著者

北垣 邦彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.12, pp.1309-1314, 2013 (Released:2013-12-01)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

2 1

---

World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that recognition of the responsibility of individuals for their own health and awareness that professional care for minor ailments is often unnecessary were important points of view for “Self-Medication” in “Guidelines for the Regulatory Assessment of Medicinal Products for Use in Self-Medication” published in 2000. In Japan, educational curriculum in each school is formulated by “the Courses of Study”. Education for health at junior and senior high school is mainly carried out in “Health and Physical Education” class. The objectives are to enable students to develop qualities and abilities to appropriately manage and improve their health throughout their lives through understanding of health and safety in personal and social life. This idea is common with self-medication at a basic concept level. The previous Courses of Study were revised in 2008 and 2009. They described about medicine for senior but not junior high school. The interim report of “The Central Council for Education” in 2005 pointed out that understanding about effects/side effects by medicines, and abilities to use them appropriately are one of minimal qualities that all children must acquire. Due to revision of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in 2006, the necessity of endeavoring to widespread knowledge and enlighten about proper use of medicines in school education was considered. Since the new Courses of Study in the junior high school shows content that medicines should be used properly, it is thought that educational frame of medicines for children is going into new era in Japan.

著者

栗原 藤三郎 菊地 正雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.11, pp.1283-1285, 1975-11-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

3 22

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A new isoflavone glycoside, kakkalide, was isolated from the methanol extract of fresh flower of Pueraria thunbergiana BENTH., and its chemical structure was determined as irisolidone-7-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside

著者

新甫 勇次郎 山崎 律 中島 嘉次郎 伊東 宏 竹下 尚 金城 順英 野原 稔弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.8, pp.604-611, 1990-08-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

8 19

---

The present study was designed to examine the effects of methanolic extract (PE-ME), isoflavonoid fraction (PF-IF), triterpenoid saponin fraction (PF-SP) and N-acyl-N1-glucosyl-tryptophan (PF-P) isolated from puerariae flos on alcohol-induced unusual metabolism (as for glucose (BG), triglyceride (TG), and urea nitrogen (BUN) level in blood) and experimental liver injury (model : CCl4-and high fatty food induced) in mice. These alcohol-induced increasing responses were inhibited by the extracted and refined substances from puerariae flos. In short, PF-ME (4500 mg/kg) and PF-P (400 mg/kg) inhibited an increase in BG level induced by alcohol, whereas PF-IF (1000 mg/kg) and PF-SP (1000 mg/kg) did not. Similary, PF-ME and PF-SP inhibited an increase in TG induced by alcohol, whereas PF-IF did not. In addition, PF-IF and PF-SP inhibited increasing BUN level. Still more, PF-IF and PF-SP significantly inhibited an increase in gulutamate oxalacetate transaminase or gulutamate pyruvate transaminase level induced by high-fatty food and CCl4 in control animals. Especially PF-IF (250 mg/kg) administration showed a remarkable effect (inhibition : 76.3%) in control animals. These results suggested that puerariae flos or its combination drugs may be a useful drug as a traditional medicinal system for counteraction to drinking.

著者

新甫 勇次郎 山崎 律 中島 嘉次郎 伊東 宏 竹下 尚 金城 順英 野原 稔弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.109, no.6, pp.424-431, 1989-06-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

7 31

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In the general rule, Puerariae Flos or it's combination drugs are used in traditional medicinal system for counteraction to drinking among Japanese and Chinese therapy. One of such drugs is Kakkakaiseito. Here we report the results of investigation on some pharmacological actions including alcoholic metabolism. The experiments were carried out to confirm its actual effect on alcohol, acetaldehyde and ketone body metabolism in the blood and the alteration of behaviour pattern of mice. Drugs used in this study were methanolic extract (PF-ME), isoflavonoid fraction (PF-IF) and triterpenoid saponin fraction (PF-SP) isolated from Puerariae Flos. Each drug was orally administrated to mice. These results were shown as follows : the concentrations of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde decreased more after the treatment with PF-IF (800 mg/kg) than those of the control group. This fact was evidenced remarkable effects with area under the blood concentration-time curve, mean residence time, and variance residence time and values on the moment analysis. However, a reduction effect was not recognized by the treatment with PF-SP (1000 mg/kg). Moreover, PF-ME and PF-IF suppressed the increment of spontaneous movement induced by alcohol administration, whereas PF-SP did not prevent the decrease in the increment caused by alcohol administration. These results support the basis that Puerariae Flos or its combination drugs is used in a traditional medicinal system for counteraction to drinking. However, further investigation is necessary.

著者

山口 巧 堀尾 郁夫 青木 亮太 山下 登 田中 守 出石 文男 宮内 芳郎 荒木 博陽

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.11, pp.1249-1259, 2013 (Released:2013-11-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 7

---

In 2009, the Japan Anti-Doping Agency (JADA) established Sports Pharmacist—a system for certified pharmacists. There are many over-the-counter drugs that contain prohibited substances in Japan, and they are easily available. In Japan, most doping violations are committed when athletes unintentionally take prohibited substances. Therefore, the Sports Pharmacist has a vital role in promoting the prevention of doping. In the present study, surveys involving a total of 350 athletes, (including 260 representatives of Ehime Prefecture in the National Athletic Meets and 90 college students who participated in the intercollegiate athletics Shikoku area meets), on awareness regarding doping and medical drugs were conducted. Using correspondence and logistic regression analyses, the results were examined to develop a model for the prediction of athletes' actions to cope with sickness based on changes in their awareness of anti-doping, and the relationship between them was also analyzed. The survey results suggested that attitudes towards doping were strongly influenced by gender, rather than the athletic ability and whether or not a doping test is scheduled. Their behavior and criteria for the selection of drugs to address sickness were strongly correlated with awareness of anti-doping. Therefore, athletes with an increased awareness of anti-doping are expected to consult a pharmacist prior to using medicine. The Sports Pharmacist should further promote environmental development, such as activities to improve awareness of doping among young athletes and the establishment of medical drug consultation services for athletes (female athletes in particular).

著者

森本 泰子 原田 慎一 中本 賀寿夫 徳山 尚吾

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.11, pp.1243-1248, 2013 (Released:2013-11-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The usefulness as one of the tools for self-medication of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), recommended as a safe and effective therapy for mild to moderate dehydration, was surveyed by questionnaire for pharmacists in community pharmacies. ORT products were sold in 112 pharmacies (61%), and the common product was OS-1®. Approximately 50% of sellers answered that they had no particular difficulty in explaining ORT. Percentage to answer “hard to describe” is significantly higher in pharmacists who believe there is a need to consider underlying health conditions of customers or patients when implementing ORT. Around 77% of pharmacists considered ORT to be useful in patients as a method of self-medication. A significant number of pharmacists selling ORT products depends on the consultation from customers or patients and provide advice to them confirming that ORT was useful. From these results, it was suggested that further information concerning ORT, such as its use in patients with chronic disorders or signs for completion, and the initiative of pharmacists to participate are necessary for spread the efficacy of ORT for self-medication in patients.

著者

芝口 浩智 山本 知佳 黒木 政秀 二神 幸次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.7, pp.977-982, 2010 (Released:2010-07-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 4

---

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains the most important pathogen following solid organ transplantation and is the major cause of recipient morbidity and mortality during the first 6 months posttransplantation. To prevent CMV infection and/or to prevent symptomatic CMV disease, immunoglobulin (Ig) G including hyperimmune CMV IgG are used alone or in combination with antiviral medications. The CMV IgG titer, however, has a wide range and frequently depends on the company supplying the Ig preparation even if the preparations come from the plasma pool of a national blood donation agency. In the present study, we therefore simultaneously measured and evaluated the CMV IgG titers in various Ig preparations using two common methods: the neutralizing antibody (NT) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The CMV IgG titer in the present study indicated different values using both methods among Ig preparations that were made from the plasma pool of a national blood donation agency (about 3.5- or about 1.7-fold difference using the NT or EIA methods, respectively). Furthermore, there were no correlations in the CMV IgG titer between our findings and published data from the manufacturers, or between the two methods tested here. These findings suggest the importance and necessity of a standard method and/or sample for the measurement and assessment of CMV IgG in Ig preparations.

著者

鈴木 久美子 采 輝昭 山崎 幹夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.3, pp.221-225, 1988-03-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 7

---

A fraction causing diarrhea to mice with a hemolytic activity was previously isolated from the aqueous extract of a poisonous mushroom Rhodophyllus rhodopolius. In order to clarify the relationship between the enterotoxicity and hemolytic activity, the hemolysin was purified. The hemolysin which was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography, caused diarrhea and intestinal hemorrhage to suckling mice. The molecular weight of the hemolysin was estimated to be about 40000 by SDS-slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration. The hemolytic activity of the hemolysin was observed to be relatively heat-stable in the crude extract and dependent on the temperature and concentration of erythrocytes.

著者

鎌田 春彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.9, pp.925-930, 2013 (Released:2013-09-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Biopharmaceuticals represent new generation drugs that are more effective than conventional low molecular weight medicines for the treatment of cancer and other refractory diseases. In order to develop biopharmaceuticals it is critically important to explore suitable target molecules both for the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, the choice of effective biomarker or drug target is often the most difficult part of the drug development process. Target discovery typically involves ‘omics’ techniques such as genomics, gene chip analysis and proteomics. Of these, proteomics is particularly important because proteins often comprise the final biomarker or drug target in the clinical sample (e.g., tissue or blood). Comprehensive proteomic analysis involves the identification of target proteins with different levels of expression between two states and is extremely useful at selecting promising candidates. Technology is then applied to further narrow down the list of relevant proteins. Here, I would like to introduce our novel procedure, termed “antibody proteomics technology”, which can generate monoclonal antibody from a minute amount (i.e., nanogram level) of protein. Antibody proteomics technology can be used to easily identify suitable target molecules in order to develop effective biomarkers and drug targets.

著者

Shuichi Masuda Shoko Uchida Yumeko Terashima Hiroko Kuramoto Mika Serizawa Yuya Deguchi Kazuhiro Yanai Chitose Sugiyama Itaro Oguni Naohide Kinae

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

Journal of Health Science (ISSN:13449702)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.211-220, 2006 (Released:2006-06-01)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

7 16

---

The effects of repeatedly brewed green tea infusion on the formation of nitrosamine in vitro and in vivo, and on cancer mortality were examined. The first and second brews of green tea infusion inhibited the formation of nitrosomorpholine in the presence of morpholine and nitrite (nitrosation of morpholine), but the third to eighth brews accelerated it. The green tea infusion brewed from 5 g of leaves in 200 ml hot water (strong tea infusion) inhibited the nitrosation of morpholine, but that brewed from 2.5 g or less (weak tea infusion) promoted the nitrosation. The brewed green tea infusion that inhibited nitrosation of morpholine contained catechins at a high concentration, and that that promoted nitrosation contained catechins at a low concentration. The effects of green tea administered to Wistar male rats and that consumed by humans on the formation of nitrosamines were also examined. In both rats and humans, nitrosamine formation was inhibited by strong green tea extract but was increased by weak green tea extract. The concentration of catechins in the green tea infusion brewed by the general households in tea-producing areas was significantly higher than that brewed in non-producing areas. We examined the relationship between the concentration of catechins in green tea infusion brewed in different areas and the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of cancer in respective areas, and found that the catechin concentration in green tea infusion correlated inversely and significantly with the SMR of cancer in that area. We concluded that strong green tea might inhibit the formation of nitrosamines and decrease the risk of carcinogenesis.

著者

武田 多一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.4, pp.589-591, 2010 (Released:2010-04-01)

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Emergency medicine is an interdisciplinary area that covers medical care in an emergency room, trauma center and intensive care unit. It also provides prehospital emergency medical service and disaster medicine. Pharmacists are expected to play major roles as a member of the emergency medical team. The roles of pharmacist include inventory management, formulary management, administration guidance, medication delivery, identification of a tablet, analysis of intoxicating substance, and therapeutic drug monitoring. During disaster response, accompanying disaster relief team to provide supervision for stock and prescription of medications could also be an important mission of a pharmacist. As a member of the emergency medical team, knowledge and skills for effective communication is essential to discuss patients' condition and therapeutic strategy with other healthcare providers. Basic life support and first-aid ability are mandatory to all the medical professionals who take care of patients. Safety and security management at the emergency or disaster scene is another important requirement. We hope more pharmacists will join the emergency and disaster medicine and contribute to extend a hand to the sufferers.

著者

佐野 知子 原田 雅史 菅原 隆光 伊坂 直紀 増岡 昭生 三上 昭廣 島森 美光 黒澤 菜穂子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.8, pp.897-903, 2013 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

5 6

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As hospitalized patients in psychiatry departments are often prescribed multiple psychotropics depending on their psychiatric symptoms, psychotropics are considered as important factors potentially associated with a high risk of falls. In this study, we attempted to investigate, from the aspect of drug prescription, to what degree the number and doses of psychotropics must be adjusted in order to reduce risk of falls in hospitalized psychiatric patients. The subjects were 526 patients, consisting of a fall group of 313 patients, who had experienced 1 to 5 falls (510 events) and a control group of 213 patients who had never experienced falls. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the correlations between the occurrence of falls and the number and doses of psychotropics. The results showed that the risk of falls increased with increasing number of antipsychotics and anxiolytics/hypnotics prescribed, with the risk increasing, by 3.75-fold with the increase in the dose of chlorpromazine (CP)-equivalents to more than 600 mg, by 2.08-fold when the dose of diazepam (DAP)-equivalents to more than 15 mg, and by 7.80-fold with increase in CP-equivalents to more than 600 mg concomitantly with an increase in DAP-equivalents to more than 15 mg. In addition, a tendency towards increase in the frequency of falls was observed when more than 5 psychotropics were prescribed concomitantly. The above results suggested that the risk of falls may be reduced by appropriately adjusting the number of drugs and the doses of psychotropics used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

著者

福原 茂朋 望月 直樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.11, pp.1413-1420, 2010 (Released:2010-11-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3 3

---

Endothelial cells lining blood vessels are in tight contact with each other, thereby maintaining vascular integrity. Compromising vascular integrity leads to an increase in vascular permeability, which is associated with chronic inflammation, edema, and tumor angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an endothelium-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule involved in endothelial barrier functions. We previously reported that cyclic AMP-elevating agonists such as prostaglandins and adrenomedullin potentiate VE-cadherin-dependent cell adhesion by inducing activation of Rap1 small GTPase through Epac. We further investigated the mechanism whereby Rap1 potentiates VE-cadherin-dependent cell adhesion, and found that Rap1 induces the formation of circumferential actin bundles along the cell-cell junctions. Although it has been believed that α-/β-catenins anchor cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton to stabilize cadherin at cell-cell junctions (classical model), Nelson's and Weis' groups have recently suggested a new dynamic model in which α-/β-catenins do not stably connect actin to cadherin. However, our study clearly indicated that the circumferential actin bundles anchor VE-cadherin to the cell-cell junctions through α-/β-catenins. Thus Rap1 potentiates endothelial cell-cell junctions through the mechanism based on the static model.

著者

桜井 光一 三浦 俊明 小木曾 健人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.11, pp.1034-1039, 1986-11-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4

---

Protective effects of several hydroxyl radical (HO·) scavengers and superoxide dismutase on alloxan-induced diabetes were studied in vivo. Thiourea, methylthiourea, dimethylthiourea and ethanol, HO· scavengers (type 1), which easily cross cellular membranes, protected initial- and permanent-hyperglycemia. In contrast, mannitol and sorbitol (type 2), which can not cross cellular membranes, protected initial-hyperglycemia, but did not protect permanent-hyperglycemia. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase which is not expected to be incorporated into pancreatic β-cell, strongly protected initial-hyperglycemia but partially protected permanent-hyperglycemia. These results suggest that HO·primarily damages the β-cell membranes by acting at or neat a site involved in insulin release, and subsequently damages the intracellular components. From these results, the possible protective mechanism of these scavengers was discussed.

著者

秦 季之 堀井 梢 松島 裕貴 廣瀬 順造 小野 行雄 佐藤 英治 吉富 博則

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.6, pp.691-701, 2013 (Released:2013-06-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3 7

---

The text mining and full-text searching function were used to analyze the digitalized daily reports of the practical training in pharmacology submitted to the web system in Fukuyama University. Collocations connected to the word “inspection” were searched in the daily reports using the text mining and the full-text search functions of the system. Many collocation groups connected to “inspection” were found in the daily reports and the greatest number of collocations was associated with “preparation of drugs”. Practical training in narcotic dispensing has two different aspects: inspection and experience training. The number of people who reported a relation between “inspection” and “narcotics dispensing” in the daily reports was very similar to those who reported a connection between “experience” and “narcotics”. Practical training to handle narcotic dispensing is the most fundamental training that the pharmacist must undertake. The progression of team-based medical care has caused medical personnel to recognize the practical training in pharmacology, and the number of the people who reported a relation between “inspection” and “team medical care” in 2011 increased in comparison to 2010. Moreover, the progression of cooperation among hospitals, pharmacies, and local blanches of the Japan Pharmaceutical Association is beneficial to practical training. Practical training in pharmacology is based on the core curriculum, but undergoes periodic modification due to societal circumstances. Therefore, these results suggest that the construction of web system for submitting daily reports is useful for analyzing the daily reports.

著者

奥山 治美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.9, pp.790-794, 2001

参考文献数

11

著者

西田 正行 渡辺 良三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.279-281, 1978

著者

緒方 潤 花尻(木倉) 瑠理 吉松 嘉代 木内 文之 合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.11, pp.1707-1711, 2008-11-01 (Released:2008-11-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4 10

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Cannabis plants show a high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content and are used as a psychoactive drug. Therefore the cultivation of hemp and its possession are prohibited by law in Japan. Meanwhile, Cannabis seeds have been used as a component of shichimi-togarashi (a Japanese spice), bird feed, or a crude drug (mashinin). To exclude the possibility of germination, it is officially noticed that hemp seeds must be killed. However, the number of violators has increased in recent years. To judge the ability of seed germination, a germination test is performed. However, the test requires several days and thus has not been used for on-site inspection. In this study, we developed a rapid detection method to determine the ability of Cannabis seeds to germinate using 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC). The principle of the assay is as follows. The endogenous respiratory enzymes in hemp seeds convert added colorless TTC into red 1,3,5-triphenylformazan. Consequently, a living embryo is stained red, while red does not appear in the dead seeds. The reaction was active over a pH range of 8.0-9.0, and the optimum activity was found from 40 to 50°C. Under the optimum conditions, we were able to determine the ability of seeds to germinate based on the presence of color within 20 min. Since this method is rapid and simple, it is applicable to on-site inspections. In addition, it could be used as an alternative technique to the germination test, because erroneous decisions is cannot occur under the assay principle.

著者

清水 るみ子 坂本 曜子 西澤 知子 井口 伸 山岡 由美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.9, pp.1461-1471, 2007 (Released:2007-09-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 2 4

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Various nutritional supplements have become available in recent years. However, health problems resulting from the misuse of these supplements are on the rise, and have been attributed to a lack of knowledge among consumers. In addition, a survey of university students revealed that approximately 20% of students erroneously considered nutritionally balanced supplements as substitutes for meals. Given this background, we conducted a questionnaire survey of first- and fourth-year students at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kobe Gakuin University with the objective of elucidating factors such as the awareness of supplements among pharmacy students and whether these students had a superior understanding of supplements compared to the general student population. Awareness of supplements among students was determined in terms of the degrees of emphasis on meals and supplements in nutritional intake. The proportion of students who essentially believed that “nutritionally balanced supplements can be used as substitutes for meals” did not significantly differ between pharmacy students and the general student population. In addition, only 30% of students had an accurate understanding of supplements. Following graduation, pharmacy students may become pharmacists and thus be responsible for providing directions regarding usage of supplements. These findings suggest that in order to nurture professional pharmacists, it is necessary to first implement practical nutrition education and consumer education to promote healthier dietary habits among the students themselves.

著者

志賀 英明 山本 純平 三輪 高喜

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, no.11, pp.1263-1266, 2012 (Released:2012-11-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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Nasal administration of macromolecular drugs (peptides, nanoparticles) has a possibility to enable a drug delivery system beyond the blood brain barrier via olfactory nerve transport. Basic research on nasal drug delivery to the brain has been well studied. However, evaluation of the olfactory nerve transport function in patients with olfactory disorders has yet to be done, although such an evaluation is important in selecting candidates for clinical trials. Current olfactory function tests are useful for the analysis of olfactory thresholds in olfaction-impaired patients. However, the usefulness of using the increase in olfactory thresholds in patients as an index for evaluating olfactory nerve damage has not been confirmed because of the difficulty in directly evaluating the viability of the peripheral olfactory nerves. Nasally administered thallium-201 migrates to the olfactory bulb, as has been shown in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, transection of olfactory nerve fibers in mice significantly decreases migration of nasally administered thallium-201 to the olfactory bulb. The migration of thallium-201 to the olfactory bulb is reduced in patients with impaired olfaction due to head trauma, upper respiratory tract infections, and chronic rhinosinusitis, relative to the values in healthy volunteers. Nasally administrating thallium-201 followed by single photon emission computed tomography, X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging might be useful in choosing candidates for clinical trials of nasal drug delivery methods to the brain.