著者

小宮山 櫻子 中原 はるか 津田 幸子 吉村 恵理子 室伏 利久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.6, pp.493-500, 2013

被引用文献数

2

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The purposes of this study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics of patients suffering from migraine-associated vertigo (MAV) including results of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP). Thirty patients diagnosed as having MAV based on the diagnostic criteria by Sakata et al. were enrolled. We performed a retrospective chart review. These patients underwent medical history taking and examinations including cVEMP, oVEMP and a caloric test. All examinations were performed during a symptom-free interval. Twenty one patients (70%) experienced rotatory vertigo, 5 patients (17%) had floating dizziness and 4 patients (13%) had both. Twenty six patients (87%) reported tinnitus and/or aural fullness unilaterally or bilaterally. Their vertigo or dizziness lasted under 60 minutes in 10 patients (34%), 1 hour to 24 hours in 14 patients (46%), and over one day in 5 patients (17%). Canal paresis in the caloric test was observed in 5 patients (17%). Concerning cVEMP, 4 of the 30 patients (13%) showed absent cVEMPs bilaterally, 2 patients (7%) showed absent cVEMPs reflexes unilaterally, and one (3%) demonstrated decreased cVEMP amplitudes unilaterally. Only one patient showed prolonged cVEMP latencies. Concerning oVEMP, 6 of the 30 patients (20%) had absent oVEMP reflexes bilaterally, 2 (7%) had absent oVEMP reflexes unilaterally, and one (3%) had decreased oVEMP amplitudes unilaterally. In 2 patients prolonged oVEMP latencies were observed. No significant correlation was observed among cVEMP, oVEMP and the caloric test. This study showed abnormal vestibular reflexes could be shown by oVEMP as well as the caloric test and cVEMP. It was suggested that a portion of those patients with MAV have abnormal otolith-ocular reflexes.

著者

神崎 仁 浅野 恭子 田副 真美 國弘 幸伸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.93-104, 2001-04-01

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

19 6

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In collaboration with otologists and psychotherapists, psychotherapy was performed together with the administration of drugs for patients with Meniere's disease in whom medical treatment, surgical treatment, or intratympanic streptomycin therapy had been ineffective and for a patient with intractable tinnitus. We report in detail 7 patients for whom psychotherapy was effective for vertigo, stabilization of hearing fluctuation, or the acceptance of tinnitus.<BR>It is important to consider psychosomatic aspects in the treatment of patients with Meniere's disease, and it was possible to avoid unnecessary surgery in some Meniere's disease patients using a combination of psychotherapy with medication.

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.365-503, 2021-11-30 (Released:2021-12-01)

著者

増田 毅 鴫原 俊太郎 野村 泰之 齋藤 雄一郎 鴫原 じゅん子 肥田 和恵 辻 賢三 池田 稔

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.121-129, 2008 (Released:2008-05-29)

参考文献数

18

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Brainstem disorders are often characterized by abnormal eye movements, however, the type of abnormal movements vary depending on the localization and severity of the damage. Here, we report a case of pontine hemorrhage who exhibited horizontal conjugate gaze palsy and disorder of speech discrimination. The 34-year-old man presented with eye pain and dull feeling malaise?, disorder of speech articulation and torpor paralysis ?? of the left side of the body of sudden onset, that developed while he was driving a car. Clinical examination revealed horizontal conjugate gaze palsy, both rightward and leftward, while vertical gaze and convergence were normal. Although the pure-tone audiogram and DPOAE were within normal range, ABR showed prolongation of latency, and reduction of speech discrimination was recognized. MRI revealed evidence of hematoma and edema extending from the mid-dorsal aspect to the right side of the pons. Based on the findings, the patient was diagnosed to have pontine hemorrhage due to hypertension affecting the right facial nerve nucleus, right pyramidal tract, bilateral abducens nuclei, MLF, PPRF and the auditory neural pathway. Although the symptoms of pyramidal tract and auditory disorder resolved by day 19 when he was?? moved to another hospital, the other neurological symptoms were persistent.

著者

矢沢 代四郎 田中 寛 片岡 英幸 北西 剛 大脇 成広 佐伯 満男

出版者

Japan Society for Equilibrium Research

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.6, pp.496-504, 1995 (Released:2009-06-05)

参考文献数

11

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Two cases of horizontal eye movements disorders due to pontine lesions are reported and their clinical symptoms described. Case 1, a 52-year-old female, showed right lateral gaze paralysis together with right facial paralysis, vestibular dysfunction and scanning speech after surgery on an epidermoid cyst in the 4th ventricle. Case 2, a 56-year-old female, displayed right lateral gaze paralysis combined with right facial paralysis, vestibular dysfunction, right deafness and left hemiplegia following pontine hemorrhage. The right lateral gaze paralysis of both cases were analyzed and speculated to have resulted from combined disorders of the right abducens nucleus, the right PPRF (paramedian pontine reticular formation) and the right MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus) in the pontine tegmentum.

著者

伊東 宗治 渡辺 行雄 将積 日出夫 麻生 伸 浅井 正嗣 本島 ひとみ 水越 鉄理

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.10, pp.6-10, 1994

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We investigated the influence of a cold front (CF) on the onset of Meniere's disease (MD) and concluded that the onset of MD was influenced by the passing of a CF. But it was not clear whether patients with MD were stressed by the passing of a CF or the passing of a CF directly influenced the inner ears. Among the patients with MD who visited the Neuro-Otological clinic of the Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital from 1987 to 1992, 67 were sure of the date of the first attack and were chosen for the study. In 36 the first attack was on a day when a CF was passing or on the next day, so they were studied epidemiologically.<BR>1) Age: more of these 36 patients were over 40 years of age than in the group of 31 patients with no definite relationship between CF and MD.<BR>2) Hearing: in the 36 patients hearing was poorer than in the others.

著者

寺西 正明 曾根 三千彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.85-92, 2017-04-30 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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The characteristic symptoms of Meniere's disease are recurrent vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus, and the principal underlying pathology is endolymphatic hydrops (ELH). Imaging of endolymphatic hydrops is now possible by 3-Tesla MRI after intratympanic (IT) or intravenous injection (IV) of gadolinium (Gd). 3D-FLAIR and 3D-real IR are obtained in the case of IT injection of contrast, while heavily T2-weighted 3D-FLAIR and HYbriD of Reversed image Of Positive endolymph Signal and native image of positive perilymph signal (HYDROPS) are obtained in the case of IV injection of contrast, to visualize the endolymphatic space. Higher concentrations of the contrast agent can be introduced into the perilymph by IT injection than by IV injection. However, the IV method is preferable in the clinical setting, as the endolymphatic spaces of both ears can be evaluated after a single intravenous injection of Gd. ELH is observed more frequently in patients with definite Meniere's disease than in those with possible Meniere's disease. ELH is observed in both the cochlea and the vestibule in patients with atypical Meniere's disease. The vestibular Meniere's disease patients show significant vestibular predominance in the distribution of ELH. ELH is observed more frequently in patients with fluctuating tinnitus than in patients with stable tinnitus. Examination of ELH can be performed as part of preoperative evaluation prior to stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis; the presence of ELH is a risk factor for the development of severe vertigo after stapes surgery. Examination to detect vestibular ELH can be helpful in the differential diagnosis between vestibular migraine and vestibular Meniere's disease. MRI is a sensitive technique for detecting ELH and the relationships between ELH and clinical symptoms are expected to be widely investigated using this technique.

著者

岩沢 寛 加藤 功 岡田 智幸 上杉 恵介 竹山 勇

出版者

Japan Society for Equilibrium Research

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.366-371, 1987 (Released:2009-10-20)

参考文献数

26

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We report here a rare case of vertical nystagmus, dysarthria and broad-based gait due to after-effects of lithium intoxication.A 65-year-old man was admitted with dysarthria and gait disturbance. About 14 years ago, he had begun treatment with lithium carbonate for manic psychosis. Ten years ago, he developed dysarthria and a broad-based gait due to lithium intoxication.Neuro-otological examination demonstrated, downbeat nystagmus in the primary position, rebound nystagmus and direction changingopposing vertical positioning nystagmus.Failure of fixation-suppression of caloric nystagmus was noted in both sides. Eye-tracking test revealed saccadic eye movements, and slow phase OKN velocity was limited billaterally. The equilibrium disturbances observed in this patient's neurological and ENG findings might be attributed to pathological conditions of cerebellar vermis, flocculus and partly brainstem.He was treated with thyroid stimulating hormone (2mg/day) for 18 days.Thereafter, gradually he recovered from some of his neurological symptoms : dysarthria, gait disturbance, rebound nystagmus and direction changing opposing vertical positioning nystagmus.His vertical nystagmus, however, remained unchanged.

著者

松永 一博 中井 義明 桝谷 治彦 森口 誠 杉田 雅彦

出版者

Japan Society for Equilibrium Research

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.Suppl-8, pp.52-55, 1992 (Released:2009-06-05)

参考文献数

4

---

Guinea pigs with experimental endolymphatic hydrops were treated with glycerol, bifemelane hydrochloride or diphenidol hydrochloride and observed for morphological changes in the affected inner ear.1. Treatment with any of the three drugs im-proved inner ear circulation.2. The degree of reduction of endolymphatic hydrops tended to be associated with that of strial atrophy.These results suggest that reduction of endo-lymphatic hydrops depends on strial function.

著者

柿木 章伸

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.274-279, 2013-08-31 (Released:2013-10-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3 1

---

A histopathological feature of Meniere's disease is endolymphatic hydrops. Furthermore, a human temporal bone study has revealed that the endolymphatic sac showed fibrosis and/or hypoplasia in a patient with Meniere's disease. Based on this histological finding, malfunction of the endolymphatic sac may cause endolymphatic hydrops. However, it is impossible to explain the fluctuation of Meniere's symptoms with this retention hydrops, so the mechanisms underlying the endolymphatic hydrops of Meniere's diseases is still unclear. Clinically, it is well known that stress aggravates the condition of Meniere's disease. It seems to be that there are some relationships between stress and endolymphatic hydrops. Endolymphatic hydrops could be taken as malfunction of water homeostasis in the inner ear. If this is the case, one of stress hormones, vasopressin, could regulate water homeostasis in the inner ear. Actually, plasma vasopressin levels have been reported as elevated in patients with endolymphatic hydrops including Meniere's disease. Experimentally, vasopressin type 2 receptor was expressed in the basal cell of the stria vascularis. Moreover, the water channel of aquaporin (AQP) 2, the relocalization of which is regulated by vasopressin, was also expressed in the stria vascularis. Further, other AQPs were also expressed in the stria vascularis. To investigate the effect of vasopressin on the inner ear, vasopressin was administered to rats or guinea pigs. Vasopressin induced enlargement of the intrastrial space and endolymphatic hydrops. These results indicate that vasopressin affects the stria vascularis and endolymphatic hydrops was induced as a consequence. The following is a summary. Basically, patients with Meniere's disease have malfunction of the endolymphatic sac with retention hydrops. If the patients are under stress, the secretion of vasopressin would increase. The increase of vasopressin level causes the enlargement of the endolymphatic hydrops. These conditions may induce the symptom of Meniere's disease. Based on these clinical and experimental results, we produced a new animal model for Meniere's disease with vestibular disorder.

著者

近藤 真前 清水 謙祐 五島 史行 北原 糺 今井 貴夫 橋本 誠 下郡 博明 池園 哲郎 中山 明峰

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.6, pp.489-497, 2016-12-31 (Released:2017-02-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2 2

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Introduction: The vertigo symptom scale-short form (VSS-sf), which has three factors, the vestibular-balance symptom with long duration, the vestibular-balance symptom with short duration, and the autonomic symptom, was developed for measurement of the therapeutic effect in vestibular diseases. However, clinical use of the VSS-sf has not been reported in Japan, and there are very few analyses using scores of the factors or each item of the VSS-sf. The aims of this study is to report both clinical use of the VSS-sf in Japan and analyses using scores of the factors or each item of the VSS-sf. Methods: Participants included both adult inpatients and outpatients with either non-central dizziness/vertigo or vertebrobasilar insufficiency which occurred more than one month before, diagnosed by expert neuro-otologists. Participants completed three questionnaires: the VSS-sf, the dizziness handicap inventory, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). We conducted a multiple regression analysis with the scores of the three factors of the VSS-sf, to evaluate how much influence there was from vestibular and autonomic symptoms on any handicap due to dizziness. We analyzed the scores of each item of the VSS-sf to examine profiles of the symptoms in major vestibular diseases. Results: The results of 159 participants were analyzed. Standard partial regression coefficients of anxiety, depression, and the vestibular-balance symptom with long duration were significant, however, those of the vestibular-balance symptom with short duration and the autonomic symptom were not. Most frequent autonomic symptoms were headache, chill/flashes, and palpitation in Ménière's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular neuronitis, and psychogenic dizziness. Conclusion: The VSS-sf can be conducted without major problems in Japan, and may be useful for patients with vestibular diseases, not only to measure therapeutic effect but also to analyze the influence of, or relation between the vestibular-balance symptom/autonomic symptoms and other clinical variables.

著者

五島 史行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.3, pp.233-238, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-08-04)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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Patients with chronic dizziness often complain of headache; conversely, patients with headache complain of dizziness. Patients with migraine complain of dizziness more often than patients with tension-type headache. Diagnostic criteria for both Meniere disease and vestibular migraine have been reported recently. However, in some cases, it is difficult to clearly distinguish between Meniere's disease and vestibular migraine. In the patients complains symptom, which is described in the diagnostic criteria of Meniere disease and vestibular migraine at the same time may define as Patients complaining of symptoms described in both the diagnostic criteria for Meniere's disease and vestibular migraine may be defined as having vestibular migraine and Meniere's disease overlap syndrome. Here, I would like to describe the etiology of migraine and Meniere's disease. In Japan, migraine is reported to occur at a prevalence of 3.6% in men and 12.9% in women, while Meniere's disease is reported to occur at a prevalence of approximately 2-30 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants. In otorhinolaryngologic? outpatient practice, Meniere's disease and vestibular migraine are reported to account for about 8%-10% of patients. There are no objective tools yet to clearly diagnose either vestibular migraine or Meniere's disease. Recently, the habituation of middle latency response was reported as a potential objective evaluation tool for the diagnosis of vestibular migraine. Further study is required to identify objective tools for the diagnosis of vestibular migraine and Meniere's disease.

著者

髙倉 大匡

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.6, pp.552-556, 2015-12-31 (Released:2016-02-01)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

4 4

著者

小谷 恵美 鈴木 直人

出版者

Japan Society for Equilibrium Research

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.210-215, 2002 (Released:2009-06-05)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This study investigated the effect of information within visual fields on postural control. Thirty-six undergraduate and graduate students participated in the experiment. The body sway was measured while participants watched static visual stimuli presented in the central visual field, the peripheral visual field, and the full visual field. Squares that differed in sizes were used as stimuli to provide similar visual information in each visual field. The result showed that body sway was reduced when the stimulus was presented in the peripheral visual field relative to when it was presented in the central visual field. This result suggests that information of the peripheral visual field may play an important role in postural control.

著者

伊藤 健

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.263-268, 2008 (Released:2008-10-01)

参考文献数

5

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The patch clamp technique enables the analyses of various ion channel characteristics of individual cells in vitro. The most important difference from previous techniques is that the microelectrode (pipette) is firmly attached to the cell surface instead of being inserted into the cells, and the so-called "giga-ohm seal" is attained. Usually, the whole conductance of the cell membrane is measured under "whole cell" and "perforated patch" modes, whereas single channel recordings are also possible by employing relevant modes such as the "cell attached" mode. In the most frequently used "whole cell" mode, the intracellular potential (voltage clamp) or the whole cell current (current clamp) can be kept constant, since the leakage current is very small. Exemplary recordings are also shown from the author's experiments.

著者

関 雅彦 水足 邦雄 田所 慎 塩谷 彰浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.20-26, 2020-02-28 (Released:2020-04-02)

参考文献数

23

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Abstract: We herein report the rare case of a patient who developed cerebellar infarction due to vertebral artery dissection, initially suspected as a perilymph fistula, immediately after a bout of sneezing. A 61-year-old man developed spontaneous vertigo and tinnitus immediately after a bout of sneezing. Initially there were no obvious findings on head CT, and he was referred to our department as a probable case of peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Since left hearing loss and rightward nystagmus were observed, we initially made the diagnosis of perilymph fistula. However, a repeat CT revealed cerebellar infarction of the region supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery with vertebral artery dissection. This patient had complex mixed symptoms, including peripheral vestibular findings and central nervous system findings. We speculated that this patient might have had infarction of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery region, accompanied by decrease of the blood flow in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, which caused hearing loss.

著者

小林 毅 石井 正則 金田 健作 八代 利伸 森山 寛 須藤 正道 関口 千春 五十嵐 眞

出版者

Japan Society for Equilibrium Research

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.4, pp.507-515, 1994 (Released:2009-10-13)

参考文献数

10

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In an effort to determine the mechanism causing motion sickness, various studies have been conducted on the autonomic and central nervous systems. Recently, it was reported that the level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) rises when motion sickness appears, and the possible involvement of hormones in the manifestation of motion sickness has become a focus of attention.We induced motion sickness by Colioris stimulation in healthy adult volunteers, and examined hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal hormones and neuropeptides before and after stimulation and during the recovery process.In the high susceptibility group blood levels of ADH, ACTH, prolactin, cortisol, β-endorphin and MET-enkephalin and urinary levels of ADH immediately after stimulation were significantly higher than those in the low susceptibility group. These levels returned to normal after 30 minutes of rest. In the high susceptibility group the motion sickness score immediately after stimulation showed a significant correlations with the blood levels of ADH, ACTH and β-endorphin.These results indicate that ADH, ACTH, β-endorphin and MET-enkephalin are involved in the nausea and vomiting of motion sickness. Moreover, it seems that the mechanism and effects of these hormones may differ from each other. Since the urinary level of ADH is very closely correlated with its blood level, the use of urinary ADH testing is advocated as a simple method with no discomfort.

著者

奥住 秀之 國分 充 平田 正吾 田中 敦士 葉石 光一 北島 善夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.62-67, 2009 (Released:2009-06-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 2

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This study was conducted to investigate the factors of one foot balancing and beam-walking in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). There were 181 subjects with ID (male, 126; female, 55; 14 persons with autism; 22 with Down's Syndrome (DS)). One foot balancing was measured with eyes open and with eyes closed. In the beam-walking test, the subjects were asked to walk on five types of beam 3 meters in length. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the results. The dependent variables were the one foot balancing score (sec) with eyes open and with eyes closed and the beam-walking score (from 0 to 5), and the independents were sex, age, height (cm), weight (kg), IQ, presence/absence of autism, and presence/absence of DS. The results were as follows: (1) The one foot balancing with eyes open only related to IQ. Persons with a higher IQ showed a higher score in all the three balance tests than those with a lower IQ. The one foot balancing with eyes closed correlated with IQ and presence/absence of autism. Autistic subjects stood longer than persons with other IDs. The beam walking correlated with IQ, presence/absence of autism, and presence/absence of DS. Autistic subjects attained a higher score than subjects with other IDs, and DS subjects had lower scores. These characteristics of balance in subjects with ID are discussed in terms of executive function, motor dysfunction, and compensatory strategies.

著者

鈴本 典子 五島 史行 齋藤 弘亮 金田 将治 関根 基樹 大上 研二 飯田 政弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.6, pp.541-548, 2020

被引用文献数

1

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<p> Dizziness can arise from diverse causes. According to reports, 20%-80% of patients presenting with vertigo have psychogenic vertigo. Diagnosis of psychogenic vertigo is not always easy. Until date, there is no objective examination tool for the diagnosis of psychogenic vertigo. Therefore, it is important for physicians to evaluate patients presenting with vertigo both physically and psychologically in order to make a definitive diagnosis of psychogenic vertigo. Posturography is the conventional method for evaluating the postural perturbation in patients with vertigo or dizziness, and there are many ways of analyzing the results of posturography. One such method is with the use of the "gravichart," and a characteristic finding in patients with psychogenic vertigo is a teardrop-shaped "gravichart." However, the detailed characteristics of patients showing the teardrop-type "gravichart" are still unknown. In this study, we attempted to identify the clinical importance of the teardrop-shaped "gravichart" in patients with psychogenic vertigo. While many patients with a teardrop-shaped "gravichart" are diagnosed as having psychogenic vertigo, not all patients with psychogenic vertigo show a teardrop-shaped "gravichart". Thus, while a teardrop-shaped "gravichart" may be useful for the diagnosis of psychogenic vertigo, it is necessary to clarify what types of patients with psychogenic vertigo show a teardrop-shaped "gravichart" in a future study.</p>

著者

飯島 淳彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.194-199, 2012 (Released:2012-08-01)

参考文献数

10

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Audio-visual technological innovation has drastically changed our visual environments. Our visual system receives an overload of visual information in our daily lives. Visual stimuli, especially unsteady video images taken with shaking hands can induce motion sickness and cause nausea and headache as autonomic dysfunctions. We analyzed autonomic functions such as pupillary responses, heart rate, and blood pressure during movie presentations. Sympathetic hyperactivity was observed in the affected subjects. Pupillary responses signify autonomic activities clearly with non-invasive methods. We applied pupillometry for evaluation of stressed subjects and diagnosis of neurological diseases. We observed parasympathetic nervous dysfunction in those subjects. Evaluations of the relationship between visual and autonomic functions could be a potential marker for understanding the visual-autonomic systems.