著者

大島愛次郎 著

出版者

大島愛次郎

巻号頁・発行日

1894

著者

保柳 睦美

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.5, pp.273-284, 1977-10-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

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In 1872 the Meiji Government adopted the solar calendar, the twenty-four hours system and the new date, and in 1886 decided the Japanese Standard Time based on the time of the meridian of 135°E., running through Akashi in Hyôgo Prefecture near Kobe. Since then, the date and the time have entirely changed from those of the Edo period when the lunar-solar calendar and many local times prevailed throughout Japan.The conversion of the old date into the new one is not so difficult task, but on the contrary, that of the old times into the new ones has complicated problems, because the old calendar system was different in many respects from the new one and also each clan adopted the local time derived from the time of each castle-town.Firstly, the structure of the old calendar, which was introduced from China, was basically different from the new one. The length of the hour-units of daytime and nighttime differed according to the twenty-four short seasonal unit days, including the day of autumnal equinox, of vernal equinox, of summer solstice and of winter solstice. The beginning hours of daytime and nighttime were partly improved by the astronomers of the Tokugawa Government ; in the early part of the Edo period they were the times of sunrise and sunset of the castle-towns, and later they were more improved.However, in 1797 TAKAHASHI-Yoshitoki, a young but an excellent astronomer, who studied the Western astronomy through the books edited by the European missionaries stationed in China and brought up INÔ-Tadataka, the greatest land-surveyor in the Edo period with the aid of astronomical observation, decided the times scientifically. He got the accurate position of the sun by spherical trigonometrical calculation, and cleared up the beginning and the end of twilight by the angle of depression of the center of the sun on the days of autumnal and vernal equinox at Kyoto the result was 7°21′40″. The new definition had been used until 1871.This paper deals with some ways of conversion of the old times into the new ones, and illustrated, taking outstanding examples of castle-towns in the Edo period, how the converted times were different from one another throughout Japan in accordance with the latitudes and the longitudes of the towns.

著者

ジャネット・セイヤーズ著 大島かおり訳

出版者

晶文社

巻号頁・発行日

1993

著者

星原 大輔

出版者

早稲田大学大学院社会科学研究科

雑誌

ソシオサイエンス (ISSN:13458116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.161-174, 2005

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論文

著者

神谷 悠介

出版者

The Kantoh Sociological Society

雑誌

年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, no.24, pp.74-85, 2011-10-01 (Released:2015-06-12)

参考文献数

16

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The purpose of this article is to analyze how housework is divided between gay partners and to examine conventional theories of the division of housework in heterosexual families.The analysis shows that these theories do not apply to all cases. This is because conventional theories are built on the assumption of a joint family budget and a single-income couple. This does not apply to gay couples where each person has an independent personal budget and both partners have their own incomes.

著者

HASHEM M.M.A Keigo WATANABE Kiyotaka IZUMI

出版者

The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

雑誌

JSME International Journal Series C Mechanical Systems, Machine Elements and Manufacturing (ISSN:13447653)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.406-412, 1998-09-15 (Released:2008-02-18)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 5

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Evolution strategies(ESs)are search algorithms which imitate the principles of natural evolution as a method to solve parameter optimization problems numerically.The effectiveness and simplicity of ES algorithms have lead many people to believe that they are the methods of choice for difficult, real-life problems superseding traditional search techniques.However, the inherent strength of the ES algorithms largely depends upon the choice of a suitable crossover and mutation technique in their application domains.This paper discusses a new ES in which both a subpopulationbased arithmetical crossover(SBAC)and a time-variant mutation(TVM)operator are used.the SBAC operator explores promising areas in the search space with different directivity while the TVM operator exploits fast(but not premature)convergence with high precision results.Thus, a balance between exploration and exploitation is achieved in the evolutionary process with these combined efforts.The TVM also acts as a fine local tuner at the converging stages for high precision solutions.Its action depends upon the age of the populations, and its performance is quite different from the Uniform Mutation(UM)operation.The efficacy of the proposed methods is illustrated by solving discrete-time optimal control models which are frequently used in the applications.

著者

渡辺 桂吾 原 勝弘

出版者

日本知能情報ファジィ学会

雑誌

日本ファジィ学会誌 (ISSN:0915647X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3, pp.647-657, 1995-06-15 (Released:2017-09-24)

参考文献数

16

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従来のファジィ制御器のほとんどのものは, 入力データ関数型推論や簡略化推論を利用しており, それらのファジィ推論の後件部任意パラメータ等を何らかの方法で合理的に設計する有効な手段は知られていない.従って, それらをファジィ・ニューラルネットワークとして実現しても必ずしも計算時間の短縮や学習パラメータ数の低減化に関しては効果的ではない.本論文では, 前件部メンバシップ関数としてガウシアン型を利用する場合, その平均値を後件部の関数構成に利用する平均値関数型推論に基づくファジィ・ガウシアン・ニューラルネットワークを提案する.この方法によると, 平均値以外の後件部任意パラメータの初期値を予め制御ルールに依存しないVSS制御の安定な切り換え面(または線)のパラメータとして設計することが可能となる.従って, 後件部任意パラメータが制御ルールに依存する入力データ関数型推論や簡略化推論法に基づくファジィ・ニューラルネットワーク制御器に比べて, 後件部の学習パラメータ数を大幅に低減化させることが可能となり, 学習制御器としての計算時間の短縮が可能となることを示す.本手法の有効性は2輪独立駆動型移動ロボット車の軌道追従制御のシミュレーションにて示す.

著者

渡辺 桂吾

出版者

The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers

雑誌

計測自動制御学会論文集 (ISSN:04534654)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.8, pp.1106-1113, 1995-08-31 (Released:2009-03-27)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 3

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The functional reasoning and the simplified reasoning, which are special cases of the so-called min-max-centroidal method, have been applied to construct a fuzzy controller or to model a system. It is not necessary known, however, for control engineers to rationally and easily design the conclusion part or any parameters in the conclusion part. In this paper, a new fuzzy reasoning is proposed so that the conclusion consists of a function of mean-values on each membership function in the antecedent. It is then shown that any parameters except for the mean-values in the conclusion can be rationally and easily designed as a slope of stable switching plane (or line) which is basically independent of the control rule, if the conclusion is formally regarded as a VSS (variable structure system) controller with the meanvalues in the antecedent as states. Thus, the laber required for designing the conclusion part can be reduced drastically by using the proposed method, compared with the traditional methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by simulating a fuzzy controller with two inputs-single output reasoning or a fuzzy controller with three inputs-single output reasoning.

著者

華本安次郎 編

出版者

華本安次郎

巻号頁・発行日

1881

著者

松永 憲和 松田 秀康 木下 香葉子 福圓 修一 新宅 紗里 福田 剛史 山本 勇 東 純一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会

雑誌

臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.101S-102S, 2002-01-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

6

著者

丸井 ふみ子 マルイ フミコ MARUI Fumiko

出版者

東京外国語大学大学院

雑誌

言語・地域文化研究 (Language, area and culture studies) (ISSN:13419587)

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, pp.193-209, 2012-03-31

著者

松田 博

出版者

京都大学附属図書館

雑誌

静脩 (ISSN:05824478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.5-8, 2001-12

著者

SAKO Rikitaro KATO Masaki MURAYAMA Takashi ENOKIDANI Takahiro OTA Takayuki HONDERA Tetsuichi FUJII Ami OZASA Yoshifumi

出版者

脳機能とリハビリテーション研究会

雑誌

Journal of Rehabilitation Neurosciences (ISSN:24342629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.JPN, pp.49-55, 2020 (Released:2020-10-09)

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Right-sided unilateral spatial neglect (USN) of patients with left hemisphere stroke disappears within a few months from the onset. Also, it has been reported that right-sided USN of bilateral hemisphere lesions patients persists even after 6 months from the onset. Herein, we present the case of a left middle cerebral artery stroke patient with persistent right-sided USN. The patient was right-handed female in her eighties. She was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome 12 years before and then had severe anemia. She suffered from stroke and was hospitalized. She complained of severe right-sided hemiparesis, sensory disturbance, USN, and aphasia. During hospitalization, the laboratory tests revealed a hemoglobin level of 6.0 – 10.2 g/dL and hematocrit level of 18.3–31.8 %. She underwent rehabilitation for fatigue from the anemia. However, her right-sided hemiparesis and USN persisted, and on day 174 post onset she needed support for activities of daily living. Studies have reported that the persistence of the right-sided USN with left hemisphere lesions have a strong relationship with hypoperfusion in the left hemisphere and right parietal regions, even if the right hemisphere has no lesion at all. The decrease in the bilateral hemisphere function is known to hinder the improvement of right-sided USN. Severe anemia (hematocrit level 21.0 %) has also been reported to decrease the oxygen metabolism of whole brain cortex. From these studies severe anemia was thought to hinder the improvement of right-sided USN.

著者

Ota Takayuki Yamamoto Tatsuya Sako Rikitaro Fujii Ami Nagasaka Kazuaki Hondera Tetsuichi Ozasa Yoshihumi

出版者

脳機能とリハビリテーション研究会

雑誌

Journal of Rehabilitation Neurosciences (ISSN:24342629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.JPN, pp.42-48, 2020 (Released:2020-10-09)

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We report a case of left thalamic hemorrhage with motor paralysis in the right upper and lower extremities, somatosensory dysfunction, right homonymous hemianopsia, decreased spontaneity, and amnestic aphasia five months after onset of hemorrhage. The brain image findings revealed that it was a case of thalamic hemorrhage originating from the thalamic geniculate artery, and the major lesional area was the posterior thalamic region, including the posterolateral ventral nucleus, the median nucleus, part of the dorsal medial nucleus, the lateral ventral nucleus, and the pulvinar. In addition, Parkinson’s-like symptoms were occasionally observed five months after thalamic hemorrhage onset, and these might be associated with a previous right putaminal hemorrhage. Here, we report the clinical course and neuro-imaging findings from the onset of thalamic hemorrhage to five months post-event and discuss the causative factors of each clinical finding.

著者

堀場 裕紀江 ホリバ ユキエ Yukie Horiba

出版者

神田外語大学大学院

雑誌

言語科学研究 : 神田外語大学大学院紀要 (ISSN:13476203)

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.37-56, 2013-03

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論文

著者

YADA Takuya KAWASAKI Tsubasa

出版者

脳機能とリハビリテーション研究会

雑誌

Journal of Rehabilitation Neurosciences (ISSN:24342629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.JPN, pp.38-41, 2020 (Released:2020-10-09)

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Abstract: Bilateral infarction of the medial medulla is rare, and few reports have described its prognosis and detailed clinical findings. This case report describes a 40-year-old male patient with bilateral infarction of the medial medulla who underwent rehabilitation and subsequently showed satisfactory improvement in motor function. The patient reported his difficulty in moving his left upper and lower limbs and was then admitted to an acute care hospital the next day. On the second day of hospitalization, high intensity in the bilateral medial medulla was observed in the brain magnetic response (MR) diffusion-weighted images. Rehabilitation was started on this day. Physical therapy assessment was as follows: Brunnstrom recovery stage (BRS), VI-VI-VI/V-V-V (upper-finger-lower, right/left); scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), 9 (walking, 3; stance, 2; sitting, 2; finger chase, 0/1; nose-finger test, 0/1; heel-shin test, 0/2 [right/left]); and Functional Independence Measure (FIM), 121. After 15 days, some motor deficits were improved (i.e., SARA, 6.5 [walking, 2; stance, 1; sitting, 2; finger chase, 0/1; nose-finger test, 0/1; heel-shin test, 0/1]; FIM, 124), but not BRS. This showed that this patient still had a mild motor deficit of the trunk and left limbs, despite his independence in activities of daily living except for going up and down the stairs.

著者

KAMIMATSUNO Shin ABE Hiroaki SEKI Takashi OKANUKA Toru

出版者

脳機能とリハビリテーション研究会

雑誌

Journal of Rehabilitation Neurosciences (ISSN:24342629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.JPN, pp.31-37, 2020 (Released:2020-10-09)

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Repeated gait training with a flexible knee brace and an oil damper hinged ankle-foot orthosis (GSD, Gaitsolution Design, Kawamura Gishi, Osaka, Japan) improved the gait abnormalities and speed in a stroke patient with ataxic hemiparesis. Here, we report on a female in her 50s with a cerebral infarction in the posterolateral thalamus. She had ataxic hemiparesis in her lower left leg. While walking, her knee was bending at initial contact and loading response due to the ataxic hemiparesis, and her gait speed remained at 52.2 m/min. To reconstruct the inverted pendulum model, we provided gait training with a flexible knee brace and GSD. As a result, her gait abnormalities were resolved and her gait speed improved up to 72.6 m/min. We speculated that the one of the reasons for the improvement in gait speed was the adjustment of the task difficulty to address the gait abnormality due to the ataxic hemiplegia, and repeating gait training with an inverted pendulum model. We concluded that providing repeated gait training with a flexible knee brace and GSD to construct the inverted pendulum model may improve the gait abnormalities and speed in patients with ataxic hemiparesis.

著者

高橋 聡

出版者

早稲田大学日本語教育研究センター言語文化教育研究会

雑誌

言語文化教育研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.37-55, 2012-01-10

著者

大原 秀一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会

雑誌

日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会誌 (ISSN:18817319)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.323-325, 2006-04-28 (Released:2017-11-10)

参考文献数

8

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近年,胃食道逆流症は消化器領域のみならず,さまざまな領域の病態と関連することが明らかとされつつあり,睡眠障害との関連もその一つである.これまで海外を中心に胃食道逆流症と睡眠障害の関連についてさまざまな方面からの検討が行われてきており,両者の関連を支持する報告も多い.その機序を含めいまだ不明な点も多く,両者の関連を明らかとするためには今後さらなる検討が必要である.

著者

岡野 元哉 和田 年史

出版者

日本貝類学会

雑誌

Venus (Journal of the Malacological Society of Japan) (ISSN:13482955)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1-4, pp.58-62, 2012-07-31 (Released:2016-05-31)

参考文献数

21

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We investigated size structure and reproduction of violet shell Janthina prolongata stranded on the coast of Iwami-cho in eastern part of Tottori Prefecture, southwestern Sea of Japan, on 27 September, 2010. Shell length (SL) exhibited a bimodal size distribution with a range of 6.08–40.36 mm. Our results also indicated that individuals of more than 27.4 mm SL laid egg capsules under their bubble raft. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the length of egg capsules and SL. Larger individuals had shrunken and differently colored egg capsules on the forefront of bubble raft, suggesting that J. prolongata might lay egg capsules intermittently.