著者

片岡 徳雄

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.193-208, 1961-10-20

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We have many researches about "influences of mass-communication upon children. These studies have taken, I think, a grave view of the forces of circumstance. Therefore, first, they found out the correlation between mass-communication and children, but not the causal relation; second they seemed to assume the 'direct' influences upon children through mass-media. To analyze the influences of mass-communication upon children we must distinguish pre-existing relations from after-effects brought about by mass-media, and set the intervening variables-e.g. the reference group or the interpersonal relations-between mass-media and children. Thus, according to the Katz and Lazarsfeld's assumption-'the two step flow of communication'-, I want to investigate two following social events, and to illustrate the relations about mass-communication, small group and children: 1) the participation by the senior high school students in the demonstration of the struggle against Revision of the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty. 2) some of cants among the school children influenced through the catch-phrases, which were used by some of the comic talents of TV. From the first study, I clarify that some of the senior high-school students who regarded their family as their reference group seemed to take part in the demonstrations, and the others who regarded their friends as their reference group seemed not. From the second, I illustrate that the children set a high value on the comic talent's cants in their play group, but set a low value on the cants in their study group.

著者

岡沢 薫

出版者

慶應義塾大学

雑誌

哲學 (ISSN:05632099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, pp.115-143, 1979-10

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1. 序2. コミュニケーションの『二段階流れ仮説』の誕生3. コミュニケーション二段階流れ仮説の限界4. 二段階流れ仮説の修正 1. ニューズの伝播研究 2. 説得と社会関係 3. 普及研究5. 統合理論をめざして 1. 効果のレベル・種類・程度 2. 効果単位 3. 情報のレベル・種類 4. オピニオン・リーダーの特性 5. コミュニケーション状況The aim of this report is to review the utilities of "the two-step flow of communication hypothesis," and reflect on the modification process of this model. This model was, originally, generated from the study of voter's decision-making in the 1940 presidential campaign (by Lazarsfeld, Berelson and Gaudet). According to this hypothesis, "Ideas often flow from radio and print to the opinion leaders, and from them to the less active sections of the population". The two-step flow of communication hypothesis became a major stimulus for research-fields concerning the diffusion of information, influence and innovation. Many researchers tried to test this hypothesis, and they found that this model is too simple and clear. In reality, communication process is more complex and complicated than this model. In spite of some merits, for example, device of 'panel techniques', findings of 'opinion leader' as influencer, this model, undoubtedly, has some limits. This hypothesis is mainly tested in three research fields-mass communication research, study of social relations, and diffusion research. Later scholars pointed out that "Ideas does not always flow from radio, print and TV to the opinion leader (or equivalent), and from them to the less active sections of the population"

著者

後藤 隆

出版者

日本社会事業大学

雑誌

日本社会事業大学研究紀要 (ISSN:0916765X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.111-124, 1999-12

著者

Sterne Laurence 小林 亨

出版者

駒澤大学

雑誌

駒沢大学外国語部論集 (ISSN:03899837)

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.p181-205, 1984-03

著者

坂内又蔵 著

出版者

主婦之友社

巻号頁・発行日

1926

著者

谷口 文章 タニグチ フミアキ Taniguchi Fumiaki

出版者

大阪大学文学部

雑誌

待兼山論叢. 哲学篇 (ISSN:03874818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.5-21, 1980-01

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1899年10月23日, 1899-10-23

著者

鈴木 達治郎

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.6, pp.6_14-6_19, 2013-06-01 (Released:2013-10-01)

被引用文献数

1

著者

今田 高俊

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.6, pp.6_8-6_13, 2013-06-01 (Released:2013-10-01)

著者

末内 佳代

出版者

鳴門教育大学

雑誌

鳴門教育大学研究紀要 (ISSN:18807194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.119-129, 2009

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In the second study,6 teachers qualified as clinical psychologists were interviewed based on the results of the first study. Despite of many difficulties, such as limitation of working hours, the position on the brink between as a clinical psychologist and a student's consultant, the lack of awareness of their specialty by school managers, the survey was conducted. We mainly focused the following3points;(1) the way of having relationship with students and their parents,(2) the way of involving with school managers and their colleagues,(3) the way to approach their community.Results revealed that the teachers work hard and use their flexibilities as "specialists in human communication" (Kawai,2001) in their classrooms, especially in special supportive education, school counseling rooms, and local communities. Moreover, they try very hard to facilitate interactions with students, parents, school staffs, and people from other organizations and they work consistently.

著者

山下 一夫 末内 佳代 小坂 浩嗣

出版者

鳴門教育大学

雑誌

鳴門教育大学研究紀要 (ISSN:18807194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.108-118, 2009

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The field survey, named as Survey I, was conducted at schools of all three levels as well as specialneeds schools in order to analyze present situations. These studies were carried out to investigate the present situation and issues about the teachers qualified as clinical psychologists who finished the Graduate School of Naruto Univesity of Education.The questionnaire was focused on teachres' works, worries, worthwhile activities among school management and their shifts of minds and benefits after acquiring their qualification as a clinical psychologist. Questionnaires were given to 34 teachers, at schools of all three levels, and special-needs schools and 21 answers were received. (response rate of 62%). The results from the survey were as follows:(1) 76% of the respondents were aged over 40, (2) most of them work as "an educational consultant" (42%) and "a coordinator for special supportive education" (32%), (3) 84% of schools have a guidance or counseling room at their own schools, (4) most of their activities as clinical psychologists are counseling and community psychological supports for schools and their local communities, on the other hand, psychological assessments and research activities were not often conducted as a part of their works, (5) the limitation of their working hours and their positions on the brink between a clinical psychologist and a student's consultant at school are their major concerns, (6) the worthwhile activities in their works were to make their students or their parents change their feelings by their approach, (7) their shifts of minds can be found inthe way of having relationship with students and their parents using clinical psychological approach.

著者

沢田順次郎 著

出版者

新興社

巻号頁・発行日

1933

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1896年02月26日, 1896-02-26

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1930年08月09日, 1930-08-09

著者

永井 純一

出版者

日本ポピュラ-音楽学会

雑誌

ポピュラ-音楽研究 (ISSN:13439251)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.96-111, 2006

著者

沢口 俊之 宮藤 浩子

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.48-58, 1987 (Released:2009-09-07)

参考文献数

84

被引用文献数

8 5

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Sociobiology and Japanese primate sociology are discussed to develop theories on evolution of social structures and behaviors in primates. Central problems on applying sociobiology to the primate evolution may be concepts of phenotype and selection pressure. Phenotypes for primate social structures and behaviors would be correlated each others (multi-polar), and be hierarchically organized (multi-level). For the selection pressure, “active selection pressures”, such as species recognition and sociality, may be critical for the primate evolution. Since the “active selection pressure” has properties of phenotype, we insist “dualism” of the active selection pressure and phenotype could be a critical mechanism of the primate evolution. On the other hand, primate sociology, which has been leaded by Imanishi, is characterized by its idea of “holism”that individuals serve the prosperity of species. Although Imanishi's primate sociology has been pointed out to differ from sociobiology in several points, we consider that it can be fruitfully reconstructed in the framework of neo-Darwinism when the idea of “holism” is abundant. Further, Itani has shown basic social units as the phylogenetic constraint. Since the phenotypic dynamic theory of neo-Darwinism involves phylogenetic constraint, it could reveal evolution of primate social structures. Thus, Imanishi's primate sociology and Itani's theory could be reconstructed in the framework of neo-Darwinism. The reconstruction would be fruitful to develop theories on evolutionary mechanisms of social structures and behaviors in primates.

著者

中村 晋 室久 敏三郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.9, pp.702-717,728-72, 1970

被引用文献数

2

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1)そば粉を摂取しあるいは吸入することによつて典型的アレルギー症状(鼻炎, 結膜炎, 喘息, 蕁麻疹, 胃腸症)を呈したと考えられる3例を経験し, アレルギー学的検索を試みたのでその成績を報告した.2)そばアレルギーの症候学的特徴につき文献的考察を試み, 筆者の経験を加味してそばアレルギーの典型的症候像を打ち出した.3)そばによる過敏症状は抗原抗体反応による典型的アレルギー反応と考えられ, 仮性アレルギーとしての意義は少く, また精神身体医学的因子が関与しないことを諸種アレルギー学的検査成績などより指摘した.4)本報告の症例3はそば屋に調理師として就業後9年という感作期間を経て発病した職業性そばアレルギーの貴重な症例であつて, わが国には未だ同様の症例の報告がない.5)そばアレルギー患者にX線透視下でそば添加造影剤を与え, 胃腸通過状況を検したところ, 対照に比して胃の著明な蠕動亢進があり、胃排出時間はむしろ短縮, 回盲部進入時間は著明に延長, 大腸通過は速いという結果が得られた.6)そばアレルギーの合理的かつ効果的治療法はまず抗原の除去ないし回避であり, 可及的に抗原よりの離脱をはからねばならないこと, 症例3のごとく職業上抗原に曝露を免れ難いものでは職場転換を考慮すべきで, これが不可能な時に減感作療法の適応となることを強調した.

著者

広田 君義 藤沢 等

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.73-82, 1974-03-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

25

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This paper would point out some problems of the models of Impression formation under the traditional point of view. One of the problems may be stemed from the one-dimensional point of view to the scale. The model, therefore, would be constructed from the multi-dimensional point of view. The other may be in the weight factor, so, in this paper, it would define that the weight is the degree of relevance with respect to the meaning factor of the stimulus word. After these considerations, it would represent a new progressive redundancy model, and that would be firmed by experiment and computer simulation. The feature of this model lies in that it reduces the impression to the common meaning factors and unique meaning factors based on factor analytic method.

著者

Atsushi KOBAYASHI Yukari SATO Fumio MIZUTANI

出版者

(社)日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.11, pp.2392-2396, 2001 (Released:2002-08-30)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

9

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The adsorption properties, amount and specific activity of lipase D from Rhizopus delemar were investigated by employing a gold substrate modified with seven kinds of thiol monolayer. Quartz crystal microbalance measurements revealed that the amount of the enzyme adsorbed to the hydrophobic monolayers (e.g. benzenethiol) was much higher than that to the hydrophilic monolayers (e.g. 3-mercaptopropanoic acid). In contrast, lipase D adsorbed to the hydrophilic, 2-amino-1-ethanethiol monolayer showed the highest specific activity, the value being 300-fold higher than for the same enzyme dissolved in an aqueous medium.

著者

小滝 國雄

出版者

海人社

雑誌

世界の艦船

巻号頁・発行日

no.639, pp.76-81, 2005-03