著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.426-436, 2015-09-01 (Released:2016-03-01)

参考文献数

33

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This study investigated the effect of moral foundation and feeling of disgust toward acriminal case on non-professional legal decisions. Three hundred and sixty participantswere asked to read a fictional story about a murder attempt case and rated a possi-bility that a defendant, who had denied all charges against the case, would be judgedas guilty. Participants were also rated a degree of regrets about their decision if thetruth would be either guilty or not guilty. The degree of physical injury of a victim wasvaried in accordance with three conditions (i.e., minor, heavy, and permanent damage).The analysis revealed that participants who put much value on not harming others feltdisgust toward the criminal case, and that resulted in higher ratings of possibility thatthe defendant would be judged as guilty. In addition to that, as the degree of physi-cal injury of the victim got severer, the ratings of the possibility also got higher, andparticipants felt less regrets of their decision even if the defendant was actually nota real perpetrator and thus they made Type II error. We discussed characteristics ofnon-professional legal decisions from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

著者

野口 聡一 丸山 慎 湯淺 麻紀子 岩本 圭介

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.29-44, 2014-03-01 (Released:2015-02-02)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4

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The purpose of the present study is to illustrate how social networking service (SNS) such as “Twitter [twitter.com]” works as a tool enhancing our communication between space and the ground. To do so, by using a text mining technique, we analyzed text data of an astronaut ’s daily reports, short compositions posted by the astronaut on Twitter, and reactions from ground to his tweeting (the primary author is the astro-naut himself. He wrote daily reports during his first space flight and tweeted during his second long duration space flight). In the analysis, we focused on the frequency of the use of some specific words and on changes in the astronaut’s verbal expressions over time. Results suggested that SNS communication had an impact on the astro-naut’s word choice when he narrated his experience in space and also contributed to facilitating interaction between the astronaut and ground. Based on these findings, we speculated that, due to its easiness, promptness and bidirectionality, SNS has great potential for becoming a powerful and fundamental tool to reduce our psychological distance to space, and by this token, contributes to developing scientific interests of general public in space exploration. This implies that, through SNS communication,we have already begun to experience space as a part of our everyday things on Earth.

著者

高橋 英之

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.556-560, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-12-15)

参考文献数

13

著者

田中 優子 犬塚 美輪 藤本 和則

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.509-527, 2022 (Released:2022-09-15)

参考文献数

123

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Pervasive misinformation is a primary social issue in the digital age. A common method for resolving this issue is making corrections to mitigate false beliefs due to misinformation. However, the influence of misinformation is often predominant, thereby resulting in correction having a limited effect on alleviating people's false memory and reasoning. This psychological phenomenon is known as the continued influence effect of misinformation. Rapidly evolving research has accumulated into a sizable literature explaining the psychological processes that cause this effect. This article seeks to clarify the psychological processes for exploring ways to harness the negative impact of misinformation on our minds. Specifically, we review cognitive models and factors related to the continued influence effect, as well as a potential side effect of correction. Moreover, we summarize practical recommendations for interventions based on psychological characteristics. Finally, we discuss future directions in psychology and how emerging interdisciplinary research contributes to controlling the harmful impact of misinformation on our society.

著者

石井 辰典

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.154-160, 2023-06-01 (Released:2023-06-15)

参考文献数

10

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Recently, a multi-lab study has become increasingly popular. It’s one of the empirical study methods where researchers from various regions and cultures around the world conduct research at the same time using the same procedures. This paper discusses how to participate in a multi-lab study, the advantages of the participation, and the problems associated with the participation. First, any researchers can be involved in a multi-lab study and its process is not much different from that of traditional international collaborative studies. Next, it is highlighted that multi-lab studies have greater academic implications than meta-analyses and that providing Japanese data increases the significance of it. Finally, the paper points out that the financial and authorship issues associated with the participation in a multi-lab study should be overcome.

著者

佐々木 恭志郎

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.161-167, 2023-06-01 (Released:2023-06-15)

参考文献数

12

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It has been over a decade since reproducibility in psychology became discussed hotly. Many ideas and systems have been proposed to address the reproducibility crisis in psychology. However, it is also essential to consider the training of future generations in this regard. Here, this paper introduces some examples of efforts to incorporate reproducibility education in undergraduate psychology programs and discusses the benefits and potential challenges of these approaches. This paper aims to stimulate discussion on the role of undergraduate education in promoting the reproducibility of psychology.

著者

齋木 潤 武藤 拓之

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.46-55, 2023-03-01 (Released:2023-03-15)

参考文献数

28

著者

中山 真孝 齊藤 智

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.456-462, 2015-09-01 (Released:2016-03-01)

参考文献数

27

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Processing fluency influences judgment as metacognitive cue. Laham, Koval, & Al-ter (2012) demonstrated name-pronunciation effect whereby easy-to-pronounce (i.e.,easy-to-process) names were judged more positively. In their study, however, the “pro-nouncability” was not defined by objective criteria, which may cast doubt on the inter-nal validity of the effect. To overcome this limitation, the present study replicated thename-pronunciation effect by manipulating two objectively defined and well-establishedpronouncability factors: within-item phonological similarity and phonotactic frequencyof the name. Phonological similarity is manipulated by making the constituent moraeshare the same vowel or not. Phonotactic frequency is defined by a composite score ofmora, bi-mora and position-mora frequency. We asked participants to rate impressionof names, presenting nonwords as names of foreign person who would come to their of-fice. The result indicated independent effects of phonological similarity and phonotacticfrequency with phonologically similar and low phonotactic frequency names being ratednegatively. The present study confirmed the internal validity of the name-pronunciationeffect in the previous study.

著者

久保 賢太 片平 健太郎 池田 大樹 岡田 正人 岡ノ谷 一夫 川合 伸幸

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.483-487, 2013-12-01 (Released:2014-12-24)

参考文献数

8

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この度はこのような栄誉ある賞を戴くことができ,大変感激しております.私の受賞に関しては,研究の成果の大きさというよりも,アプローチのユニークさを評価していただのではないかと考えております.私は,JST ERATO 岡ノ谷情動情報プロジェクトにおいて,コミュニケーションや社会的な場面で生じる情動を,自律神経系活動・脳活動を用いて検討しております.本研究は,二者間の息の合ったコミュニケーションを解明する試みとして実施しました.これからも,実生活に潜む面白い現象を抽出することを目的とし,日々一つ一つ成果を積み上げて参りたいと思います.こうした一風変わった研究を実施できたのも,プロジェクトの総括でいらっしゃる岡ノ谷一夫東京大学教授と,私の所属する名古屋サイトのグループリーダーである川合伸幸名古屋大学准教授の懐の広いご指導の賜物です.お二人には,感謝してもしきれない御恩を感じております.このたびの受賞も,未熟な私を日ごろから丁寧に指導してくださっている川合伸幸先生と,研究室スタッフの皆様のおかげです.この場をお借りして感謝を申し上げます.

著者

外山 紀子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.98-107, 2019-03-01 (Released:2019-09-01)

参考文献数

65

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Classic research in developmental psychology proposed that children gradually abandon magical or supernatural beliefs and instead acquire a more scientific or natural appreciation of cause and effect. However, recent studies have shown that adults across highly diverse cultural contexts rely on magical beliefs that violate, operate outside of,or are distinct from the empirically verifiable phenomena of the physical or material world. These magical beliefs are examples of mis- or fictional-projection in projection science. The current study reviewed the literature on the development of magical thought including immanent justice reasoning, conceptions of afterlife, and beliefs of magical contagion. Overall, recent studies have suggested that these phenomena of mis- or fictional-projection are pervasive across cultures, and also across developmental stages. Several studies found a U-shaped developmental pattern in which magical thought decreased with age throughout childhood and adolescence, but then increased again among adults, implying that formal education cannot suppress magical mind only temporally. These recent studies suggested that mis- or fictional-projection is a core feature of human cognition.

著者

岡部 大介

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.4, pp.671-681, 2008-12-01

参考文献数

21

著者

矢口 幸康

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.191-199, 2012 (Released:2014-07-22)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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In this experiment, we verified the sensory relatedness of onomatopoeic words that represent texture. The effect of the difference between Hiragana and Katakana or thography was investigated by asking 74 participants to evaluate onomatopoeic words written in Hiragana and Katakana. Participants were requested to evaluate the degree to which 69 onomatopoeic words that express texture were related to the five modalities (vision, olfaction, hearing, taste, and touch) on a 7-point scale. Among the 74 participants, 54 participants evaluated the words written in normal orthography. And 22 remaining participants evaluated the words writtenin reverse orthography. The results indicated, that the relatedness of echoic words to touch and hearing was high, and orthography did not influence the results. On the other hand, the modalities that were highly related to imitative wordswere significantly different according to orthography. That is, orthography effects differed between imitative words and echoic words.

著者

村山 綾 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.213-219, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-12-01)

参考文献数

14

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This study investigated false alarm effects against interacting with a person who had been indicted in an attempted murder case. Two hundred and forty participants were asked to read a fictional story about such a case. The degree of physical injury of the victim (i.e., minor or permanent damage) and the subsequent truth (i.e., the person was guilty or not) were manipulated. After reading the scenario, the participants were asked to rate their desire to avoid the indicted person and to estimate the risks of either gazing at him or having a conversation. Consistent with Error Management Theory (EMT), the strongest false alarm effect was obtained against having a conversation with a person who was actually guilty as well as when the physical injury of the victim was more severe. We also confirmed false alarm effects in some conditions where the indicted person was not guilty. These results indicate that the general tendency to avoid a person who possibly threatens one ’s safety, as suggested by EMT, could be applicable to situations of interaction with the former accused in a criminal case.

著者

佐藤 隆弘

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.333-346, 2008 (Released:2010-02-15)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

5

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Three theories have been proposed in behavior analysis to explain the establishment of stimulus equivalence. Sidman's (1994) equivalence relation theory suggests that stimulus equivalence is a fundamental behavioral function caused by reinforcement contingencies, and asserts that learning is unnecessary for its establishment. In contrast, the relational frame theory (RFT) suggests that stimulus equivalence results from previous learning regarding many different stimulus-relationships. On the other hand, the naming theory focuses on the naming process, or the circular relationship between the behaviors of the speaker-listener. The latter two theories hold that verbal learning is necessary for the formation of stimulus equivalence. Moreover, naming theory suggests that equivalence relations are formed by verbal responses, whereas the other two theories suggest that naming is the same behavioral process as equivalence. In conclusion it is suggested that analysis of stimulus function is crucial to understand cognition and language.

著者

日髙 昇平

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.456-461, 2019-12-01 (Released:2020-03-01)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2

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In this issue of the Cognitive Studies, we invited a paper titled “Understanding consciousness through category theory” by N. Tsuchiya and H. Saigo. In this paper, they illustrate their intriguing challenge for a new scientific approach to consciousness on the basis of category theory. Their idea and claim are potentially attractive for research on consciousness, but some readers may have a difficulty to evaluate them, due to its multi-disciplinary nature connecting neuroscientific findings on consciousness and category theory. Thus, the editorial board of the Cognitive Studies also invited the six experts from different areas to provide a variety of discussions and comments on the paper by Tsuchiya and Saigo.

著者

柴崎 全弘 川合 伸幸

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.158-172, 2011 (Released:2011-09-07)

参考文献数

47

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We investigated to what extent humans are sensitive to snakes and spiders in a visual search task. In Experiment 1, fear-relevant deviants (snakes or spiders) were detected faster among fear-irrelevant backgrounds (flowers or mushrooms), than vice versa. Moreover, the detection of the fear-irrelevant target from snake backgrounds was significantly slower than that from spider backgrounds. It indicated that snakes held the attention more strongly than spiders did, that interfered with the effective visual search. In Experiment 2, fear-relevant animals (snakes or spiders) were compared with fear-irrelevant animals (birds or koalas). Fear-relevant animals were detected faster among fear-irrelevant animals, than vice versa. In addition, snakes were detected more rapidly than spiders, suggesting that snakes captured attention more strongly than spiders did. Furthermore, detection of the fear-irrelevant target (birds or koalas) from snake backgrounds was significantly slower than that from spider backgrounds. Again, it was indicated that snakes held the attention more strongly than spiders. We discussed our differences of the sensitivity to snakes and spiders in terms of evolutional origins of detecting hazardous animals.

著者

戸田山 和久

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.685-687, 2010 (Released:2011-06-06)

著者

西郷 甲矢人 日髙 昇平 高橋 康介 布山 美慕

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.70-83, 2021-03-01 (Released:2021-03-15)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

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The aim of this article is to provide references to cognitive scientists, who are interested in learning category theory and using it in their research. This article consists of the three sections, question-and-answers on category theory, utility of category theory on cognitive science, and tutorial materials. In the question-and-answers on category theory, we answered to questions, with which beginners of category theory may come up. In the utility of category theory on cognitive science, we raised the three items of utility of category theory in building cognitive models. The learning materials share the books, slides, and videos on the web, recommended to start with.

著者

野村 光江 布井 雅人 吉川 左紀子

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.441-452, 2011 (Released:2012-03-09)

参考文献数

35

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The ability to recognize emotional states of others is a fundamental social skill. In this study, we investigated the extent to which complex emotions can be inferred from facial or vocal cues in speech. Several sentences were prepared that intended to appreciate, blame, apologize, or congratulate others. Japanese university students uttered these sentences with congruent or incongruent emotional states, and they were recorded with a video camera. The speakers' friends and strangers were shown these videos in a single modality (face or voice only) and they were asked to rate the perceived emotional states of the speakers. The results showed that the raters discriminated congruent message conditions from incongruent message conditions, and that this discrimination largely depended on voice cues, rather than face cues. The results also showed that the effects of familiarity of target person modulated the way of inferring emotional states. These results suggest that we could detect subtle emotional nuances of others in spoken interaction, and that we use facial and vocal information in some different ways.

著者

佐藤 徳

出版者

日本認知科学会

雑誌

認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.29-40, 2011 (Released:2011-09-07)

参考文献数

25

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The sense of agency is the sense that one is causing an action. The predictive account of the sense of agency proposes that sensory prediction based on efferent information plays a critical role in generating the sense of agency. Alternatively, the inferential account of the sense of agency proposes that we experience the sense of agency when we infer that one's own thoughts are the cause of an action. According to this account, the inference occurs when a thought appears in consciousness prior to an action, is consistent with the action, and is not accompanied by conspicuous other causes of the action. Recent study showed that both of these factors did contribute to the sense of agency. In this paper, multi-layered model of sense of agency was presented. Within this framework, the basic level consists in sensori-motor processes, while the higher level comprises conceptual process. At the basic level, the non-conceptual feeling of agency is produced by sensori-motor integration process of efferent with afferent information. In case of incongruence between these indicators, the pre-conceptual feeling of agency is further processed by inference mechanism to form an attribution of agency (judgment of agency). This paper proposes that what is self-specific is not judgment of agency but rather non-conceptual feeling of agency. That is, the intertwining of action and its sensory consequence in the world makes self so special.