著者
藤井 義明 児玉 淳一 福田 大祐
出版者
土木学会
雑誌
土木学会年次学術講演会講演概要集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2018, no.73, pp.285-286, 2018-08-31

人類の存亡に関わる巨大災害として小惑星の衝突・破局噴火・都市直下型地震・海溝型の巨大地震などが挙げられる。小惑星については、既に衝突を予防するための研究が開始されている。噴火や地震については、これらの予知が可能で、かつ、住民の避難に成功したところで、主に人的被害が減るだけで、インフラは壊滅する。ところが、これらを制御、さらに予防することができれば、被害はゼロになる。そこで、ここでは、超臨界発電を用いた破局噴火の予防、注水による直下型地震の予防、地下核爆発を用いた巨大地震の予防について提案し、コストとリスクについて検討する。
著者
高橋 一幸
巻号頁・発行日
2019-03

Supervisor: 池田 心
著者
長峯 信彦
出版者
早稲田大学法学会
雑誌
早稲田法学 (ISSN:03890546)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.4, pp.161-245, 1995-03-25
著者
比樂 憲一
出版者
福岡教育大学大学院教育学研究科教職実践専攻
雑誌
福岡教育大学大学院教育学研究科教職実践専攻(教職大学院)年報 = Bulletin of Fukuoka University of Education Graduate School of Education Division of Professional Practice in Education (ISSN:21860351)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.119-126, 2015-03-23

本研究では,小学校 4 年「もののあたたまり方」の学習において,概念生態系の視点を援用することで, 単元前後の学習者の概念の実態を分析した。そして,実践した授業が,「もののあたたまり方」における科学的な概念の適用者数および受容者数を増加させ,それ以外の概念の適用者数および受容者数を減少させる上で,効果的であることを明らかにした。また,その 効果をもたらした要因として,本実践における以下の 2 点が挙げられることが示唆された。 (1) 単元学習前に,物質の状態の特徴に関する情報を先行して与えた後,もののあたたまり方を捉えさせる。(2) 水および空気のあたたまり方(対流)の指導において,あたたまり方の過程と結果を明確 にして捉えさせる。ここから,学習者の科学的な概念構成を促すために,必要な情報を先行的に導入したり, 自然の事物・現象や自然についての考えを時系列で具体的に表現させたりする指導の重要性が示された。
著者
大谷 禎之介
出版者
法政大学経済学部学会
雑誌
経済志林 = The Hosei University Economic Review (ISSN:00229741)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.1・2, pp.1-77, 2005-07-30

In Japanese translations of Marx' works, the word "assoziiert" (associated) in the attributive usage is interpreted sometimes in the passive sense. Such translations seem to have led to misunderstandings regarding Marx' notion of "association" as the unique form of our future society. Marx used the word "assoziiert" (associated) as an attributive participle solely in the active sense, whereas the word "kombiniert" (combined) was almost always used as an attributive participle in the passive sense. This means that "assoziierte Individuen" (associated individuals) are individuals who have actively and consciously joined themselves together as the subject, while "combined laborer" refers to the laborers as a whole, made up of individuals whose labor-power was purchased separately and who were then united into a single unit and put to use as a joint social power within a workshop or factory―either by a capitalist as the personification of capital or a joint-stock-company as associated capitalists. In this matter it is essential to recognize that there is a group of past participles that are not derived from transitive verbs. There are some reflexive verbs in German, some pronominal verbs in French, and also some intransitive verbs in English, whose past participles can qualify a noun attributively. However, not only in English, but also in German as well as in French, these participles cannot be distinguished, in terms of their external form, from transitive verbs, because their reflexive pronoun is dropped when they are used attributively. The attributive participle assoziiert in German, associé in French, and associated in English, which Marx used often in his works, are all fundamentally examples of such verbs. For instance, in the expression "associated individuals," the subject associating actively is each of the "individuals," not any external power. The core of Marx' idea of "association" as the future society is that "free laboring-individuals" make up this society by "associating" subjectively, consciously, and therefore actively. In this article I explain not only the distinctions and connections between laborers passively being "combined" by capital to form the "total laborer," and the active "associating" of individual producers to form an "association," while also discussing the natural course through which the former should precisely produce the latter. In an addendum, I investigate the meaning and context in which Marx and Engels used the word "Vergesellschaftung" (socialization) and "vergesellschaftet" (socialized) in their works. With this small study, which is chiefly limited to language-related matters, I have sought to further clarify Marx' idea "association" by eradicating possible misunderstanding related to the meaning of the attributive participle "associated."
著者
彭 新勇
出版者
大阪府立大学大学院人間社会学研究科
雑誌
人間社会学研究集録 (ISSN:1880683X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, pp.137-158, 2007-03-31

There has been a tremendous amount of research on the first vernacular novel of modern Chinese literature, A Madman's Diary. Taking as its focus the controversy regarding the image of the Madman and the writing methods of the novel among literary circles since the 1950s, and on the basis of the systematic combing and definition of Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of the polyphonic novel, this paper attempts to analyze the polyphonic characteristics of the novel and to discover the multiple factors in the formation of the polyphonic characters of Luxun's novel in particular. Defining A Madman's Diary as a polyphonic novel reveals the absence of the author's privileged position and the relative equality of status between the author and the protagonist, asserting that the real purpose of the novel is not to depict the character, but to show the contradictory relationship between the self-consciousness and the internal-dialog-like opposition. This kind of literary thinking would upset the traditional reading of the novel as one stamped with the author's opinions and would provide a new explanation of the novel. The theory of the polyphonic novel is still at a tentative stage, and is by no means without contention. In attempting to introduce the theory into the research of Luxun's works, I believe that it will become the new topic of modern Chinese literature research.