauty, simplicity and youthfulness, but more difficult to express warmth and individuality in a virtual space.

著者

小林 茂雄 小林 美紀

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.699, pp.403-410, 2014-05-30 (Released:2014-07-15)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 1

---

This research examined staying behaviors in streets at midnight in Shibuya area, and evaluated sitting sensation of the outdoor elements continuously from 16:00 till 5:00 on the next day. The investigated results are summarized as follows.- The number of sitting people in the streets increased most at 23:00, and the sitting people's ratio to the people on the streets was the highest around 3:00 a.m. It was observed that people converted various interspaces produced by reduction in traffic or closing of shops into the comfortable staying spaces.- The outdoor elements evaluated that people could sit and talk or eat increased continuously from 23:00 to 5:00, and the elements evaluated that they could do such behaviors comfortably increased most at 23:00.- The possibility of supporting midnight staying behaviors based on the investigation and the interview was examined. It was considered effective to change the diversity steps close to the streets to the seating elements.

著者

遠藤 哲夫 吉野 涼二 寺田 矩芳 東山 潤司

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.587, pp.71-78, 2005-01-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

---

High wireless communication systems demands in a variety of office, public and residential environments requires the electromagnetic properties of building materials to predict the indoor wave propagation. This paper describes the equivalent electrical properties of typical building walls composed of several building materials. We estimate the complex specific dielectric constant of building materials composition from the spatial transmission loss measurements and discuss the dispersion of the measured transmission loss. The validity of the estimated equivalent dielectric constant is discussed by a comparison of the reflection loss between the measurement and the prediction. This spatial reflection loss measurement can be one of the effective methods to determine the equivalent electromagnetic properties of composite building walls.

著者

辻村 壮平 上野 佳奈子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.653, pp.561-568, 2010-07-30 (Released:2010-09-03)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

7 6

---

In order to investigate the effect of indoor sound environment in a classroom on learning efficiency, laboratory experiments were conducted. In the experiment, the percentage of correct answers of each task, subjective judgment on degree of disturbance and the power level of frontal midline theta rhythm (Fmθ) were measured under the three types of sound environmental conditions (no-noise, air-conditioning noise, talking noise) in anechoic room. From the result, it was confirmed that the sound environment condition significantly change the percentage of correct answers, the subjective judgment on degree of disturbance and the power level of Fmθ for listening task and proofreading (under the acoustical condition of signal to noise ratio (SNR) 0 dB). Furthermore, the possibility of improvement on learning efficiency by amplifying speech level was investigated. From the result, it was suggested that the amplification of speech signal level decrease the influence of sound environment in classrooms on learning efficiency.

著者

羽田 正沖 西原 直枝 田辺 新一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.638, pp.507-515, 2009-04-30 (Released:2009-11-24)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

5 11

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To investigate the effect of thermal environment and the ventilation rate on productivity, a subjective experiment was conducted. The conditions were the combination of thermal environment: operative temperature of 25.5°C and 28.5°C; and the ventilation rate: 11m3/(h•p) and 90m3/(h•p). Eleven subjects participated in a 350min exposure and worked on three-digit multiplication tasks for 180min. The percentage of dissatisfied with air quality was higher in the higher temperatures and in the lower ventilation rates. The performance of the task was not significantly different among the conditions. The increase of the level of fatigue was more in the higher temperature condition. Correlation between the percentage of dissatisfied derived from perceived air quality and the fatigue level was obtained. The relationships of the task performance and the satisfaction vote of the indoor environment and the level of fatigue were obtained.

著者

柳井 悠希 伊香賀 俊治 川久保 俊

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.676, pp.533-539, 2012-06-30 (Released:2012-07-27)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1 7

---

In order to clarify the effect of classroom environmental quality on students' health and learning performance, field measurements, assessments using CASBEE-School (Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency for school), and questionnaire survey for students and their teachers were conducted in 12 elementary schools. From the results of the survey conducted in both summer and winter, a significant correlation was observed between score for Q1 (indoor environment) category of CASBEE-School and students' satisfaction with their classroom in each school, and effectiveness of assessments by CASBEE-School was validated. However, there is still room for further improvement of assessment system in detail. In addition, a significant correlation between students' satisfaction and both of physical conditions and concentration was observed in this study.

著者

山中 俊夫 甲谷 寿史 松尾 真臣

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.623, pp.47-52, 2008-01-30 (Released:2008-10-31)

参考文献数

8

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“Smellscape” is a new point of view in evaluating the living environment. This aim of this study is to investigate the smellscape described by residents to evaluate the living environment in respect of odor. In this paper, questionnaire survey on the odor experience and visitor-panel test on perceived odors were conducted in four districts in Hanshin area, and the smell maps were tried to be drawn for each odor kind. As a result, the characteristics of various kind of odors were made clear and the difference between residents' evaluation and visitors' evaluation were shown.

著者

白石 靖幸 加藤 信介 石田 義洋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.577, pp.13-18, 2004-03-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 3

---

In order to clarify the prediction accuracy of Boussinesq approximation, natural convection in a enclosure with heated and cooled vertical walls is analyzed by CFD technique based on Boussinesq approximation and low Mach number approximation. In the case of ΔT=300℃, the difference of the velocity profile between Boussinesq approximation and low Mach number approximation is great, and about 20% of the maximum velocity in the perpendicular direction. The cause which produces such a difference is mainly due to fact that the density of air in the continuity equation is constant in Boussinesq approximation.

著者

藤井 良平 天野 雄一朗 松田 健太郎 田島 昌樹 井上 貴之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.808, pp.521-528, 2023-06-01 (Released:2023-06-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

Experiments and questionnaires were conducted at an elementary school to determine the effect of environment monitoring system on ventilation behavior. The LED lamp display according to the carbon dioxide concentration served as a criterion for decision-making on ventilation behavior, and the percentage of carbon dioxide concentrations exceeding the standard (1,000 ppm) decreased for many classrooms. Alternatively, in some classrooms, excessive ventilation was fixed, and the thermal environment was also improved. Moreover, the children’s involvement in opening windows for ventilation increased.

著者

細井 昭憲 澤地 孝男 三浦 尚志 安浪 夕佳

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.654, pp.741-747, 2010-08-30 (Released:2010-10-08)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

7 4

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This research is aimed to propose the method of calculating COP of the residential air conditioner, and to clarify an energy conservation performance and the best operation method. Because the information on the performance of residential air conditioners that we can obtain is usually limited, we propose the calculation method of COP which can be predicted from general catalog information. First, the change in the refrigerating cycle by the outside temperature and the amount of the heat supply was analyzed. Next, the characteristic of COP change was clarified by the theoretic refrigerating cycle COP. Finally, we led the prediction method of COP based on the similarity of the relation between power consumption and the heat supply.