著者
Soichiro Saeki Mizuki Iwata Rie Tomizawa Kaori Minamitani
出版者
National Center for Global Health and Medicine
雑誌
Global Health & Medicine (ISSN:24349186)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.6, pp.341-346, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-26)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
9

Language barriers negatively affect patient outcomes, and linguistic assistance is essential for adequate healthcare. The adoption of face-to-face medical interpretating is believed to have been rendered more challenging by the implementation of hospital admission restrictions following the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). On the other hand, remote interpretating can be implemented using merely equipment, enabling it to be introduced without being impacted by the transmission of illness, and its use may have spread globally. To comprehend how COVID-19 has impacted remote interpreting utilization and what issues have arisen, we conducted a systematic review of two databases, PubMed and Ichushi-web (Japanese medical literature) with "remote interpreting" and "COVID-19" as keywords in June, 2022. Five references were included in the review. The research supported an increase in remote interpreting during COVID-19 to limit the risk of infection. This change in the trend of medical interpreting has the potential of promoting remote medical interpreting for places lacking sufficient linguistically skilled human resources, regardless of the pandemic status. There have also been accounts of novel methods of remote medical interpretation in which neither the healthcare professional nor the interpreter was face-to-face with the patient, and difficulty was acknowledged by both the healthcare professional and the patient with remote interpreting. To fully take advantage of the possibilities of remote interpreting, additional training and support would be required. Further studies are also required to determine the best way to employ this technology.
著者
塩谷 碩彬 那須野 薫 松尾 豊
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第31回 (2017)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2B14, 2017 (Released:2018-07-30)

深層強化学習は学習に多くの試行回数を必要とする。この問題を緩和する方法としてモデルベース強化学習があり、さらにモデルフリーの強化学習を組み合わせることで環境のモデルによる方策への制約を緩和しようという試みがある。本研究ではモデルベース学習を活用してモデルフリーの深層強化学習の手法であるDeep Deterministic Policy Gradientのサンプル効率が改善されるか否かを分析する。
著者
隅田 大勇 竹川 高志
雑誌
研究報告数理モデル化と問題解決(MPS) (ISSN:21888833)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2022-MPS-138, no.23, pp.1-6, 2022-06-20

機械学習モデルの精度を向上させるためには,使用するモデルの特徴,およびデータのドメイン知識を踏まえたうえで特徴量エンジニアリングを行うことが重要である.機械学習モデルを構築する者がデータのドメイン知識を深く理解していない場合は,関連する知見の調査が必要である.そもそも得られたデータの変数間の因果関係が不明である場合は,詳細な探索的データ分析を行う必要がある.本研究ではデータからそのデータの変数間の因果グラフを推定する統計的因果探索の手法である LiNGAM を用いた特徴量選択と交互作用項の生成を組み合わせることによって,予測モデルの精度を向上させることができた.
著者
雑賀 あずさ 國澤 純
出版者
日本耳鼻咽喉科免疫アレルギー感染症学会
雑誌
日本耳鼻咽喉科免疫アレルギー感染症学会誌 (ISSN:24357952)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.4, pp.141-145, 2022 (Released:2022-12-28)
参考文献数
10

食品成分や腸内細菌から形成される腸内環境は,我々の健康維持において重要な役割を担う。特に,食品由来の脂質に含まれる脂肪酸は,生体や腸内細菌を介した代謝により機能性脂肪酸代謝物に変換され,アレルギーや炎症反応に関わる免疫機構など様々な生理機能に影響を与える。一方,食品成分を基質として生体内で代謝・産生される機能性代謝物の産生能力は,我々自身や腸内細菌がもつ代謝酵素の活性を中心に様々な要因の影響を受けて決定される。従って,有益な生理機能を発揮する代謝物を生体内で産生できない場合には,期待通りの健康効果を得ることができないと予想される。つまり,一般に健康に有益な効果をもたらすことが知られている機能性食品素材においても,摂取した際の健康効果には,代謝の違いにより個人差が生じると考えられる。本稿では,腸内環境を介して産生される機能性代謝物のうち,食事性脂質由来のオメガ3脂肪酸を基質として産生される脂肪酸代謝物が持つ免疫制御機構について,新規医薬品素材や機能性食品素材としての応用展開の可能性を含めて紹介する。さらに,腸内細菌叢を含めた個人差を考慮した層別化・個別化栄養システムに向けての取り組みについて,我々が得た最新の知見を交えて紹介する。
著者
野口 嘉一
出版者
一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会
雑誌
燃料協会誌 (ISSN:03693775)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.2, pp.84-91, 1990-02-20 (Released:2010-06-28)
被引用文献数
1

In Japan, combustion modification and SCR process are widely applied for NO control in thermal power plants. By combustion modification, 50-70% of NOx can be reduced to 40-60 ppm for gas-fired, 80-120ppm for oil-fired and 150-200ppm for coal-fired boilers. Recently, in-furnace NOx reduction techniques such as IFR, three-stage combustion are also developed. When further NOx reduction is needed, flue gas treatment technologies such as SCR should be used. Simultaneous SO2 and NOx control processes using activated char or electron beam being developed for cost reduction. NOx control technologies may become more important in many countries to solve acid rain problem.
著者
井上 あずみ
出版者
日本コミュニケーション障害学会
雑誌
コミュニケーション障害学 (ISSN:13478451)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.3, pp.145-153, 2003-12-30 (Released:2009-11-19)
参考文献数
12

我々は言語発達遅滞児の視覚的弁別や単語の聴覚的理解・表出訓練で,はめ板や絵カードを用いている.しかし健常児のそれらの課題における達成度の詳細なデータは少ない.本研究は,1,2歳台児の健常児52名を対象とし,はめ板・絵カードを用いて,(1)事物名称の聴覚的理解と表出の習得年齢,(2)事物絵の視覚的弁別の習得年齢について調査し,さらに(3)健常児における聴覚的理解と視覚的弁別の関係を明らかにすること,また(4)対照群として生活年齢2歳2ヵ月から4歳4ヵ月で,発達年齢1歳前半から2歳後半の言語発達遅滞児12名についても同様の検査の一部を施行し,健常児と比較検討することを目的とした.その結果,本研究で用いた課題では聴覚的理解と視覚的弁別の関係は,健常児は2歳になると両者に差がなく発達するが,言語発達遅滞児の中には,比較的良好な視覚的弁別に比し,聴覚的理解が遅れるという健常児と異なる発達様相を呈す事例がみられた.
著者
浦野 由紀子
出版者
有斐閣
雑誌
ジュリスト (ISSN:04480791)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1422, pp.2-6, 2011-05-01
著者
Nobuyuki Matsuda
出版者
The Japan Society of Applied Physics
雑誌
Photonics Review (ISSN:27580059)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2022, pp.220205, 2022 (Released:2022-12-29)
参考文献数
31

Entangled photons play vital roles in photonic quantum information science and technology. We describe the fundamentals and status of correlated and entangled photon sources for quantum information processing as well as our development of the source on a silicon photonic chip.
著者
Shasha Wang Yohei Koide Yuji Kishima
出版者
The Genetics Society of Japan
雑誌
Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.97, no.4, pp.177-184, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-12-17)
参考文献数
31

The transposon Tam3 of Antirrhinum (snapdragon) has acquired properties that distinguish it from other transposons. Mobile DNA, commonly referred to as a transposable element or transposon, is considered to be synonymous with a selfish factor. That is, a transposable element increases in copy number and moves copies of itself independently of the survival of the host organism. Therefore, the host collectively regulates the transposition activities of most transposable elements in its genome by epigenetic means. However, our analyses of the structure and behavior of Tam3, as shown by the following five results, provide evidence that it does not behave in a selfish manner in relation to the host. 1) Active transposable elements normally increase the abundance of their non-autonomous elements, whereas Tam3 is known to have no non-autonomous elements, and a limited number of around 10 copies of autonomous elements present in the genome have been isolated as active copies. 2) Tam3 does not transpose at 25 ℃, which is the optimal growth temperature for Antirrhinum. Transposition of Tam3 occurs only at low temperatures of about 15 ℃, which is stressful for Antirrhinum. 3) Few strains of Antirrhinum have been found to contain genes that specifically suppress Tam3 transposition. 4) Most of the Tam3 insertions found in Antirrhinum genes do not affect the host genome, and the expression of these host genes is not completely suppressed. 5) Transcription and translation of the Tam3 transposase gene are not epigenetically regulated by the host. These five experimental results constitute evidence that Tam3 retains features that are dissimilar to those of many other transposons and that it does not behave in a selfish manner that is detrimental to the survival of the host. In this review, we consider what kinds of behavior are required if transposons are to establish a mutually beneficial relationship with their hosts, with reference to Tam3.
著者
宮内 俊慈 Shunji Miyauchi
出版者
関西外国語大学留学生別科
雑誌
関西外国語大学留学生別科日本語教育論集 (ISSN:24324574)
巻号頁・発行日
no.26, pp.41-62, 2016

関西外国語大学留学生別科の中級後期のクラスにおいては、2008年度より本校教員の髙屋敷(2012)により開発されたモジュール型教科書を使ってきた。当教科書は、ドラマを対象としたUnit7を除き全6ユニットから成り立っているが、2014年の夏にUnit1の改訂を行い、秋学期に試用を行い学生の評価を実施した。続く2015年の夏にUnit6の改訂を行い、その秋から試用を始め、この中級後期の教科書に対する学生間の評価を調査し、その結果を前回(25号)の紀要で報告した。さらに、2016年の夏にUnit4の改訂を行い、秋学期に試用し学生への調査を行った。本稿で、その調査結果の詳細の報告をする。
著者
Itaru Miura Masanori Nagao Hironori Nakano Kanako Okazaki Fumikazu Hayashi Mayumi Harigane Shuntaro Itagaki Hirooki Yabe Masaharu Maeda Tetsuya Ohira Tetsuo Ishikawa Seiji Yasumura Kenji Kamiya
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.Supplement_XII, pp.S95-S103, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数
34
被引用文献数
4

Background: The relationship between radiation levels and mental health status after a nuclear disaster is unknown. We examined the association between individual external radiation doses and psychological distress or post-traumatic stress after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in March 2011 in Japan.Methods: The Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey was conducted from January 2012. Based on the estimated external radiation doses for the first 4 months, a total of 64,184 subjects were classified into <1 mSv, 1 to <2 mSv, and ≥2 mSv groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress, with the <1 mSv group as the reference, were calculated using logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, evacuation, perception of radiation risk, and subjective health status.Results: The prevalence of psychological distress/post-traumatic stress in the <1 mSv, 1 to <2 mSv, and ≥2 mSv groups was 15.1%/22.1%, 14.0%/20.1%, and 15.0%/21.7%, respectively. In women, although the ≥2 mSv group tended to have a higher risk of psychological distress with the age-adjusted OR of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.99–1.30), the adjusted OR decreased to 1.00 (95% CI, 0.86–1.16) after controlling for all variables. On the other hand, there were no dose-dependent associations between radiation dose and post-traumatic stress.Conclusion: Although external radiation doses were not associated with psychological distress, evacuation and perception of radiation risk may increase the risk of psychological distress in women in the higher dose group.
著者
Akira Sakai Masanori Nagao Hironori Nakano Tetsuya Ohira Tetsuo Ishikawa Mitsuaki Hosoya Michio Shimabukuro Atsushi Takahashi Junichiro J. Kazama Kanako Okazaki Fumikazu Hayashi Seiji Yasumura Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.Supplement_XII, pp.S84-S94, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
6

Background: Associations have been reported between lifestyle-related diseases and evacuation after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). However, the relationship between lifestyle-related diseases and the effective radiation dose due to external exposure (EDEE) after the GEJE remains unclear.Methods: From among 72,869 residents of Fukushima Prefecture (31,982 men; 40,887 women) who underwent a comprehensive health check in fiscal year (FY) 2011, the data of 54,087 residents (22,599 men; 31,488 women) aged 16 to 84 years were analyzed. The EDEE data of 25,685 residents with incomplete results from the basic survey, performed to estimate the external radiation exposure dose, were supplemented using multiple imputation. The data were classified into three groups based on EDEE (0 to <1, 1 to <2, and ≥2 mSv groups and associations between the incidence of diseases and EDEE from FY2011 to FY2017 were examined using a Cox proportional hazards model, with FY2011 as the baseline.Results: A higher EDEE was associated with a greater incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, liver dysfunction, and polycythemia from FY2011 to FY2017 in the age- and sex-adjusted model. However, after further adjustment for evacuation status and lifestyle-related factors, the significant associations disappeared. No association was found between EDEE and other lifestyle-related diseases.Conclusion: EDEE was not directly associated with the incidence of lifestyle-related diseases after the GEJE. However, residents with higher external radiation doses in Fukushima Prefecture might suffer from lifestyle-related diseases related to evacuation and the resultant lifestyle changes.