著者

田村 太一 林 立也 阿部 千聖

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.806, pp.233-242, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-04-01)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

---

A questionnaire survey was conducted to exploratorily examine the relationship between school building plans, indoor environment elements, and factors that increase learning motivation and motivation to learn.As a result, it was shown that classroom design, lighting environment, safety plans, and architectural plans that help students' minds can mainly affect factors that increase learning motivation and motivation to learn. Furthermore, it was shown that interactive spaces and playgrounds can affect some factors that increase learning motivation and motivation to learn.In addition, it was shown that environmental factors may indirectly affect motivation to learn through factors that increase learning motivation.

著者

伊藤 一秀 水野 優

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.636, pp.193-199, 2009-02-28 (Released:2009-11-02)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3 3

---

The overarching objective of this study is to develop the numerical model based on logistic equations that predict fungal proliferation and colony forming by taking into account the influence of moisture, temperature and surface characteristics of building materials for various fungi. Toward this end, this paper provides the results of fundamental experiment which measure the responses of fungal mycelium length and colony size on culture media under various environmental conditions. The characteristic of this experiment is to make the suspension that strictly controls the density of the spores, and to execute both the mycelium growth experiment on glass plate and the colony formation experiment on culture media with the same slurry of fungal spores. We focus on humidity effect on fungal growth and mycelium lengths were directly measured by using the digital image data with the microscope that had been taken a picture every 24 hours. Obvious humidity dependence of fungal growth was confirmed in this experiment. In this research, we propose the fungous growth model based on a logistic expression and reports on the result of doing the fitting of the model coefficient by using the experiment data. The results of fungal growth model by logistic expression were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.

著者

梅野 徹也 鉾井 修一 齋藤 宏昭 本間 義規

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.729, pp.951-959, 2016 (Released:2016-11-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Most exterior walls of wooden residential buildings in Japan have a vented air space between the exterior cladding and insulation. This air space is designed to dehumidify exterior walls by discharging humidity to the outside and taking outdoor air into the walls, in order to decrease the risk of condensation on exterior walls in winter. Many studies have been carried out on vented air space, and the most effective thickness for dehumidification has been determined. However, most of these studies have only investigated the performance of vented air spaces under laboratory conditions, and the characteristics of vented air spaces in the field have not been clarified. Our previous study clarified the characteristics of ventilation volume through the vented air space based on field measurements. This study continues that work by reporting on the hygro-thermal characteristics of vented air space. Temperature and humidity were measured in an experimental house built in Iwate prefecture, and the hygro-thermal characteristics of the vented air space were verified. Temperature and humidity in the vented air space were affected by the outdoor temperature and humidity during most periods of time, except when the wall was exposed to solar radiation. Indoor temperature and humidity had less of an effect on the vented air space, because the walls of the experimental house are well insulated and highly moisture proof. The temperature of the vented air space is 20 or 30 degrees higher than the outdoor temperature when exposed to the sun during the day, and the humidity of the vented air space also rises. It is thought that the rise in humidity is due to moisture desorption from the exterior cladding. The vented air space of the east wall that is exposed to the sun in the early morning tends to have high humidity for a short time because moisture desorption from exterior cladding occurs when the temperature of the wall is low. Solar radiation on the wall also produces a temperature difference between the vented air space and the outside that is one of the driving forces of ventilation in the vented air space. So ventilation volume tends to be high when the wall is exposed to the sun, and low at night time. This means that ventilation volume in the vented air space is high during moisture desorption from the exterior wall cladding and low during moisture absorption. As a result, most of the desorbed moisture from the exterior cladding is discharged well by the ventilation, and the absolute humidity in the vented air space is kept lower than that outdoors. Through long-term measurement of the hygro-thermal characteristics of the vented air space, it was shown that absolute humidity of the vented air space is lower on the average than the outdoor air due to daily variation in ventilation volume and moisture absorption by the exterior cladding. A numerical simulation was conducted and the results of the field survey were simulated. The hygro-thermal characteristics of the vented air space, moisture absorption by the exterior cladding and drying of the vented air space over the long term were generally confirmed.

著者

藤田 浩司 岩前 篤 佐藤 寛 高原 梨沙子 鈴木 曜

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.768, pp.159-167, 2020 (Released:2020-02-28)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

---

The high cost of improving thermal insulation performance in houses is one of the hindrances to the spread of the improvement in thermal insulation performance, and it takes a long time to recover these costs through reduction of heating and cooling costs alone. Under such circumstances, in recent years, it has been reported that improvement in thermal insulation performance reduces the likelihood of various diseases among people inhabiting these houses, and this reduces medical costs. However, the relationship between thermal insulation performance and medical costs has not been quantitatively evaluated. If medical costs in relation to the thermal insulation performance of a house can be evaluated quantitatively, they can be taken into consideration in the recovery period of the costs of the improvement of the thermal insulation performance. Furthermore, it is possible to examine the most economical thermal insulation performance when considering the costs for thermal insulation, heating and cooling costs, and medical costs together. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the medical costs in relation to the thermal insulation performance of the house, and examined the thermal insulation performance that is most economical when the costs for thermal insulation, heating and cooling costs, and medical costs are considered. Furthermore, we examined the cost recovery period for the improvement in the thermal insulation performance from that which satisfied the 2013 standard to the above-mentioned most economical thermal insulation performance, taking into consideration the reduction in heating and cooling costs and medical costs. We assumed that the onset of various diseases is not directly affected by the thermal insulation performance of the house, but is affected by the thermal environment in the house, which is formed according to the thermal insulation performance of the house and the heating and cooling method. On the basis of the relationships between insulation levels of various houses and improvement rates in various diseases shown in the previous research, we estimated the thermal environments in houses in correspondence to each level of insulation and estimated medical costs from improvement rates in various diseases. We proposed formulas to estimate the medical costs for heart diseases and vascular brain diseases from the mean daily minimum operative temperature of the house from February 1 to February 7 and formulas to estimate the medical costs for diseases, excluding heart diseases and vascular brain diseases, from the mean operative temperature of the rooms the family inhabits from January 1 to February 28. We proposed these formulas separately for the age groups 0 to 19, 20 to 39, 40 to 59, and 60 and older. Furthermore, using these formulas, we examined the most economical insulation performance, including insulation costs, heating and cooling costs, and medical costs. The average heat transmission coefficient of the envelope (UA value) of a house having this most economical insulation performance is 0.4 to 0.5 W/m2K for a floor-insulation house, and 0.36 to 0.4 W/m2K for a foundation-insulation house. We found that by considering not only heating and cooling costs but also medical costs, the cost recovery period for the improvement in the thermal insulation performance from that which satisfied the 2013 standard to the above-mentioned most economical thermal insulation performance was significantly shortened, to around ten years.

著者

川久保 俊 伊香賀 俊治 村上 周三 星 旦二 安藤 真太朗

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.700, pp.555-561, 2014-06-30 (Released:2014-07-15)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

9 11

---

Previous studies have revealed relationships between specific residential environmental factors and residents' health status. However, no previous study has considered the comprehensive health risk due to overall residential environment. Therefore, a large-scale nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted using CASBEE Health Checklist to examine the residential environment of detached houses and residents' health status. Results show that overall residential environment was likely an important determinant of health and was associated with disease prevalence among residents.

著者

吉野 博 飯野 由香利 瀧澤 のりえ 岩下 剛 熊谷 一清 倉渕 隆 長澤 悟 永田 明寛 長谷川 麻子 村松 學

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.639, pp.643-650, 2009-05-30 (Released:2009-11-30)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

6 5

---

This study aims to clarify the actual installing conditions of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and their operations in public elementary schools based on 568 school data obtained from a nation wide investigation. Some results are shown as follows: 1) Insufficient thermal insulation and air tightness were provided in many school buildings in warm climate areas, 2) Heating systems were provided in almost all rooms but their installing conditions varied with respective areas, 3) Air-conditioning systems for cooling are on the increase in many areas, especially urban areas, and 4) Ventilating systems are not operated under optimum conditions because of inadequate management. We suggest that the building envelope systems should be improved and it is necessary to make guidelines and inform teachers of the essentials of maintenance for HVAC systems for efficient operation.

著者

小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.585, pp.7-12, 2004

被引用文献数

5 1

---

In this research, an experiment was conducted to evaluate lighting environments in a commercial street in different time zones when the shops were open and after they had closed. In the results, the evaluation of the lighting environment while shops were open was very high for shopping behavior etc., but the evaluation after the shops were closed was low for all usage behaviors. The evaluations of shopping behavior, feeling of security, and nuisances, etc. tended to be determined chiefly by the average luminance level of the street. Moreover, color and height of street lights, and strength and color of shops' internal illuminations were found to have a strong effect on relaxing scenery and atmospheric behaviors.

著者

津田 智史 小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.609, pp.85-91, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of interpersonal distance from others on the emotions and behavior of couples staying along by the sea. An investigation to observe the behavior of actual couples, and an experiment to assess the opinions of the couples were carried out in the early evening and the nighttime. In the results, the following points were demonstrated. ・ Couples tended to stay together longer and more closely when the distance from others was large. This tendency appeared more strongly in the nighttime than in the early evening. Couples expected to maintain a private space of at least 2 to 3 meters on both sides. ・ Women tended to notice the proximity of others more in the early evening. This tendency was stronger when the others were groups of men rather than mixed male-female groups. ・ Generally in the evening, couples' behavior was not affected by the attributes of others. In some cases, couples moved even closer together when another couple approached than when no-one was near.

著者

横山 広樹 大岡 龍三 菊本 英紀

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.738, pp.767-777, 2017 (Released:2017-08-30)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

---

Urban environmental issues related to heat and aerial pollutants have become increasingly more serious. Atmospheric properties, such as air temperature, wind velocity, and pollutant concentrations, are typically measured at meteorological observation stations. However, due to the low spatial resolution of the station networks, we cannot observe local issues occurring on the scale of people's daily lives. Thus, mobile measurement is an effective method for addressing the insufficient measurement points in urban areas. However, the extent of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurement errors are unclear and results of mobile measurements are uncertain. Therefore, this paper discusses the applicability of mobile measurements to high-density urban areas. After investigating the range of GPS errors, we consider the following three aspects: (1) spatial distribution of air temperature at a high spatial resolution of 10 m; (2) the range of uncertainties in mobile measurement results; and (3) the impact of spatial resolution (10 m or 100 m) on the measured spatial distribution of air temperature. In this study, we used bicycles as mobile measurement platforms to investigate the spatial distribution of air temperature. Two measurement sites in Tokyo were selected: Shinjuku, a commercial area (August 25th to 28th, 2015) and Shibuya, a residential area (January 20th to 29th and February 16th to 19th, 2016). We equipped bicycles with platinum resistance thermometers (a high responsivity rate of 2.2 s), a data logger, and a GPS logger to measure air temperature and spatial position during the sequential travel of the bicycles. Measurements in Shinjuku were conducted on cloudy days. To ensure that the measurement conditions were consistent, measurements in Shibuya were conducted from 16:00 to 18:00, when solar radiation, and thus its influence, was very low. From the results, we draw the following conclusions. Firstly, GPS data collected in urban areas tend to include positioning errors of 14 m on average due to the reflective properties of building surfaces according to adapting our developing correction method. Secondly, spatial distribution of air temperature variation was almost ±0.65 °C (min to max). Thirdly, the average of uncertainty of air temperature variation was 0.03 °C. It was much smaller than the range of air temperature variation (min to max). Lastly, we can find a similar distribution of air temperature between a mesh size of 10 m and 100 m. However, a spatial resolution of less than 100 m was necessary in order to observe locations where the air temperature is locally higher than near street intersections. However, we have to consider GPS errors are 14 m on average, which is larger than a mesh size of 10 m. From the above, we obtained a characteristic spatial distribution of air temperature by correcting position data. Suppose that we reduce uncertainty to less than 0.1 °C in the case that the max value of standard deviation of air temperature at each cell is 0.4 °C, 16 samples at each cell must be corrected in one hour. Therefore, we found mobile measurement is an effective method for investigating environmental conditions in high-density urban areas for high spatial resolution.

著者

齋藤 宏昭 三浦 尚志 桑沢 保夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.688, pp.461-470, 2013-06-30 (Released:2013-08-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 1

---

This study focuses on impact of vapor proofing and airtightness on hygrothermal performance for wooden exterior walls. Partial air and moisture penetration into fibrous insulation layer of the wall were mainly addressed in terms of practical issue for the hygrothermal design. Laboratory experiments using wall assemblies with partial defects for vapor proofing such as outlet were implemented to better understand moisture distribution and air flow within the walls when pressure difference occurs between the indoor and the outdoor rooms. After a developed HAM analysis model was verified by the lab-experiments, long-term simulations were performed to clarify moisture accumulation within the wall under various climate conditions. The simulation results indicated that requirements of both the vapor proofing and the air tightness can be mitigated in mild climate regions. Additionally, the results showed that the partial defect at the top of walls causes the moisture accumulation.

著者

山下 絢也 佐藤 真奈美

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.665, pp.595-600, 2011-07-30 (Released:2011-11-17)

参考文献数

14

---

Many residences with high thermal performance are equipped with sensible-heat type heating equipment that generates no moisture. To preserve air quality, therefore, such residences require ventilation at scheduled intervals, resulting in the problem of dry room interiors. Humidifiers used for simple hygrothermal regulation require approximately 150 W of electricity, encouraging additional energy consumption. In this study, we simulated a hygrothermal distribution that does not consume energy, using moisture generated by drying wet laundry in a room. There was no damage due to condensation formed on windows or other moisture condensation in the room next to the heated room.

著者

秋山 和也 大塚 雅之 久保田 雄亮 重藤 博司

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.812, pp.799-807, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

参考文献数

15

---

This study aims to evaluation of carrying performance when water saving toilets are connected to drainage pipes in various configurations, and makes use of it for plumbing design. Internationally, ISO 31600:2022 was established as a standard for labeling and performance testing of water-using equipment, including toilets. However, this standard is limited to equipment and do not take into account the waste carrying performance. In this report, carrying performance when the amount of flushing water, the pipe diameter, and the gradient are changed in straight pipe is experimentally identified.

著者

小林 茂雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.637, pp.271-276, 2009-03-30 (Released:2009-11-24)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

5 7

---

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of vivid colored lighting on appetite for food. The experiments were carried out to observe subjects' evaluations of various dishes illuminated with vivid colored lights in a room assumed to be a restaurant. The results of the experiments are summarized as follows.1. Appetite tended not to decrease when the food was illuminated with colors similar to those of the food. It was thought that this was because the food color did not change to any great extent.2. Appetite for food with plural colors tended to decrease more than was the case for monochrome foods. It was thought that this was because the color balance of the food with plural colors was easily changed by the colored lights.3. Appetite tended to be maintained at a constant level when the temperature of the food corresponded to the warm/cool image of the colored lights. On the other hand, appetite tended to decrease when the above two factors did not correspond.4. When the food was illuminated with blue and green lights, the appetite of women tended to be lower than that of men.

著者

高田 暁

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.693, pp.835-840, 2013-11-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

5

---

For establishing the basis of clarifying the conditions to create indoor thermal environment without discomfort due to sensation of dryness in winter (dry season), several kinds of questionnaire surveys were conducted. The questionnaire survey to great mass of office workers and students revealed that more than half of them experienced discomfort due to dryness in indoor spaces and that they sensed dryness most in the throat, followed by the lip, eyes, and face. At the same time, based on the surveys for occupants during sedentary work, the relationship between the sensation of dryness and the thermal environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity, and wind velocity was studied. The results showed that the sensation of dryness could be caused more intensively when the air temperature or the wind velocity is higher or the humidity is low. This might correspond with the physical mechanism of moisture evaporation from skin or mucous membrane, and suggest the alternatives of indoor thermal environmental control in winter other than humidification.

著者

菊本 英紀 大岡 龍三

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.801, pp.759-765, 2022-11-01 (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

23

---

Based on the assumption of a non-uniform pollutant concentration distribution and stochastic determination of pollutant sources and receptors in indoor space, this study shows how to formulate the expected pollutant concentration observed by the receptors in the presence of an air cleaner, using adjoint concentration and parameters related to probability of pollutants passing through the cleaner. Using this formulation, the structure of the concentration reduction effect of the cleaner and its optimal placement are discussed. The studies with the formulation are also conducted under the assumption of instantaneous uniform diffusion and for a problem in one-dimensional space.

著者

金 炫兌 小金井 真

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.799, pp.550-558, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

参考文献数

18

---

This study measured the evacuation environment in the shelter and also conducted questionnaire surveys to find out the ways to improve the evacuation environment and future issues. The study results showed that the temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration in the shelter were in stable conditions. In addition, the participants demonstrated high satisfaction in terms of the evaluation of acceptance and satisfaction of thermal environment. This study suggested that the air environment of the evacuation center correlates with the hygiene of the evacuees. As for the thermal environment for evacuees, improvement of airflow and floor surface temperature was required.

著者

岩下 剛 花田 良彦 合原 妙美

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.585, pp.55-60, 2004-11-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

6 8

---

The impact of the room temperature on the occupants' recollection of watched video program was studied in two sessions, i.e., the experiment under warm condition (29℃) and that under cool condition (22℃). After watching 30 minutes video program, the subjects answered the questionnaire, which asked the contents of the program. It was found that there was significant difference in the percentage of correct answer in the rather difficult questions of the above questionnaire between two sessions. The percentage of correct answer under the cool condition was more than that under the warm condition. The evaluation for the indoor environment and the subjects' internal condition by the subjects under the warm condition was worse than that by the subjects under the cool condition. Besides the experiments, the subjects' memorization faculty was tested. There was no significant difference in the memorization faculty between two sessions of the subjects.

著者

橋本 剛 鈴木 健次 長野 和雄 石井 仁 兼子 朋也 堀越 哲美

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.656, pp.907-913, 2010-10-30 (Released:2011-02-16)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 3

---

The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of a series of windbreaks on the microclimate in a settlement. Horage settlement is located in Tsukuba City where the seasonal cold wind called“Tsukuba-Oroshi”blows in winter, and that settlement is surrounded with windbreaks. Field observations of air temperature, humidity, wind direction and velocity were conducted in winter of 2006 and 2007. The protecting effect of windbreaks against the seasonal prevailing wind was observed clearly in the daytime when the strong wind blew in the observation area. Wind velocity in the built-up area was decreased with about 45% of that in the outside of the settlement. The heat island appeared clearly in the early morning and at night when the wind was weak or calm. Daily ranges of air temperature were small in the northeast area covered with dense windbreak woods.

著者

大木 知佳子 岡本 俊英 只木 寿理恵 山本 竜也 相賀 洋 吉澤 望

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.766, pp.1067-1076, 2019 (Released:2019-12-30)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1 4

---

Daylight harvesting is now attracting attention not only from energy saving but also from the viewpoint of improving the health and comfort of people working in the building. Daylighting standards, such as EN 17037:2018, provides the target values to obtain sufficient daylight, and also prescribe the evaluation criteria for view and glare. We used a Meta_Simulation platform that combined Radiance and NewHASP to evaluate lighting and air conditioning energy of exterior and interior sun shading devices. We confirmed the behaviour of basic parameters by combining glare and view evaluations from Radiance and using the graphical algorithm editor Grasshopper to calculate air conditioning/lighting energy, glare index and view. By utilizing the plug-in software OCTOPUS, we evaluated air conditioning/lighting energy usage, glare, and view based on four variables of exterior and interior sun shading devices and the optimal solution for Tokyo (Hyakuri) was confirmed. For glare, the vertical illuminance of the viewpoint was not high in the building targeted by our simulation, and because no cases exceeded the allowable simplified DGP value of 0.35, the threshold was lowered to evaluate glare in the multi-objective optimization calculation. Under the European Standard, view is evaluated based upon the horizontal angle of the window, the distance to adjacent buildings, and the number of layers for sky, landscape, and ground that can be seen (European committee for standardization, 2019). We used a simple evaluation based upon the ratio of sky that could be seen from a sample point, however it is possible to incorporate the view metrics of the EN 17037:2018 into our new module using Radiance. We conducted a multi-objective optimization calculation for the annual fixed angle of vertical louvers and of blinds typically used in the sun shading devices. In the future, we plan to apply optimization calculations to complex sun shading devices such as slat cut-off angle controls for blinds, moveable or curved surfaces for exterior sun shading.

著者

高田 和規 遠藤 卓 立松 宏一 村田 さやか 廣田 誠一 北谷 幸恵 鈴木 大隆 羽山 広文

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.732, pp.165-173, 2017 (Released:2017-02-28)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the components of existing PVC windows in the country in providing thermal insulation, to identify the optimal conditions of the components and the insulation performance of windows with the components in the optimal conditions, and to conduct a performance test on samples under the practical specifications for production. We briefly summarize the results below. 1) For the frame, using a method of quality engineering, we examined the reduction in conductive heat flow across each cross-section for multiple regulatory elements, which would contribute to thermal insulation. We then derived the optimal condition (level) for each regulatory element and showed the reduction rate under the optimal condition (sash frame part 19%-21%, fix frame part 6%-10%, mullion frame part 22%). Furthermore, based on the SN ratio, we found that the reduction rate is highest with the following components: inner-frame insulator in the sash frame part and fix frame part, and physical properties of mullion reinforcement in the mullion frame part. 2) As for the glazing part, we examined the specifications of the Low-E film suspended air space of a insulated glass and observed the effect of a Low-E film, optimized the arrangement, and the optimal thickness of the air space for each gas fill. We also examined the thermal transmittance at the center of glass with xenon gas having 3 films (0.29 [W/(m2·K)]), and those at the center of glass with krypton gas having 2 films (0.39 [W/(m2·K)]). 3) We determined the thermal transmittance of the window (0.56 [W/(m2·K)]) with the combined optimal conditions for the frame and glazing parts. In actual manufacturing, however, there are two problems: a technical problem (of forming a metal film inside the frame cross-section and arranging phenolic foam insulator without leaving any space) and a high manufacturing cost (associated with filling xenon gas inside the insulated glass). We therefore examined the insulation performance of samples having practical specifications for production. As a result, we obtained a measured thermal transmittance of 0.63 [W/(m2·K)] in contrast to the calculated value of 0.65 [W/(m2·K)].