著者
庄司 博史 Hiroshi Shoji
出版者
国立民族学博物館
雑誌
国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.4, pp.765-801, 1998-03-31

The recent dissolution of the Soviet Union has had manifold effectson the reorganization of nations and small ethnic groups, especially inborder areas. In this article I examine problems that confront the Setos,a small Estonian subgroup in the southeastern border area of Estonia.After briefly reviewing the birth of the Estonian nation, I will describethe historical background of Petseri question, one of the Russo-Estonianterritorial disputes. I will then highlight practical problems and conflictsthat have arisen from the dispersion of the Seto community, following recentdemarcation of the border.Disintegration of the Soviet Union was definitely put into full swingby the successful departure of the three Baltic republics. Estonia, accordingto its present formal stand, should recover the whole territory as of1940, when it was annexed to the Soviet Union by military force threat.In fact, most part of Estonia's former Petseri region (Pechora in Russian), in the Southeast, has remained under de facto Russian control.Until 1920, the Petseri region was part of the Russian Pskov Province(guberniya) , but it was ceded with its inhabitants to the newly bornEstonian Republic by the Tartu Peace treaty, which recognized for thefirst time the independency of Estonia with clear borders. Almost twothirds of the approximately sixty thousand inhabitants of Petseri were,however, ethnic Russians, whereas three fourths of the remaining twentythousand Estonians were orthodox Setos. Estonia, during its shorthistory of independence, tried to integrate and 'civilise' the Setos, whohad been denigrated for example for their distinct dialect and conservativeliving traditions. Later in 1945, after reintroduction of the Sovietregime, three quaters of Petseri were again restored to Russia's PskovProvince (now termed oblast) , thus dividing the Setos into two administrativelydifferent areas.Due to the very limited sovereign controle of borders betweenformer Soviet republics, local residents could freely cross borders for dailyneeds in many areas. Setos on both sides were therefore able to keepclose contacts with each other.For local communities, real problems have only emerged in the early1990's with Estonia's splitting from the Soviet Union, and with its aspirationto recover the whole Petseri territory. Russia reacted to this invarious ways, including unilateral demarcation of a border, that dividesthe Setos into two groups that are unable to maintain regular and dailycontacts.The Setos launched efforts to preserve and activate Seto culturaltraditions in the late 1980s, and they see the present border issue as extremelythreatening to both daily life and to their cohesion as an ethnicgroup. The present paper examines the growth and vacillation of Setoethnic consciousness in the face of conflicts between Russia and Estonia.
著者
戸波 江二
出版者
早稲田大学法学会
雑誌
早稻田法學 (ISSN:03890546)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.88, no.4, pp.1-29, 2013-09-30
著者
江口 豊
出版者
北海道大学大学院メディア・コミュニケーション研究院
雑誌
メディア・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:18825303)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, pp.55-74, 2009-11-09

Wissenschaftliche Beurteilungen des um vier Jahre jüngeren Bruders von Max Weber sind sehr unterschiedlich. Besonders scharf kritisieren die heutigen Soziologen seine kultursoziologischen Werke des „praktizierenden“ Sozialwissenschaftlers und haben dessen akademische Spuren nach seinem Tod fast in die Vergessenheit geraten lassen. Trotzdem genießt Alfred Weber seit den 80er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts eine gewisse Renaissance. Als Früchte der akademischen Bemühungen von damals wurden schließlich sogar seine Gesamtwerke herausgegeben. In Japan haben einige Philosophen und Soziologen vor und nach dem letzten Weltkrieg Alfred Weber als den Wegbereiter der Kultursoziologie noch zu seinen Lebzeiten entdeckt und dementsprechend als einen wissenschaftlichen Betrachtungsgegenstand behandelt. In der Folgezeit fand man leider daran kaum einen wissenschaftlichen Anschlußmehr, wie es in Europa ebenso im allgemeinen der Fall war. Zum einen, um Alfred Weber noch einmal im Zusammenhang mit der Wissenssoziologie zu lokalisieren, werden hier als Ausgangspunkt erneut seine Biographie und eine seiner frühesten kultursoziologischen Überlegungen vorgestellt. Zum anderen sollte dies als ein Anfangsversuch dienen, den vielfältig aktiven Soziologen, der immerhin jahrzehntelang die geisteswissenschaftliche Welt in Deutschland ohne Zweifel mitprägte, erst richtig in Japan vorzustellen.