著者

Goh Hirai

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-172, (Released:2018-10-20)

被引用文献数

4

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The effect of non-woven fabric floating row covers on the growth and yield of spring-sown, direct-seeded onions was investigated in Hokkaido, a subarctic island of Japan. Field experiments were carried out in 2014, 2015, and 2017. The seeds were sown in late April in each year. Floating row covers were installed a few days after seeding and kept in place until the end of May. During the treatment period, average daily maximum and minimum soil temperatures were approximately 4–5°C and 1–3°C higher, respectively, under covered compared with uncovered treatment. The effect of row covers on soil moisture varied annually. Emergence was obviously accelerated by floating row covers, as evidenced by an emergence date that was 1 to 4 days earlier than that of the uncovered treatment. Growth during early stages was promoted by floating row covers; however, the difference in plant growth between covered and uncovered treatments gradually decreased, with an almost non-significant difference observed by the beginning of bulb formation. The effect on growth earliness differed between years and an earlier lodging time was observed in 2015, in which the sunshine duration during the covered period of about 40 days reached 350 hours and the soil temperature difference between covered and uncovered treatments was larger than the other 2 years. Floating row covers had little effect on bulb yield. As for other growth aspects, decreased survival under floating row covers due to heat injury was observed when high temperature and drought simultaneously occurred. Floating row covers also tended to decrease onion maggot feeding damage. Non-woven fabric floating row covers effectively promote the emergence and early growth of spring-sown, direct-seeded onions mainly by elevating soil temperature. Although the degree differs depending on the year, earlier bulb formation and lodging, and a decrease in onion maggot feeding damage are also expected. These results suggest that non-woven fabric floating row covers may be a viable option to reduce the risks of delay in emergence, growth suppression caused by low temperatures, delay in lodging time and feeding damage due to onion maggot.

著者

Satoshi Matsuo Kenji Nanya Shunsuke Imanishi Ichiro Honda Eiji Goto

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-005, (Released:2018-10-20)

被引用文献数

13

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Light quality is an important environmental factor that regulates stem length of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Previously, we showed that the stem length of tomato seedlings grown under red (R) light emitting diodes (LEDs) was significantly longer than that of seedlings grown under blue (B) LEDs or a mixture of B and R LEDs; further, the light intensity of B LED negatively correlated with the stem length. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of how B and R lights affect stem elongation. We analyzed the levels of gibberellins (GAs) and the expression of genes associated with their metabolism in tomato seedlings grown under different B and R light conditions. The level of bioactive GA, GA4, was significantly higher in the seedlings grown under R LED than in those grown under other light conditions. In addition, an increase in the B to R light ratio increased the transcript level of the GA inactivation enzyme gene, SlGA2ox7. Moreover, the transcript level of SlGA2ox7 increased with the intensity of B light, and was negatively correlated with the stem length of the seedlings. These results indicated that the B light intensity controlled GA inactivation of the seedlings, and endogenous GA contents may affect stem elongation. Further, we found that the transcript level of the GA biosynthesis enzyme gene, SlGA3ox3, in the seedlings grown under R LED was significantly higher than that under other light conditions. This could be due to depletion of B light and suggests that GA biosynthesis may be involved in the stem elongation of seedlings grown under low B light conditions.

著者

Hayato Morimoto Takako Narumi-Kawasaki Takejiro Takamura Seiichi Fukai

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-007, (Released:2018-10-20)

被引用文献数

14

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Bud-mutation carnation cultivars of the “MINAMI series” have a diversity of flower color in which the directions of bud sports are recorded. ‘Poly Minami’, which is the origin of the “MINAMI series”, produced the eight cultivars with various petal colors through continuous bud mutations. Flavonoid pigments analysis showed that the flower color variation is produced by the difference in the quantitative ratios of pelargonidin-typed anthocyanin and chalcononaringenin 2′-O-glucoside (Ch2′G). Acyanic cultivars; ‘Poly Minami’, ‘Lemon Minami’ and ‘Vanilla Minami’ had Ch2′G showing a yellow coloration as a major flavonoid with different concentrations in the petals. Cyanic cultivars with pinkish petals; ‘Orange Minami’, ‘Minami’, ‘Passion Minami’ and ‘Feminine Minami’ had different ratios of 3,5-di-O-(β-glucopyranosyl) pelargonidin 6′′-O-4,6′′′-O-1-cyclic malate (Pg3,5cMdG), showing a pink coloration, and Ch2′G as major flavonoids in the petals. The variegated cultivar ‘Sakura Minami’, with deep pink sectors and flecks on pale pink petals, accumulated a small amount of Pg3,5cMdG. The red-flowered cultivar ‘Tommy Minami’ accumulated pelargonidin 3-O-malylglucoside (Pg3MG) showing a red coloration as a major anthocyanin in the petals. The gene expression analysis through flower-bud development showed that the ratios of Pg3,5cMdG and Ch2′G are produced by the difference in the expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes; the dihydroflavonol 4-reducatse gene (DFR), the chalcononaringenin 2′-O-glucosyltransferase gene (CHGT2) and the chalcone isomerase gene (CHI2) and the acyl-glucose-dependent anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene (AA5GT) and an anthocyanin transportation-related gene; the glutathione S-transferase-like gene (GSTF2). This study revealed that the flower color variations in the “MINAMI series” are caused by genetic and metabolic changes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and identified five candidate genes for flower color changes in the “MINAMI series”.

著者

Sirinan Suktawee Masahiro Shishido Shanshan Wang Takanori Saito Katsuya Okawa Hitoshi Ohara Hataitip Nimitkeatkai Hiromi Ikeura Satoru Kondo

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-001, (Released:2018-08-18)

被引用文献数

7

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The effects of the jasmonic acid derivative n-propyl dihydrojasmonate (PDJ) on ethylene signal transduction and endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) in apples infected with Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) were investigated. Apples were dipped into 400 μM PDJ solution and then inoculated with B. cinerea. The fruit were stored at 25°C and 95% relative humidity for 16 days after PDJ treatment. The inoculation without PDJ application (PDJ− Ino+) showed larger B. cinerea lesion diameters compared to the PDJ application with inoculation (PDJ+ Ino+) and the untreated controls. In contrast, the PDJ+ Ino+ group showed a higher ethylene production rate, higher 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration, and greater expressions of ethylene-related genes [MdACS1 (ACC synthase), MdACO1 (ACC oxidase), MdETR1 (Ethylene receptor 1), MdERS1 (Ethylene response sensor 1), and MdCTR1 (Constitutive triple response 1)], and endogenous JA, MdAOS1 (Allene oxide synthase 1) gene. However, the abscisic acid concentrations were decreased in the PDJ+ Ino+ group. The results suggest that PDJ application induces ethylene production through ethylene-related genes and endogenous JA, resulting in B. cinerea infection inhibition.

著者

Wenkai Yan Yuqi Zhang Yating Zhang Ruifeng Cheng Yi Zhang Qichang Yang Tao Li

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-165, (Released:2018-08-03)

被引用文献数

13

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Light is one of the most limiting factors affecting plant growth in greenhouses. Recently, supplementary artificial light has been widely used in greenhouse production in winter or on overcast days when solar radiation is weak. However, plant responses to supplementary artificial light in a Chinese Solar Greenhouse (CSG) and the economic feasibility of the lighting strategy are poorly understood. The tomato, one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetables in the world, was tested in this study. A CSG was divided into three sections, and three treatments were arranged. They were top lighting with HPS lamps (TL), TL plus inter-lighting with LEDs (TL+IL), and control treatment without artificial light, respectively. We showed that supplementary artificial light improved the uniformity of light distribution from the south to north end of the CSG, and increased the average greenhouse temperature by ~1–1.4°C. Tomato yield was increased by 21.8% and 32.9% in TL and TL+IL, respectively, compared with that of the control. The higher yield under supplementary artificial light resulted from a larger number of ripe fruits rather than bigger fruit size. Moreover, fruit quality was improved by supplementary artificial light as indicated by a higher total soluble sugar content. There were no significant differences in total biomass production or total soluble sugar content in leaves, as well as fruits, between TL and TL+IL treatments, but TL+IL further stimulated fruit maturation compared with TL. Although supplementary artificial light confers an advantage in terms of tomato growth, it is not economically feasible as 28.8 kWh electricity was required to increase the tomato yield by 1 kg in the CSG. Therefore, it is important to find solutions to increase the efficiency of supplementary artificial light in the CSG.

著者

Taku Yano Akiyoshi Morisaki Shun-ichiro Ito Masaharu Kitano

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-112, (Released:2018-07-21)

被引用文献数

2

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To predict the seasonal vegetative growth of potted seedlings of Satsuma mandarin, the effects of initial plant conditions (age, shoot pruning), environment (greenhouse, greenhouse + shading, open-field culture), and pot size on growth were researched for 1.5–2.5 years. The growth pattern was evaluated using a curve fitting with the 4-parameter logistic (4L) model, biomass allocation, and classical (interval) growth analysis, and a generalized linear model analysis based on thermal time (tt). Growth delays from shoot pruning were confirmed by growth trajectories with the 4L model based on tt. Plant growth was positively affected by enlarging the pot size (from 20-L to 45-L), while shading significantly suppressed the growth of 45-L potted Satsuma mandarin seedlings in the greenhouse. In the growth analysis, the relative growth rate was not always determined by the net assimilation rate (NAR), which included both shoot-pruning and pot size effects. To predict the plant mass of Satsuma mandarin seedlings (MP), we proposed several generalized linear models using a log link function assuming that MP followed a Gamma-distribution. The best model to predict MP was selected based on Akaike information criterion (AIC) values, and contained explanatory variables for initial plant biomass, NAR, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass ratio (LMR), pot size, and tt. Some simpler models excluding NAR, but including SLA and/or LMR as explanatory variables, were more useful than a model lacking growth analysis parameters (NAR, SLA, and LMR).

著者

Takashi Kawai Fumiya Matsumori Hidemi Akimoto Naoki Sakurai Ken Hirano Ryohei Nakano Fumio Fukuda

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-012, (Released:2018-07-14)

被引用文献数

15

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Split pit in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit is an internal disorder that can have adverse effects on fruit quality and shelf stability. As it is difficult to distinguish split-pit fruit from normal fruit by appearance, a nondestructive detection method is desirable to determine accurately the timing of split-pit occurrence and remove unwanted fruit from trees. In our recent study, we used an acoustic vibration method for the nondestructive detection of split pit in harvested peach fruit. Here, we demonstrate that this method can be used to detect split pit in unpicked peach fruit. Time-course monitoring of growing fruit revealed that the ratio of the third (f3) to the second (f2) resonant frequency (f3/f2), which is an indicator of split pit in harvested fruit, abruptly increased in unpicked split-pit fruit from early June to early July. In contrast, the f3/f2 values of normal fruit remained low until harvest in late July. The increase in f3/f2 values of split-pit fruit was observed in early June (stage II of fruit growth) and/or from late June to early July (stage III of fruit growth), suggesting that, at least under the experimental conditions in the current study, pit splitting occurred at these two different timings. Split-pit fruit detection rate at harvest increased towards the end of the second split-pit occurrence and split pit could be predicted with high accuracy thereafter. These results collectively suggested that the timing of split-pit occurrence in unpicked peach fruit could be predicted accurately by measuring f3/f2 values and unwanted fruit with split pit could be distinguished from normal fruit on trees. We discuss the possible applications of the nondestructive acoustic vibration method in combination with fruit thinning and the future use of this method in research aiming to develop effective prevention methods or resistant cultivars with reduced split pit.

著者

桝田 正治 小西 国義

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.419-424, 1993 (Released:2008-05-15)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 3

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ホウレンソウ種子は10~20°Cで良く発芽し, 25°C以上で著しく抑制された。25°Cで30%程度の発芽率を示す種子群を, 36N (濃硫酸) •30分間あるいは18N•60分間処理すると, 硫酸無処理の果皮除去種子と同様に80~95%の高い発芽率を示した。しかし,30°Cでは硫酸処理種子および果皮除去種子とも約50%の発芽率にとどまった。果皮を物理的に割っても発芽率は向上したが, その効果の程度は小さかった。硫酸処理後, 水ポテンシャル-1.3MPaのポリエチレングリコール溶液 (PEG-6000) に1週間 (10°C)プライミング処理した種子は, 供試6品種とも30°Cの高温下で置床後8日以内に80%以上が発芽した。プライミング処理のみでは, その効果は小さかった。果皮表面の走査電子顕微鏡観察によると, 硫酸処理によって果皮クチクラが崩壊し表皮に多数のくぼみが現れ, その底に径1~2μmの小孔が認められた。このことより, 硫酸処理による発芽促進は, とくに果皮クチクラの崩壊により胚への酸素透過性が高まったことによるものと推察された。

著者

中村 俊一郎 寺西 武夫 青木 美珠代

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.461-467, 1982 (Released:2007-07-05)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3 8

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セルリー種子の発芽促進に対するベンジルアデニン(BA), ジベレリン(GA3又はGA4)及びポリエチレングリコール(PEG)6000溶液処理の効果を調査した. またホウレンソウ種子ではPEG処理の発芽促進効果とともに, 処理後の乾燥貯蔵の可能性を調査した.1. セルリー種子は20°Cを越えると発芽率が低下した. 発芽促進剤としてはBAが有効で, GA4も効果があるが, GA3は無効であった.BAとGA4とを併用すると最も有効であった.2. セルリー種子はPEG処理によって発芽速度が早まり, 又25及び30°Cでの発芽率が上昇した.3. 処理期間は7日間でも大きな効果が見られたが, 14日間処理すれば効果は更に増大した.4. 処理温度は, 種子ロットによって, 15°Cが好適な場合と, 20°Cが好適な場合とがあった.5. PEG処理中に光線を与えることによって, 処理効果が増大した.6. PEG溶液中にBAを加えることによって処理効果が増大した. しかしGA4を加えても効果の増大は見られなかった.7. ホウレンソウ種子もPEG処理によって発芽速度が早まり, 30°Cでは発芽率も増大した.8. ホウレンソウ種子をPEG処理後, 7日ないし14日間貯蔵した時, 発芽率の低下は見られず, 発芽速度の減少も僅少にとどまった.

著者

Yoshikuni Kitamura Takafumi Watanabe Yukari Kato WeiWei Teoh Keiko Kataoka Yuki Yamaguchi Tomohiro Haruta Hideo Nishioka Kiyokazu Kametani

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-003, (Released:2018-06-19)

被引用文献数

1

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Information about mechanical reinforcement of decorative organs could help development of a novel technique that would give flowers with robust floral organs and broadly contribute to postharvest flower preservation. Hydrangeas (Hydrangea spp.) exhibit remarkable characteristics in terms of mechanical reinforcement of decorative sepals. Although decorative sepals at the flowering stage shrink when they are desiccated, decorative sepals after flowering maintain their shape even after desiccation. In this study, the lignifications of the vein cells in decorative sepals were analyzed using phloroglucinol/HCl-staining. The microstructure of the cell wall was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The three-dimensional structure of vein cells was analyzed using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). Tubular- and spindle-shaped dead cells with a lignified pitted secondary cell wall were observed around the vessel elements in decorative sepals after flowering. These cells were observed as living cells without a secondary cell wall in the veins of decorative sepals at flowering and in fully expanded leaves. Further, 10 hydrangea cultivars were analyzed for development of mechanical reinforcement in vein cells, and some of them were compared by desiccation testing. Decorative sepals of a cultivar lacking those cells exhibited shrinkage after flowering when they were desiccated. In conclusion, dead cells with a lignified pitted secondary cell wall contribute to the reinforcement of veins in decorative sepals of hydrangeas and become sclerified parenchyma cells. Axial parenchyma sclerifying in veins after flowering is essential for robust hydrangea floral organs and represent a new type of mechanical reinforcement tissue in plant decorative floral organs.

著者

渡辺 均 安藤 敏夫 塚本 達也 / Eduardo Marchesi

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.33-40, 2001-01-15 (Released:2008-01-31)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

10 20

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ペチュニア品種の育種に資するため, 赤花の希少種であるPetunia exserta (2n=14)とPetunia sensu Jussieu (Petunia sensu WijsmanとCalibrachoaの総体)46分類群との交雑親和性を調査した.P. exsertaとCalibrachoaの正逆交配からはさく果が得られなかった.P. exsertaを母親とした場合はP. occidentalisを除くすべてのPetunia sensu Wijsman分類群と交雑可能であったが, 父親とした場合, 交雑可能なのは6分類群に限られ, 本種が一方向不親和性(unilateral interspecific incompatibility)を示す場合の多いことが判明した.P. exserta×P. axillaris subsp. axillarisのF2世代は赤花個体を分離したが, P. exsertaに最も近い発色をする個体にはP. exsertaの主要色素であるdelphinidin配糖体が優位に存在し, 従来の赤花とは異なる機作によって赤色を発現させる可能性が示唆された.

著者

Olga Tejeda-Sartorius Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez María de los Ángeles Aída Téllez-Velasco Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-148, (Released:2018-06-15)

被引用文献数

2

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We carried out a comparative study on the effect of mineral fertilizers and biofertilizers on the nutrient concentration of Laelia anceps Lindl. subsp. anceps (Orchidaceae) seedlings. The first nutrient solution (Min-Fert) was prepared with commercial mineral fertilizers (Peters Professional® 30N-10P-10K); the second one (Biofert) from Nutro® commercial biofertilizer; and the third with a combination of mineral sources and biofertilizers (Min-Fert + Biofert). Mineral fertilization promoted significant differences in N concentration in leaves and roots. Also, it increased K and the concentration of some micronutrients in the roots. The phosphorous concentration increased in pseudobulbs and roots with the Min-Fert and Min-Fert + Biofert. Biofertilization increased the N concentration in pseudobulbs, and Min-Fert + Biofert increased the Ca and Mg concentration in the roots, as well as the concentration of Fe and Cu in pseudobulbs and Cu in the leaves. Interestingly, Min-Fert significantly increased the nutrient concentration in the roots in comparison to the other tissues. We demonstrated that the use of biofertilizers in L. anceps subsp. anceps (alone or as a supplement to mineral fertilization), represents an alternative to reduce production costs and mitigate the negative impacts of mineral fertilization on the environment.

著者

楊 学虎 冨永 茂人 平井 孝宜 久保 達也 山本 雅史

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学研究 (ISSN:13472658)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.227-234, 2009

被引用文献数

2

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タンカン果実の連年安定生産技術改善のための基礎的知見を得るために,'垂水1号'を供試して,果実発育,着色,果汁成分,砂じょうの発育および呼吸活性の時期別変化を調査した.果実は7~12月にかけて旺盛に肥大し,それには7~11月にかけての砂じょう重の増加が大きく寄与していた.12月以降,果実肥大は低下した.じょうのう当たりの砂じょう数は7月には収穫時とほぼ同数であった.砂じょう長は8~2月まで緩やかに増加した.砂じょうの呼吸活性は7~11月にかけて急速に減少し,11月以降はほぼ一定であった.果皮の着色は10月から始まったが,果肉の着色より遅れた.糖度(Brix)は10月から増加し,それは主要糖であるスクロースの増加によるものであった.グルコースとフルクトースの含量は低かったが,収穫直前にわずかに増加した.滴定酸含量は8月に最高値を示した後,12月まで急激に減少した.12月以降は1%前後で推移した.滴定酸含量は果汁中で90%以上を占めるクエン酸の変化と一致した.クエン酸以外にリンゴ酸が検出されたが,リンゴ酸含量は終始低かった.<br>

著者

Kaori Matsuoka Naoki Moritsuka Shinnosuke Kusaba Kiyoshi Hiraoka

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-167, (Released:2018-06-13)

被引用文献数

5

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In blueberry culture, when sulfur and NH4+ and K fertilizers are applied to soils, radiocesium in the soils may be released into the soil solution, absorbed by roots, and then translocated to fruit. We reanalyzed data from our previous experiment to evaluate soil factors affecting the concentration and total amount of natural stable Cs in blueberry organs and its translocation to fruit. During a 2-year pot experiment, 4-year-old rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton ‘Onslow’) were grown in three soils (Andosol, Cambisol, and Fluvisol) with or without soil treatment (acidification, NH4+ and K fertilization, or combined acidification-fertilization treatment). We measured the concentrations of 13 elements (N, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, and Cs) in samples of the soil solution and the blueberry fruit, leaves, branches and stems, and roots, as well as the pH of the soil solution. Acidification, fertilization, and combined treatment increased the Cs concentration in the soil solution within each soil. On the other hand, the Cs concentration in the whole bush was not changed significantly by any soil treatment. The Cs concentration in fruit, leaves, and branches and stems was significantly negatively correlated with concentrations of Na, Mg, K, and Ca in the soil solution. Among the three soils, the concentrations of these basic cations were lowest in the soil solution of the Cambisol. The fruit Cs concentration in the Cambisol did not change significantly with any soil treatments. In contrast, in the Andosol and Fluvisol, the fruit Cs concentration was significantly decreased by both acidification and fertilization. The whole-bush Cs content did not differ significantly among the soil treatments, whereas the percentages of Cs in fruit and roots depended greatly on the soil treatment within each soil, although the distribution trends relative to the control were opposite for fruit and roots. Our results suggested that the soil treatments to increase the concentrations of soil basic cations could reduce the rate of transfer of Cs to fruit and thereby contribute to a reduction in the Cs concentration in fruit, but not the whole-bush Cs content.

著者

小野 俊朗 平松 竜一 久保田 尚浩 依田 征四 高木 伸友 島村 和夫

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.779-787, 1993 (Released:2008-05-15)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

7 5

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ブドウ'ピオーネ'の無核果栽培において,同一園で毎年着色が良好な樹と不良な樹を用いて,着色に違いが生じる原因を新梢生長や果実発育の面から検討した.新梢伸長,新梢当たりの葉面積および葉のクロフィル含量には着色良好樹と不良樹の間に差はほとんど認められなかった.単位面積当たりの収量は着色不良樹よりも良好樹でわずかに多かった.果粒肥大にも両者に大きな差はなかったが,不良樹では果粒軟化日が良好樹よりも約5日遅かった.果皮色は,果粒軟化後から成熟時まで常に着色良好樹で優れ,とくに軟化後2~3週間以降の差が顕著で,成熟時のアントシアニン含量は着色良好樹が不良樹の約2倍であった.屈折計示度は,成熟期間をとおして着色良好樹で高く,とくに果粒軟化後約3週間以降に両者の差が大きく現れた,果肉の糖含量の変化もほぼ同様であったが,その組成比には良好樹,不良樹間に差がなかった.

著者

Issei Asakura Yoichiro Hoshino

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-163, (Released:2018-05-22)

被引用文献数

3

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Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim. & Rupr.) Maxim., a wild kiwifruit relative native to East Asia, has several desirable characteristics, such as strong cold tolerance, precocity, and high levels of vitamin C, and has therefore attracted horticultural interest. In this study, the interspecific cross compatibility of the diploid Actinidia kolomikta with one cultivated species [A. deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang & A. R. Ferguson], three native Actinidia species [A. arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq., A. polygama (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim., and A. rufa (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.], and one endemic variety [A. arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. var. hypoleuca (Nakai) Kitam.], was evaluated to see if interspecific hybridization using A. kolomikta could improve edible Actinidia crop breeding programs. There was no fruit setting two weeks after anthesis in the tested cross combinations when A. kolomikta was the male parent. In contrast, all five crosses using A. kolomikta as the female parent produced 100% fruit setting two months after pollination. The crosses with different ploidy levels such as combinations between diploid A. kolomikta and hexaploid A. deliciosa, or diploid A. kolomikta and tetraploid A. arguta, produced a few viable seeds. In contrast, the crosses with diploid species such as A. arguta var. hypoleuca, A. polygama, and A. rufa, produced many viable seeds and seedlings. From these results, the cross compatibilities of A. kolomikta with the other tested species were categorized as follows: no fruit setting (A. arguta × A. kolomikta and A. polygama × A. kolomikta); fruit setting with few viable seeds (A. kolomikta × A. arguta and A. kolomikta × A. deliciosa); and normal fruit setting with viable seeds (A. kolomikta × A. arguta var. hypoleuca, A. kolomikta × A. polygama, and A. kolomikta × A. rufa). These results could be a basis for future edible Actinidia crop breeding programs using A. kolomikta and interspecific hybridization.

著者

林 孝洋 宮田 弘恵 小西 国義

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.135-141, 1992 (Released:2008-05-15)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 5

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シュッコンカスミソウを時期を変えて栽培し, その花序の発達と構成の変化から, 花序発達の規則性と可変性を明らかにしようとした. シュッコンカスミソウの花序はユニット (岐散花序) の集合体と考えられる.そこで調査は, 栽培環境に対する花序構成の変化がよくわかるように, シュート全体とユニットの二つの階層で行った.花序発達にいくつかの規則性が認められた. シュートレベルでは, 主茎および側枝の断面積と着花した小花数の間に高い相関関係があった. またユニットレベルでも, 花序軸の直径と分化した小花の最高次数, 小花数, 新鮮重との間に高い相関関係が認められた.花序発達の栽培環境に対応する可変性は非常に大きかった. 春から夏にかけて定植時期が遅くなるほど,到花日数が少なく低節位で花芽分化し, 茎長が短く,生重が小さく, 側枝および小花が少なくなった. 一方ユニットは, 定植時期が遅くなるにつれ, 花序軸が太く, 生重が大きく, 小花の分化次数が高ぐ, 小花数が多くなった. ユニットの数と大きさは相反する形質として季節変動した.

著者

土井 元章 武田 恭明 浅平 端

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.621-626, 1990 (Released:2007-07-05)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3 1

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シュッコンカスミソウ‘ブリストル•フェアリー’の露地栽培における花芽の形成過程を走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察した.低温遭遇量の多い苗では, 花芽の形成は茎長が18cmに達した4月15日から20日にかけて始まり, その後がく片, 花弁が形成され4月30日前後に頂花において雄ずいが形成された. 5月5日から10日にかけて, 外見的には出ちい期を迎え, 頂花において雌ずいの形成が観察された. その後, 雌ずいが伸長し, 雄ずいの花弁化, ならびに花弁, 雄ずいの伸長へと進み, がく片が展開して5月30日には開花に至った.一方, 低温遭遇量の少ない苗では, 花芽の形成開始が遅くなり, また下位節では花芽形成が起こらなかったが, 花芽形成開始後の頂花における花器原基の形成や発育は低温遭遇量の多い苗の場合と同様に進行した.

著者

加藤 忠司 山県 真人 塚原 貞雄

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE

雑誌

園芸学会雑誌 (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.17-22, 1984 (Released:2007-07-05)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

4 6

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21年生普通ウンシュウミカン樹 (杉山系) より2~3年生枝を一年を通じて採取し, 芽, 葉, 2~3年生部位の皮質部及び木質部に分別した後, 主要な窒素成分の含有量を調べた. 多くの窒素成分が周年変化を示し, 旧器官においては発芽期(4月上中旬)に最高含有量を, 新梢の発達が終わる時期(7月)に最低含有量を示した. これに対し新生葉では最低値が9月に認められた.皮質部と木質部では70%アルコール不溶窒素成分 (主体はタンパク質) 含有量の減少に先立って全窒素及び可溶窒素の一時的増加が発芽時に認められ, 可溶成分にあっては遊離アルギニン及びプロリン, 特にアルギニンの一時的増加が顕著であった. 一方新芽では発芽に伴ってプロリン含有量の急激な減少と, アルギニンの一時的な著しい増加が認められた. これらの現象はまず遊離プロリンとアルギニンが新梢の形成に窒素源として使われ,次いでタンパク態窒素が利用されることを示唆している. 旧葉における主要窒素成分含量の減少は5月上旬に始まり, 7月までに全窒素の約16% (乾物当たり) が減少した. このうちの約40%は遊離プロリン窒素で占められた. これらすべての主要成分は全部位で秋から冬にかけて増加し, 特に皮質部及び葉におけるプロリンの増加が顕著であった.

著者

Yoshikuni Kitamura Tetsuya Hattori Kaori Mogami Takashi Fudano Mariko Uehara

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-152, (Released:2018-04-25)

被引用文献数

2

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Hydrangea (Hydrangea spp.) flower buds usually differentiate from the end of summer through autumn, but some cultivars can also produce flower buds in spring. In the present study, we selected cultivars with high potential for such unseasonable flower bud production in Japan by evaluating the flower bud production on pinch-treatment-induced axillary shoots. We also examined the pinching time and the difference between the two shoot types: previously formed shoots that developed from buds formed in the previous autumn and basal shoots that formed in the current spring. We found that ‘Christmas’, ‘Endless Summer’, and ‘Rosea’ had the highest frequencies of unseasonable flower bud production on the axillary shoots of previously formed shoots (90.0%, 80.0%, and 90.0%, respectively) and basal shoots (90.0% for all three cultivars). When the buds were pinched in mid-April, the axillary shoots that formed on both shoot types flowered from early July to mid-August, which was approximately 1 month later than for seasonably produced flower buds in the same cultivars. In 2011, 98.0%, 90.5%, and 84.0% of the axillary shoots that developed on previously formed shoots flowered in ‘Christmas’, ‘Endless Summer’, and ‘Rosea’, respectively, while in 2012, 63.2%, 54.9%, and 75.3% flowered, respectively. Similar values were seen for the basal shoots, with the exception of ‘Christmas’ in 2011 and ‘Endless Summer’ in 2012, which both had lower flowering rates than previously formed shoots. In ‘Rosea’, flower bud differentiation started just after the pinch treatment, and the frequency of flower bud production decreased when the pinch treatment was conducted after late April. Thus, ‘Christmas’, ‘Endless Summer’, and ‘Rosea’ were considered to have high potential for unseasonable flowering following pinch treatment in early spring. However, unseasonable flower bud production may often be suppressed in pinched basal shoots.