著者
新井 雅 余川 茉祐
出版者
一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会
雑誌
教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.4, pp.389-403, 2022-12-30 (Released:2022-12-30)
参考文献数
47

本研究では,小学生を対象に,自殺予防の保護因子としての援助要請に焦点をあて,それらに関わる態度やスキルの向上をねらいとする心理教育プログラム(SOS の出し方・受け止め方に関する教育)の効果を検討し,今後の自殺予防教育への示唆を得ることを目的とした。計2回の授業から構成されるプログラムを学級単位で実施し,友人・教師に対する被援助志向性,援助要請スキル,友人に対する援助スキルを測定する尺度を用いた自記式質問紙により効果検討を行った。対象となった小学5, 6年生111名のデータを用いて解析を行った結果,援助要請スキルや友人に対する援助スキルなどにおいてプログラムの肯定的な効果が示された一方,友人に対する被援助志向性の一部の下位尺度では男子児童と女子児童で効果の及び方に違いが生じていた。また,プログラムの実施前後における援助・被援助のスキル(援助要請スキルと友人に対する援助スキル)と友人・教師に対する被援助志向性の変化の関連について,部分的に有意な結果が示され,これらの関連は特に女子児童において特徴的であった可能性が推察された。以上の結果を踏まえて,今後の小学生を対象とした自殺予防教育に関する実践および研究の発展可能性について考察した。
著者
Wei-Jie Gong Daniel Yee-Tak Fong Man-Ping Wang Tai-Hing Lam Thomas Wai-Hung Chung Sai-Yin Ho
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.12, pp.551-558, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数
59
被引用文献数
8

Background: Breakfast is deemed the most important meal of the day. We examined the prospective associations of breakfast habits with emotional/behavioral problems in adolescents and potential effect modification.Methods: 115,217 Primary 6 students (United States Grade 6; mean age, 11.9; standard deviation [SD], 0.59 years) who attended the Student Health Service of Department of Health in Hong Kong in 2004/05, 2006/07, 2008/09 were followed till Secondary 6 (United States Grade 12). Emotional/behavioral problems were biennially examined using Youth Self-Report since Secondary 2 (United States Grade 8). Lifestyles were biennially examined using standardized questionnaires since Primary 6. Prospective associations of breakfast habit with emotional/behavioral problems and potential effect modification were examined using generalized estimating equations.Results: Compared with eating breakfast at home, eating breakfast away from home was significantly associated with total emotional/behavioral problems and seven syndromes, including withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviors, and aggressive behaviors (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] 1.22–2.04), while skipping breakfast showed stronger associations with the above problems and social problems (AORs 1.34–2.29). Stronger associations were observed in younger students for total and attention problems (P < 0.03) and in those with lower weight status for delinquent behaviors (P = 0.005).Conclusion: Eating breakfast away from home and especially skipping breakfast were prospectively associated with adolescent emotional/behavioral problems. The associations weakened with increasing age for total emotional/behavioral and attention problems, and weakened with higher weight status for delinquent behaviors, highlighting the vulnerability of younger and underweight children. If the associations are causal, increasing home breakfast may reduce adolescent emotional/behavioral problems and benefit psychosocial health.
著者
荒川 友幸 和栗 夏海 Tomoyuki ARAKAWA Natsumi WAGURI
出版者
国際交流基金
雑誌
国際交流基金日本語教育紀要 (ISSN:13495658)
巻号頁・発行日
no.3, pp.123-133, 2007

カザフスタンは、日本の文化的プレゼンスが希薄で、日本語の実際的需要が希少な状況ある。日本センターの初級クラスでは、日本事情・文化紹介を授業中に行うことも重視しているため、日本語の語学学習時間数が限られてくる。そこで、『みんなの日本語』の各文法項目を重要度・難易度・使用可能性を勘案して、授業中に扱う比重を変えた。例えば、14課はテ形が最重要項目であるので、練習Aの「2.左へまがってください」は授業中に定着、使用できるところまで練習するが、「4.てつだいましょうか」は紹介するだけある。海外の現場では、日本国内の学習者向けに開発された教科書が使用されてきた。しかし、学習時間数や期間、そして学習者を取り巻く日本語環境が大きく異なることから、海外の環境に適合した教科書の開発が待たれている。本稿は、その第一歩として位置づけることもできる。
著者
Takahisa Ohta Junzo Nagashima Wataru Fukuda Hiroyuki Sasai Naokata Ishii
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.12, pp.543-550, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
1

Background: Knee extensor muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are major components of physical fitness. Because the interactive association of knee extensor muscle strength and CRF with bone health remains unclear, we aimed to investigate such association in Japanese adults.Methods: Altogether, 8,829 Japanese adults (3,731 men and 5,098 women) aged ≥45 years completed the maximum voluntary knee extension test, submaximal exercise test, medical examination, and a questionnaire on lifestyle habits. Using an osteo-sono assessment index, low bone stiffness tendency was defined as 80% under the young-adults mean. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated after confounder adjustment.Results: Overall, 542 men (14.5%) and 978 women (19.2%) had low bone stiffness tendency. We observed an inverse association between muscle strength and low bone stiffness tendency after adjustment for CRF in both sexes (P for linear trend <0.001). Compared with the lowest CRF, the multivariable ORs for low bone stiffness tendency in the highest CRF were 0.47 (95% CI, 0.36–0.62) for men and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.82–1.35) for post-menopausal women (P < 0.001 and P = 0.704, respectively). No interactive association between muscle strength and CRF for low bone stiffness tendency existed in both sexes and irrespective of menopausal status.Conclusion: Knee extensor muscle strength and CRF were associated additively, not synergistically, with bone health. Maintaining high levels of both physical fitness components may improve musculoskeletal health in the cohort. The relationship between physical fitness and bone status should be longitudinally investigated in the future.
著者
孫 知延
出版者
日本文学協会
雑誌
日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.5, pp.57-68, 2000-05-10 (Released:2017-08-01)

一九二〇年、日本留学から帰国した金一葉らによって雑誌『新女子』が創刊された。女性の文学表現の場から、女性の主体性を立ち上げてゆこうとした意図には『青鞜』の影響が確かめられる。しかし、母性に統合されてゆく面をもった『青鞜』と違い、『新女子』における女性の主体性は、民族の主体回復の啓蒙的言説、上位概念とされる民族イデオロギーによって周辺化される。そこにひそむ男性中心のジェンダー秩序、帝国のイデオロギーを探る。
著者
吉田 勝行
出版者
一般社団法人 日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.293, pp.105-115, 1980-07-30 (Released:2017-08-22)
被引用文献数
1 2

The Chokuhotai-Bunkatsu-Zu, in Japanese, mean figures which represent how to partition a rectangular prism into some small rectangular prisms. So this is a model of a building which forms of outside view and inside rooms are both rectangular prisms. In planning processes, it is possible to obtain a reasonable outline plan of a rectangular prismatic building by means of allocation of proper floor spaces and heights of each room to proper C. B. Z. which is in match with initial planning conditions. Therefore it is useful to generate with a digital computer to stock these C.B.Z. as far as possible. In this paper a C.B.Z. is put upon 3 dimensional grids and inner partition planes which are put upon each grid plane are not allowed to intersect crosswise one another. As the C.B.Z. is only utilized to the space allocation, generality is not miss on account of this rule. When a number of partition is given, each number of unit of X, Y and Z direction of a grid which includes a C.B.Z. is able to be decided. Surplus partition planes which form the grid are pulled out under the rule of partition plane joints and the grid becomes a C.B.Z. Mirror image and rotation are utilized to eliminate similar patterns. A program which is encoded of this procedure with FORTRAN IV is showed in Figure-6. This is available as a foundation of a total system which is able to generate reasonable outline plans of a building automatically through a digital computer.
著者
島田 淳
出版者
一般社団法人 日本顎関節学会
雑誌
日本顎関節学会雑誌 (ISSN:09153004)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.2, pp.45-50, 2021-08-20 (Released:2022-02-20)
参考文献数
9

顎関節症は,顎関節,咀嚼筋など運動器の機能障害であり,機能回復には運動療法が有用であるとされている。しかし顎関節症の病態に即した運動療法の手技および指導法について明確にされておらず,手技および指導法を確立していくためには症例数を増やし,それぞれの病態を詳しく評価する必要がある。そこで今回,食事のときに口が閉じなくなることを主訴に来院し,左側非復位性顎関節円板障害と診断された症例と,食事のときに口が大きく開かなくなることを主訴に来院し,左側復位性顎関節円板障害(間欠ロック),右側復位性顎関節円板障害と診断された症例に対して,開閉口運動検査時に,閉口および開口が障害された状態を再現させ,円板障害が生じる位置を確認し,その状態から関節可動域を増やすことを目的とした運動療法として関節可動域訓練を指導した。さらに術者による顎関節腔および関節可動域の拡大を目的とした運動療法として顎関節徒手的授動術を行ったところ,両者とも,閉口障害,開口障害が消失した。これらのことから,顎関節円板障害において,開口運動の量だけでなく,開閉口運動の質の評価を行い,画一的な運動療法ではなく,問題点を明確にして運動療法に反映させることが重要ではないかと思われた。
著者
堀 弘明
出版者
日本生物学的精神医学会
雑誌
日本生物学的精神医学会誌 (ISSN:21866619)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.4, pp.148-154, 2022 (Released:2022-12-25)
参考文献数
17

ストレス社会ともいわれる現代社会において,過剰なストレスからうつ状態やうつ病を呈する者は多い。ストレスやうつ病に関連して生じる生物学的異常には種々のものが報告されており,とりわけストレス応答に重要な役割を担う生体システムである視床下部‐下垂体‐副腎(HPA)系および免疫炎症系の異常が鍵を握ると考えられている。しかし,うつ病におけるHPA系や炎症系の知見には不一致が存在し,病因・病態の解明には至っていない。 筆者らは,うつ病におけるストレスの関与を明らかにすることを目的として,HPA系と炎症系を標的とした検討,および末梢血RNAを用いたデータ駆動型のトランスクリプトーム解析を行ってきた。とりわけ幼少期逆境体験やパーソナリティ特性,概日リズムに着目した検討を行った。その結果,人生早期に始まる強度のストレスや長期・反復性のストレスによって心理的・身体的なストレス脆弱性が形成されることが,うつ病発症に至る重要な経路の一つである可能性が示唆された。
著者
Hiroyuki Ohbe Yusuke Sasabuchi Ryosuke Kumazawa Hiroki Matsui Hideo Yasunaga
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.12, pp.535-542, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
14

Background: Detailed data on intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy in Japan are lacking. Using a nationwide inpatient database in Japan, we aimed to assess ICU bed occupancy to guide critical care utilization planning.Methods: We identified all ICU patients admitted from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 to ICU-equipped hospitals participating in the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database. We assessed the trends in daily occupancy by counting the total number of occupied ICU beds on a given day divided by the total number of licensed ICU beds in the participating hospitals. We also assessed ICU occupancy for patients with mechanical ventilation, patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and patients without life-supportive therapies.Results: Over the 4 study years, 1,379,618 ICU patients were admitted to 495 hospitals equipped with 5,341 ICU beds, accounting for 75% of all ICU beds in Japan. Mean ICU occupancy on any given day was 60%, with a range of 45.0% to 72.5%. Mean ICU occupancy did not change over the 4 years. Mean ICU occupancy was about 9% higher on weekdays than on weekends and about 5% higher in the coldest season than in the warmest season. For patients with mechanical ventilation, patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and patients without life-supportive therapies, mean ICU occupancy was 24%, 0.5%, and 30%, respectively.Conclusion: Only one-fourth of ICU beds were occupied by mechanically ventilated patients, suggesting that the critical care system in Japan has substantial surge capacity under normal temporal variation to care for critically ill patients.

1 0 0 0 OA 正誤表

出版者
公益財団法人 山階鳥類研究所
雑誌
山階鳥類学雑誌 (ISSN:13485032)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.1, pp.36, 2012-09-30 (Released:2015-03-13)
著者
Megumi Tsubota-Utsugi Yuki Yonekura Ruriko Suzuki Ryohei Sasaki Kozo Tanno Haruki Shimoda Akira Ogawa Seiichiro Kobayashi Kiyomi Sakata
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.12, pp.527-534, 2022-12-05 (Released:2022-12-05)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
3

Background: People with poor health or mental conditions are generally unwilling to participate in the health examinations, and no studies have directly examined the relationship of psychological distress among disaster survivors with participation status to date. The present study thus examined psychosocial differences according to the respondent status in a 5-year follow-up survey among participants in the prospective health surveys on survivors of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster study in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.Methods: We analyzed data from 10,203 Japanese survivors aged ≥18 years (mean age, 65.6 years; 38.0% men) and who underwent health examinations at baseline in 2011. Participants were classified into responders and nonresponders according to their 2015 health examination participation status. Psychological distress was evaluated using the Kessler 6 scale and categorized as none, mild, and severe. Multinominal logistic regression was used to examine the risk of psychological distress in relation to participation status.Results: In the 2015 survey, 6,334 of 6,492 responders and 1,686 of 3,356 nonresponders were analyzed. The most common reasons for nonparticipation in the survey were participated in other health examinations, examined at a hospital, and did not have time to participate. Nonresponse in males was associated only with mild psychological stress, whereas nonresponse in females was associated with mild and severe psychological distress.Conclusion: Nonresponders in the follow-up survey had a higher risk of psychological distress than responders. Continuous monitoring of the health of nonresponders and responders may help to prevent future health deterioration.
著者
本橋 紀夫 青木 吉嗣
出版者
日本神経治療学会
雑誌
神経治療学 (ISSN:09168443)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.4, pp.430-434, 2022 (Released:2022-12-27)
参考文献数
31

Muscular dystrophy is genetic muscle diseases following with progressive muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy, and the gene responsible for DMD was identified by using a positional cloning technique in 1986. Since the discovery of DMD gene, our understanding on the structure of dystrophin protein, dystrophin–associated protein complexes or pathogenesis has dramatically improved. These knowledges obtained by DMD research have provided the basis for potential therapies, and have particularly contributed to the development of therapies targeting mRNA and genomic DNA. Exon–skipping therapy using antisense nucleic acid (AON) targeting pre–mRNA has been successfully correct out–of–frame mRNAs to produce in–frame transcripts by removing an exon during splicing, with the restoration of functionally preserved dystrophin protein, and is currently approved in US and Japan. Recent advances in genetic analysis techniques including next–generation sequencing (NGS) have made it possible to identify many causative genes and proteins, to diagnose multiple types of muscular dystrophies and to develop potential therapies. In addition to DMD, novel technologies have contributed to the elucidation of pathogenesis in several muscular diseases including myotonic dystrophy (DM), Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), GNE myopathy and MELAS, paving the way for clinical research and drug discovery. We hope that further innovation will encourage the progress of basic research, and contribute to breakthrough for the development of therapies for non–curable diseases.