著者

安武 敦子 大月 敏雄 深見 かほり

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.736, pp.1467-1474, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

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The present study focuses on “Nagayamon” gates, one format of constituent buildings in a rural estate, with the aim of clarifying their origins and inheritance processes to date. Nagayamon gates remain in large numbers in rural parts of the Kanto region, but the gates, as items of cultural property, have been regarded as appendages to main houses, and therefore, no statistical data and few records are available on them. Our study shows that Nagayamon gates in rural areas first emerged in the first half of the 18th century, with village heads and other well-off farmers building them under the reign of feudal lords. The abundance of Nagayamon gates in central Ibaraki Prefecture can be attributed to factors of the ruling structure, whereby frequent relocations of lords toward the end of the feudal age split up their domains and increased the number of “aikyu” villages that were divided between different lords. Our case study shows about 40 percent of Nagayamon gates were built during the feudal age, with many of them located in aikyu and other villages where more than one ruler reigned, as well as in smaller feudal domains. Historical documents and oral tradition indicate that rulers used Nagayamon as a means of domain administration, such as by issuing Nagayamon construction permits in exchange for cash or labor, and by allowing farmers with reserves to build Nagayamon at times of famine in exchange for their release of grain from their reserves. More than half of all Nagayamon gates were built in the Meiji Era or later. They adopted a symbolic quality that had originated in the Edo Period, and they were popular among well-off and non-collateral families, or families of about the same social standing as those that had built Nagayamon during the Edo Period. The fact that they were introduced as symbolic objects is demonstrated by the less practical choice of their distances from the main house, orientations, building materials and other attributes than in a reference village on an island; their layouts that take account of the street-facing side of the estate; and the different wall finishes used on the front and back faces. Use of Nagayamon has been centered on accommodating retired members of the family well into the postwar period, but it has also complemented community demands by drawing on their spatial separation from the main houses, such as by allowing third parties to occupy them or providing venues for public activity. But disuse rose sharply and has hovered around 40 percent since around 1980, with their owners leaving the farming business, their children moving out, and new houses being built to accommodate retired family members. Conversion of functions to use Nagayamon gates as galleries, shops or other establishments by drawing on their characteristic locations has so far been rare. While new Nagayamon gates have seldom been built in recent years, existing ones have been renewed or maintained by total replacement, partial rebuilding or repairs. Interviews with their owners indicated they are highly motivated to pass on the items of heritage. Despite changes in roof materials and extensions, Nagayamon gates still observe a certain format, so they are recognized as a constituent element of community landscape, and their continued inheritance is desired by third parties as well.

著者

本多 英里 伊香賀 俊治 大平 昇 岡島 慶治 海塩 渉

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.724, pp.523-533, 2016 (Released:2016-06-30)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

3 6

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Decline in the quality of sleep increases the morbidity and risk of lifestyle diseases. In addition, daytime sleepiness causes traffic accidents and decreased work efficiency. According to a survey conducted by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 20% of people experience sleep problems, and decline in sleep quality in particular is serious. One factor that has been linked to decline in sleep quality is high heat and humidity in summer. Against this background, some studies have examined the effects of thermal environment control on sleep. Appropriate use of air conditioning has been shown to improve sleep quality; however, maintaining a good indoor thermal environment using air conditioning increases energy consumption. Given the present state of climate change, the reduction of energy consumption in the Japanese residential sector is a pressing issue. However, an excessive reduction in air conditioning use for the purpose of saving energy could create a poor sleep environment. The effects of thermal environment control using air conditioning on sleep quality and energy consumption have been independently investigated in several previous studies. In this research, we elucidate the impact of thermal environment control on both sleep and energy consumption during the summer. The effect of thermal environment control on sleep and energy saving was unified as a monetary value. Increase in energy consumption can be estimated as an increase in air conditioning costs. Conversely, because reduced sleep efficiency translates to reduced working efficiency, improved sleep efficiency was converted into monetary value as a reduction in wages. Eight healthy male university students participated in this study. The study was performed in a two-story maisonette room in an apartment building with high environmental performance. Experiments were conducted in August 2013 and 2014. In the 2013 experiments, we examined the effect of thermal environment control on sleep and energy consumption. Three thermal environmental control scenarios were used: an air conditioner set at continuous operation at 26.0 °C (Case I); an air conditioner set at continuous operation at 28.0 °C (Case II); and natural draft only (Case III). The increase in air conditioner temperature setting from 26.0 to 28.0 °C used in this study resulted in a 0.03 kWh/day/m2 reduction in 8-h energy consumption (Fig. 6). Sleep efficiency was significantly higher for Case II (average SET* during sleep, 27.4 °C) (Fig. 8). Low SET* caused by excessive air conditioner use and high SET* caused by not using an air conditioner adversely affected sleep efficiency. The relationship between sleep efficiency and work efficiency was verified in the experiments conducted in August 2014, confirming that the economic impact of decreased sleep efficiency could be converted to a monetary value. Working efficiency decreased by 1.1% per 1% decrease in sleep efficiency (p<0.01) (Fig. 13). The combined economic impact of energy saving and sleep quality was calculated. The economic impact of improved sleep quality was much greater than that of energy saving, and the economic value of Case II (average SET* during sleep, 27.4 °C) was the highest (Fig. 14). This study found that sleep quality influences work efficiency, demonstrating the importance of improving sleep. To create a comfortable sleeping environment, further verification of thermal environment control in more detail is necessary.

著者

原田 陽子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.669, pp.2117-2126, 2011-11-30 (Released:2012-02-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

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This study clarifies the characteristics of alley units and owner improvements of row houses with road contact failure in the Osaka Karahori area. The following are major findings.1) The alley units which have small shrine or Jizo, ups and down, and blind alley, have tendency there are many individual regional resources. And small shrine and Jizo is important resource to continue the community within the alley unit.2) Owners of row houses with road contact failure realize the living improvement by five classified methods on the basis such as individual spatial terms and living demands.

著者

野田 俊彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

建築雑誌 (ISSN:00038555)

巻号頁・発行日

no.346, pp.714-727, 1915-10

被引用文献数

1

著者

野田 俊彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

建築雑誌 (ISSN:00038555)

巻号頁・発行日

no.360, pp.706-710, 1916-12

著者

磯部 大吾郎 レ ティタイタン

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.667, pp.1659-1664, 2011-09-30 (Released:2012-01-13)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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Fire-induced collapse behaviors of a high-rise building with an outrigger truss system were verified using the ASI-Gauss technique. The effects of fire patterns and structural parameters on the redundant strengths were surveyed by observing the collapse initiation time: the duration from the beginning of the fire until collapse initiation. From the numerical results, it is confirmed that collapse initiation times are significantly affected by the member joint strengths if the axial force ratio is small on the condition that the fire pattern is nearly symmetrical, and the load paths to and from the outrigger truss system are sufficiently protected.

著者

浅沼 宏亮 伊藤 一秀

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.688, pp.481-487, 2013-06-30 (Released:2013-08-30)

参考文献数

15

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The indoor environment can play a significant role in the transmission of and exposure to various contaminants. In the case of some emerging aerial infections, such as those caused by influenza virus and tuberculosis virus, the airborne route of transmission is considered to be important for evaluating the health risk associated with exposure to contaminants in indoors. In this study, we focus on the coupled simulation of unsteady and non-uniform distribution of infectious contaminant concentration and transmission propagation, which directly indicates the infectious titer of target infectious contaminant and the changes in the population densities of Susceptible (S), Exposed (E), Infectious (I), and Recovered (R) in a hospital space. Furthermore, improved exposure model that separated respiratory exposure and contact exposure is proposed in this study and the sensitivity analysis was executed. Especially, we report the prediction results of the time and spatial change in the infectious risk when the indoor environmental conditions in university hospital space, type of contaminant and prediction models are changed.

著者

中村 裕幸 野城 智也 吉田 敏 村井 一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. F-1, 都市計画, 建築経済・住宅問題 (ISSN:13414534)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2006, pp.1149-1150, 2006-07-31

被引用文献数

3

著者

村田 敬一 初田 亨

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.531, pp.259-264, 2000

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4 4

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This research studies the changes of the hot spring inn through the architecture of Shima hot spring Sekizenkan of Gunma Pref. As a result, the following became with obvious. (1)Honkan is the hot spring inn of the Gunma Pref. most ancient times where the construction period traces back until 1800. (2)Besides the era comes down^the architecture of Sekizenkan changed with yugoya → yuyado → ryokan. (3)A hot spring inn is reacting with the movement of the society and.be changing with the era.

著者

坪井 善勝 秋野 金次 川股 重也 鄭 〓

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.313-316, 1960

著者

武藤 清

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

建築雑誌 (ISSN:00038555)

巻号頁・発行日

no.851, 1957-10

著者

松田 浩子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.685, pp.705-714, 2013-03-30 (Released:2013-06-03)

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Batavia was the port city founded by the Dutch United East India Company in the Ciliwung River Delta of Java located in the Asian monsoon tectonic zone. Construction of the urban area and land reclamation of the environs were conducted under the water management based on waterways having multi functions such as self-defense, transportation, drainage, water storage and irrigation. This paper explains changes of the water management and the space structure in the 17th and 18th centuries according to maps, official ordinances and travel records. Structure and features of the channel network are discussed in relation to geomorphology and hydrological conditions of Java.

著者

松本 絵理 西田 雅嗣 中村 和也 榎並 悠介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

学術講演梗概集. 計画系 (ISSN:13414542)

巻号頁・発行日

no.2, pp.21-22, 2002-06

著者

山村 崇 後藤 春彦 田島 靖崇

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.773, pp.1447-1457, 2020-07

著者

菅野 裕子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.589, pp.213-220, 2005-03-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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This study deals with an analogy between architecture and music by taking the unit of measurement in the Italian Renaissance method. The aim of this study is to consider how the unit of measurement correlates with various parts that compose architectural and musical works. Concerning the unit of measurement, 'modulus' in architecture is analogous to 'tactus' in music. Vignola and Diruta measure all parts of architectural and musical works with these units of measurement. Therefore, all measurements are indicated by numbers.

著者

深見 奈緒子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

建築雑誌 (ISSN:00038555)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1586, pp.16-17, 2009-02-20

著者

佐藤 哲 大原 一興

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.619, pp.41-48, 2007-09-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to make clear the staffs "image of unit care" and "idea of the space". The staff made the design proposal by the theme "house where the elderly with dementia live with the staff', "the capacity of the unit is ten people", and "two units". The drawing and the design concept were analyzed. The followings were obtained. 1. The image "user's room is a private room in unit care" was established. However, The difference was seen in the specification and the area of common space. 2. The staff thought about the environment by dweller's aspect and staffs aspect, and which to be valued, the space composition was different.

著者

初田 香成 栢木 まどか

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.738, pp.2071-2079, 2017 (Released:2017-08-30)

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This paper aims to describe the role of housing companies rooted in traditional mutual loan system in Japan's housing supply from Taisho period to postwar period. House ownership rate increased rapidly in this period, these companies developed in synchronization with it. This paper also aims to analyze the process of the diffusion of home ownership from the viewpoint of private companies and consumers. These companies were called ‘‘Jutaku Mujin’’ in prewar period, and called ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ in postwar period. I collected 8 representative companies' company histories and founder's publications. In the result, these companies can be traced back to older age, they were more various in marketing method and locality than previously known, and most of them had strong connection in personnel. ‘‘Jutaku Mujin’’ companies developed since 1930s and ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ companies developed since 1950s because of the shortage of housing and the increase of motivation of having home ownership. Existed laws had difficulty to regulate them, so some of them were likely to be recognized as social problem. At times the problem of these companies were examined in National Diet both prewar period and post war period. These companies could come to market with small capitals, but client tended to have complaint about the condition of breaking leases because of their characteristic of mutual loan system. ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ companies developed and had about estimated 7% share of privately provided houses especially in 1960s. These companies have not been succeeded nowadays. New prefabrication method and home loan system by private banks seemed to take the place of these companies. But they had significance that they could supply houses which government couldn't covered.

著者

小浦 孝次

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.741, pp.2907-2913, 2017 (Released:2017-11-30)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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In the building administration, it is necessary to improve existing buildings as earthquake resistant, fire prevention and energy conservation countermeasures. Grasp of the number of residual houses by building year is important. In this paper, the building year estimation method for existing buildings using "Housing and Land Statistics Survey" in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications(MIC) Bureau of Statistics. At first, the number of houses built in each year was estimated. The residual rate curve of the housing can be calculated using three parameters and three statistics (estimated housing starts before 1944, the number of new housing starts by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport since 1945, housing and land statistics survey). The building year distribution of housing in 2013 was estimated from the 2008 survival curve. The estimation result was similar to the statistics of 2013. This method was confirmed that this estimation method is effective for short-term future prediction. This estimation method is effective for grasping the number of residual houses for each building year which was previously difficult. For example, in the total number of homes, the total number of houses with residence, vacancy, in a lost house. Furthermore, changes in the number of residual houses by construction year were obtained by comparing estimation results of "housing and land statistics surveys" every 5 years.

著者

溝口 明則

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.603, pp.167-173, 2006-05-30 (Released:2017-02-17)

参考文献数

1

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The method to plan the column interval dimensions at Horyuji Kondo (the main hall of Horyuji temple) has been argued for a century. However we still have not reached to a reliable conclusion yet. This thesis explains the planning method of the column interval dimensions of Horyuji Kondo by adopting the mediaeval period's 'shiwarisei' as a clue.This is the method to design the standard unit of the column interval from the dimensions of the rafter interval. Up to the present, the method to plan the column interval dimensions at the Kondo has been understood by applying a whole number among the center of the columns. But fractional numbers happen to appear because of the existence of the interval dimensions of eaves girders (gagyou) and rafters.As a result, the existence of the primitive 'shiwari-sei' and a new planning method to position the columns can be proposed.