著者
小俣 利男
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.121, no.4, pp.699-716, 2012

&emsp;The discipline of geography in Russia has evolved during the twenty years since the systemic transformation of Russia following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Viewed from a historical perspective, geography has undergone distinct changes throughout the Imperial, Soviet, and current Russian eras. In this sense, the history of geography in Russia is richer and more complex than it may seem at first glance. When discussing the present situation of geography in Russia, it is important to consider historical continuity and discontinuity. Accordingly, this paper examines the present situation of geography in Russia, partly by adopting a historical approach, based primarily on previous literature.<br>&emsp;The following main characteristics of geography in Russia were identified. Russia has two kinds of scientific center&mdash;the Academy of Sciences and the universities&mdash;in addition to its famous Geographical Society and large national territory. As a result, Russia has become one of the world leaders in the fields of geography and geographical education. Russian geography includes a wide range of fields of geography, known in Russia as the &ldquo;geographical sciences,&rdquo; and has experienced ecologization since the late 1970s. The influence of the systemic transformation on geography, although it varies by field, has not completely ceased today. Recently, new sources of support for the development of geography have emerged. One of the factors involved in most of the above-mentioned characteristics is the relationship between geography and the government. This concept is used to explain changes in the discipline of geography from the Imperial era to the present.
著者
大村 纂
出版者
公益社団法人 東京地学協会
雑誌
地學雜誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.121, no.4, pp.626-634, 2012

&emsp;The article presents a summary of the development of geography in Switzerland since the late 19th century. After initial development placed weight on physical geography, there was a period after the Second World War until the early 1970s when human geography blossomed, mainly because of the need for regional planning. During the 1970s, geography in Switzerland searched for a new direction either as an environmental science or as a part of the Earth sciences. In a method-oriented development, satellite-based remote sensing and computer-based Geographic Information System were actively introduced. During the last thirty years, the field of physical geography has been productive, while human geography has failed to establish itself either as an environmental science or a scientific discipline with a global perspective. Notable accomplishments at universities in Berne and Zurich, as well as at the Federal Institute of Technology (E.T.H.), are summarized. Coordinated contributions that are internationally acknowledged have been made in various fields of climatology and geomorphology. Furthermore, the teaching of geography at Swiss high schools and teaching training methods at universities are outlined.
著者
関口 正之
雑誌
美術研究 = The bijutsu kenkiu : the journal of art studies
巻号頁・発行日
no.321, pp.15-24, 1982-09-30

Part I and Part II of this paper appear in Nos. 317 and 319 of the Bijutsu Kenkyu. In the present part the subjects of Scrolls 6, 7 and 8 are described. Scroll 6 is the scene of Suppression of Demons. At the center of the picture is the troop of the Demon King attacking Śākyamuni. The heads of the arrows shot toward Śākyamuni are trasformed into lotus flowers. The three daughters of the Demon King are depicted at the lower left of the picture ; the daughters transformed into old women by Śākyamuni are at the middle of the bottom; and Pṛthivi who has appeared to prove the righteousness of Śākyamuni is at the lower right. The depiction of Pșthivī whose upper half of the body is emerging from the earth like this is rare. Furthermore, the figure of Śākyamuni meditating for seven days after the demon-suppression is added at the right hand side of the picture in a small size. Scroll 7 is the scene of King Bimbisāra's Conversion to Śākyamuni's Teaching after hearing his sermon. In the upper part of the picture is depicted the audience in front of Śākyamuni, including the king and his ministers, and elephant carriages and attendants waiting the return of the king are in the lower half. Behind Śākyamuni is Gṛdhrakūta Mountain with its eagle-headed peak, suggesting that Śākyamuni is preaching. Also, the wheels of law painted between Śākyamuni and the kings symbolize his preaching. Scroll 8 is a visualization of three stories concerning the Nirvāṇa. The entire left half of the picture plane is devoted to a minute depiction of the Nirvāṇa scene which embodies details like Mahāmāyā with her attendants and the old women near Sākyamuni's feet. The lower right of the picture plane is the cremation of Śākyamuni. Here, as MahāKāśyapa, who could not come to see Śākyamuni upon his deathbed, worships the coffin placed on firewood, feet of Śākyamuni appear from the coffin. The upper right is the scene of distribution of Śākyamuni's relics in which a brāhmaṇa Droṇa divides the relics.
出版者
科学新興社
巻号頁・発行日
1966
著者
新井 教之
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
日本地理学会発表要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, 2019

<p>サモアの地理教育の特色について,サモアの社会科,地理のシラバスや教科書をもとに分析を行った。サモアの地理教育はニュージーランドやオーストラリアの影響を受けていること,地球温暖化の対応など理科的な要素も強い特徴があった。</p>
著者
岩崎 允胤
出版者
北海道大學文學部
雑誌
北海道大學文學部紀要 (ISSN:04376668)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1, pp.71-93, 1971-03-30