著者

河合 雅雄

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1-2, pp.1-3, 1985 (Released:2009-09-07)

被引用文献数

1 3

著者

橋本 千絵 古市 剛史

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.17-22, 2000 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 2

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We captured 26 males for marking with tattoo using a blowpipe dart containing anesthetic. Individuals shot with a blowpipe got temporarily disabled. When these individuals were released still being disabled, members of the same troop showed various attitudes toward them. Only young males of 5 to 9 years old received aggressive behaviors. Aggressors were also young males of 7 to 8 years old, and they showed both aggressive and affinitive behaviors against the disabled individuals. An adult male and adult females showed only affinitive behaviors, and they protected the disabled individuals from the attack by young males. Close and unstable dominance relationships might cause the aggressive interactions between young males.

著者

B. Thierry E. L. Bynum S. Baker M. F. Kinnaird S. Matsumura Y. Muroyama T. G. O'Brien O. Petit K. Watanabe

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.203-226, 2000 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

88

被引用文献数

24 70

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野生および飼育下の個体群から集められた資料にもとづいて,スラウェシマカクの社会行動のレパートリーのエソグラムを作成した。コミュニケーションのパターン,動きのパターン,性行動のパターン,幼児行動と遊び,三者間の社会交渉など社会的文脈で観察されている行動を記述した。これらの行動パターンのほとんどはスラウェシマカクの全種に見られた。ある種の行動パターンの形態や機能はほかのマカク種で報告されているものと著しく異なっていたが,その一方,別の行動パターンに見られた類似性は,マカク属内の系統的な類縁関係を反映している可能性があった。

著者

沢口 俊之 宮藤 浩子

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.48-58, 1987 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

84

被引用文献数

8 5

---

Sociobiology and Japanese primate sociology are discussed to develop theories on evolution of social structures and behaviors in primates. Central problems on applying sociobiology to the primate evolution may be concepts of phenotype and selection pressure. Phenotypes for primate social structures and behaviors would be correlated each others (multi-polar), and be hierarchically organized (multi-level). For the selection pressure, “active selection pressures”, such as species recognition and sociality, may be critical for the primate evolution. Since the “active selection pressure” has properties of phenotype, we insist “dualism” of the active selection pressure and phenotype could be a critical mechanism of the primate evolution. On the other hand, primate sociology, which has been leaded by Imanishi, is characterized by its idea of “holism”that individuals serve the prosperity of species. Although Imanishi's primate sociology has been pointed out to differ from sociobiology in several points, we consider that it can be fruitfully reconstructed in the framework of neo-Darwinism when the idea of “holism” is abundant. Further, Itani has shown basic social units as the phylogenetic constraint. Since the phenotypic dynamic theory of neo-Darwinism involves phylogenetic constraint, it could reveal evolution of primate social structures. Thus, Imanishi's primate sociology and Itani's theory could be reconstructed in the framework of neo-Darwinism. The reconstruction would be fruitful to develop theories on evolutionary mechanisms of social structures and behaviors in primates.

著者

西江 仁徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.73-90, 2008-12-20 (Released:2009-08-11)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

5 5

---

‘ The metaphor of transmission’ (cognition-transmission model), which is a root metaphor of contemporary primatology, was reconsidered and deconstructed by referring to other academic domains such as anthropology, communication study, psychology and cognitive science. Instead, I introduced another epistemological standpoint, action-practice model, based on the ‘ situated action’ approach, in order to expand the perspective of contemporary ‘ cultural primatology’ and to understand the relationship comprehensively between primate culture and sociality. From this standpoint, I analyzed social interactions along ant-fishing among wild chimpanzees at Mahale, Tanzania. Some situated characters of their social practice, such as attitude depending on others’ actions, moderate exploring proposition to others, and direct reaction to such propositions, were considered to be important to realize such social situation of ant-fishing as a cultural practice of chimpanzees.

著者

松本 卓也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1, (Released:2023-12-19)

参考文献数

87

---

In this paper, I discuss the relationship between social organization and offspring-rearing methods, which are starting to be used as a novel indicator in interspecies societal comparisons. Additionally, I clarify the relationship between the intimacy of the mother–offspring relationship and the development of foraging in the offspring. I suggest that the establishment of a base camp in human evolution is important not only to facilitate effective hunting and gathering but also for immature individuals to reduce the cost of accompanying adults and engage in their own foraging activities.I also attempt to deconstruct weaning from the offspring’s perspective, which often focuses on the mother’s decision to stop breastfeeding. Specifically, I focus on the development of the offspring’s ability to acquire food independently and the offspring’s behavior away from its mother. I suggest that there is no significant difference between humans and African apes in the timing when the offspring significantly reduces its dependence on breast milk. This paper also depicts “early weaning” as a characteristic of the unique life history of humans, in which the mother conceives a second offspring at the same time as or even before the offspring becomes much less dependent on the mother’s milk.

著者

本郷 峻 近藤 祉秋 澤藤 りかい 早川 卓志 山口 晴香

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.39.012, (Released:2023-08-31)

参考文献数

15

著者

岩本 光雄 渡辺 毅 浜田 穣

出版者

Primate Society of Japan

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.18-28, 1987 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

35 35

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A total of 406 observations on dental eruption was obtained from 343 Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) of known birthdays (Table 1).The order of the beginning of eruption was estimated as (M1, M1), (I1, I1), (I2, I2), (M2, M2), (PPPP), (C, , C'), (M3, M3) for male and (M1, M1), (I1, I1), (I2, I2), (M2, M2), (C, , P3, P3, C', P4, P4), (M3, M3) for female.Among 406 observations, 270 were used for statistics of the eruption age, because the remaining 136 which were obtained from monkeys of Shiga and Koshima show a fair degree of delay in the eruption age as a whole. The statistical results were shown in Tables 2 and 3, and a norm of the eruption age as a tentative interpretation was given in Table 4 with a footnote concerning the delay of eruption in monkeys of Shiga and Koshima. Interpretation of the delay in these monkeys is difficult, though the delay in monkeys of Koshima may be related to the general delay of their growth which has been caused by their isolation on a small islet.From the comparison of the present results and related reports on macaques (Table 5), it is apparent that among four species, M. fascicularis, M. mulatta, M. nemestrina and M. fuscata, the eruption is comparatively late in M. fuscata for most teeth, and it is generally earlier in female than male for every tooth except for M3 which erupts at similar age in both sexes or earlier in male than female especially in M. mulatta. Sexual difference in the eruption age of C, and possibly of P3, is relatively small in M. fascicularis and large in M. nemestrina. It seems that these interspecific differences are more or less related to those in body size and canine size.

著者

五百部 裕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.245-249, 1993 (Released:2009-09-07)

著者

竹中 修

出版者

Primate Society of Japan

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.21-24, 1986 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

5

著者

横田 明 峰澤 満 中村 伸 金井塚 務 後藤 俊二 馬場 駿吉

出版者

Primate Society of Japan

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.112-118, 1987 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

13 11

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Pollenosis is a IgE-mediated allergic disease which has the symptoms of snivel, sneezing, eye mucus, and/or tear resulting from mucous membrane inflammation of nostrils and/or eye. In Japan, Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollenosis is a typical one occurring in spring, and recently the number of its patients is remarkably increasing.We found the pollenosis in adult-female Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) inhabiting Miyajima Island under free-ranging conditions, who are derived from different female lineages one another. Their sera contained higher level of specific IgE antibody against Japanese cedar pollen than those of normal monkeys. The sera also induced a skin allergic reaction to the pollen upon Prausnitz-Kustner Test using normal healthy monkeys as a recipient. Thus, the current paper is the first report concerning naturally occurring pollenosis in wild non-human primates.

著者

高崎 浩幸

出版者

Primate Society of Japan

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.135-144, 1993 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

1

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Analysis of DNA polymorphisms was viewed as a new means of individual discrimination in studies of wild chimpanzees. DNA typing methodology was summarized for field primatologists, who often lack required knowledge of molecular biology, and expected impact of DNA typing on studies of wild chimpanzees was discussed. In particular, behavioral and social aspects were dealt with. A guide to noninvasive collection of samples in the field was appended.

著者

杉山 幸丸 渡邊 邦夫 栗田 博之 中道 正之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.29.011, (Released:2013-12-19)

参考文献数

120

被引用文献数

3 2

---

Primatology in Japan after the World War II began in the late 1940s with the observation of shy wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) from more than 100 m. Depending on artificial feeding students succeeded to observe macaques within a short distance and identified each individual. Individual identification of calm free-ranging macaques within a short distance made it possible to record individual and social behavior of each identified individual in detail; long-lasting kin-recognition between a mother and her offspring, dominance relations among individuals and kin-groups, and then, social organization. Artificial feeding is a form of semi-experimental manipulation introduced into the wild monkey groups. This paper showed how students contributed to the primate studies under such a condition at Koshima, Takasakiyama and Katsuyama. Some behaviors, particularly cultural ones, were found only in the artificially-fed groups. Some other exceptional or uncommon phenomena or behaviors seen in non-artificially-fed groups were recorded, with many episodes sufficient for statistical analysis at artificially-fed groups. As far as we are cautious that artificial feeding is semi-experimental manipulation on the wild monkey groups, we can find out more about the important nature of human and non-human primates and evolutionary relations of them.

著者

田村 典子

出版者

Primate Society of Japan

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.129-135, 1997 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

8 7

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Hoarding behaviour of Japanese squirrels (Sciurus lis Temminck) was studied using walnuts (Juglans airanthifolia Carr.) attached radio transmitters. A hundred of walnut seeds were provided on the feeding stands in the walnut forest from September to December of 1992. Squirrels immediately ate 35 walnuts near the feeding stand, and 60 of them were scatter-hoarded. The hoarding site tended to be upper part of the slope than the feeding stand. The distance from the feeding stand to hoarding sites ranged from 1-62m. Thirty-eight of hoarded walnuts were retrieved by squirrels later, but 15 were stolen by wood mice (Apodemus speciosus Temminck). Consequently, 7 of them were left at the hoarded site until May, 1993, when starting the germination. The scatter-hoarding by Japanese squirrels had an important role for seed dispersion of walnuts.

著者

Andrew James Jonathan MacIntosh

出版者

Primate Society of Japan

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.95-119, 2014-06-20 (Released:2014-08-02)

参考文献数

163

被引用文献数

11 13

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Drawing upon a large body of literature comprising various applications of fractal theory and complexity science in ecology and evolution, I illustrate that animal behavior can be characterized usefully by its fundamentally fractal nature in both time and space. I begin with an introduction to fractal geometry and then provide examples of how and why its analysis has been employed in biological/ecological studies. I examine the three main approaches used to model animal behavior through the fractal lens, and show how (i) the Lévy flight foraging hypothesis, (ii) spatial fractal dimension estimates and (iii) fractal time have each complemented more traditional investigations of animal behavior and provided unique insights into ecological processes. I then focus on illustrating how fractal analysis can be used as a sensitive indicator of behavioral or environmental 'quality'. I argue that complex behavior sequences both result from and are necessary to cope with environmental heterogeneity. This body of work supports the hypotheses that complexity is biologically adaptive and that complexity loss, i.e. greater periodicity or stereotypy, is not only indicative of altered or impaired condition but may in addition carry with it significant fitness consequences. Throughout this essay, I attempt to emphasize that by extending beyond our traditional disciplinary boundaries, behavioral ecologists stand to gain unprecedented insight into complex phenomena in the lives and activities of organisms all around us. It is my sincere hope that the ideas presented herein encourage future interdisciplinary research into the role of complexity in behavioral organization, and what that might mean for ecological processes.

著者

伴 和幸 江﨑 美貴子 川瀬 啓祐 冨澤 奏子 杉山 尚子 椎原 春一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.73-79, 2019 (Released:2020-02-14)

参考文献数

24

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Blood analysis is an important tool for health management. Our zoo succeeded in being the first in the world to train our mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), to allow venipuncture using only behavioral restraint. Two mandrills at Omuta City Zoo participated in this project, one male (A) and one female (B). We used PVC pipe to create a sleeve that could be attached to the enclosure and set a bar inside of it so that the mandrill would grip it underhanded, thus presenting the inner side of the arm. By partially blocking the top half of the inside of the sleeve, the mandrills were guided to use an underhand grip. This simplified the training, with less stress for both animals and keepers. The needle insertion was done into the cephalic vein. We used sweet potato as the unlearned reinforcer and a dog whistle as the learned reinforcer. The process was as follows: 1) excitatory conditioning, 2) gripping, 3) gripping underhanded, 4) avascularization, 5) epilation, 6) needle insertion. Training was held once a day for an average of 6-11 minutes. Number of sessions and cumulative time were 34 sessions/365 minutes for the A and 65 sessions/392 minutes for the B. The training has retained a high success rate (85% for the A, 79% for the B), allowing for regular blood sampling.

著者

三輪 美樹 鴻池 菜保 勝山 成美 中村 克樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.38.018, (Released:2022-10-27)

参考文献数

48

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Over the past two decades, a number of biomedical studies have been conducted in Japan using common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Common marmosets are highly promising experimental animals because of their high fertility, which is noteworthy among primates. Here, based on our breeding experience at Kyoto University, we have compiled a simplified manual that outlines how to breed and raise robust common marmosets, defined as those achieving over 350g in weight, in a captive environment. The manual covers selection of appropriate breeding individuals, effective pairing methods, perinatal management including birth control, feeding and housing management, and precautionary health status monitoring.

著者

大井 徹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.34.005, (Released:2018-06-27)

参考文献数

5

著者

落合 知美 綿貫 宏史朗 鵜殿 俊史 森村 成樹 平田 聡 友永 雅己 伊谷 原一 松沢 哲郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.31.001, (Released:2015-03-20)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The Great Ape Information Network has collated and archived information on captive chimpanzees within Japan since 2002. As of July 1st, 2014, a total of 323 chimpanzees were housed within 52 facilities across Japan, all registered in the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA) studbook. JAZA has recorded information on captive chimpanzees within Japan since the 1980s. However, for individuals unregistered and/or deceased prior to this period, JAZA holds scant information. There are very few surviving reports on living conditions and husbandry of such individuals, particularly for the years preceding the Second World War (WWII) (up to 1945). Here we present the first detailed history of captive chimpanzees in Japan before WWII, following a systematic investigation of disparate records. The first record of any live chimpanzee within Japan was a chimpanzee accompanying an Italian travelling circus in 1921. The history of resident captive chimpanzees in Japan began in 1927 when a chimpanzee, imported into Japan by a visitor, was exhibited in Osaka zoo. In the 1930s, many chimpanzee infants were imported to Japanese zoos until in 1941 imports were halted because of WWII. By the end of WWII, there was only one single chimpanzee still alive within Japan, “Bamboo”, housed in Nagoya. In 1951, importation of wild chimpanzees into Japan resumed. In total, we identified 28 individuals housed within Japan before 1945, none listed previously in the JAZA studbook. Of these 28 individuals: 6 entered Japan as pets and/or circus animals, 21 were imported to zoos, and one was stillborn in zoo. Of the 21 zoo-housed individuals, 7 died within one year and 9 of the remaining 14 were dead within 5 years of arriving in Japan. Four individuals are recorded to have lived 7-8 years. Only one male individual, the aforementioned “Bamboo”, lived notably longer, to about 14 years.

著者

杉山 幸丸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.41-55, 2020 (Released:2020-12-23)

参考文献数

135

被引用文献数

1 1

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Modern primatology began in 1952-3 through artificial feeding of Japanese macaques at Koshima and Takasakiyama. Artificial feeding allowed short-distance observation, individual recognition and long-term observation. These new methods applied to wild monkeys made possible new findings, such as life-time kinship bonds, social organization, cultural behaviors, etc., which changed anthropology, biology, psychology and also other social sciences.During the 1st stage of the studies led by K Imanishi and J Itani, researchers focused their efforts not on biology but on sociology. Itani declared that Japanese primate studies do not reflect natural science. On the other hand, some other researchers carried out ecological studies of monkeys and proceeded on to socioecology. Itani attributed the dominance relations among individuals to the social order or hierarchy, whereas other researchers did so to competition over resources to increase reproductive success.In 1956 and in 1962, respectively, the Japan Monkey Centre and the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute were established. JMC contributed as the first organization of primatology in Japan, and KUPRI added to a confluence of field and experimental primatology. DNA fingerprinting to analyze the relatedness of individuals accelerated the unification of field and laboratory studies.After 1970, agricultural damage caused by wild monkeys exploded due to deforestation and the presence of unguarded crops. Researchers had to work to prevent such monkey activity in the field. They were also forced to cull this endemic primate species. As a result, the field of primatology had to expand in cognitive science, physiology, brain science and genetics as well as conservation activity.