1 0 0 0 OA 格物入門和解

著者
丁[イ]良 著
出版者
北門社
巻号頁・発行日
vol.初編 水学之部 上巻, 1870

1 0 0 0 OA 陸地戦例新選

著者
マーチン 著
出版者
懸車堂
巻号頁・発行日
1884

1 0 0 0 OA 近世史談

著者
吉田賢輔, 須藤時一郎 述
出版者
共立舎
巻号頁・発行日
vol.初篇 1, 1872

1 0 0 0 OA 物理訓蒙

著者
吉田賢輔 訳
出版者
吉田賢輔
巻号頁・発行日
vol.上編, 1872

1 0 0 0 OA 大日本貨幣史

著者
吉田賢輔 等編
出版者
大蔵省
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1.2, 1883
著者
和田 幹彦
出版者
The Japanese Association of Sociology of Law
雑誌
法社会学 (ISSN:04376161)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2005, no.62, pp.41-53,191, 2005-03-30 (Released:2011-04-13)
参考文献数
15

Genetic sciences, especially in the area of molecular biology, pose serious challenges and problems to us in the 21st Century. Genetic information of individuals gives new hopes and worries to patients and their families in their medical decision-makings. New technologies may also make human germline engineering possible and safe in the near future.The first half of the paper discusses the autonomy of patients and of their families in medical decision-makings, while we face awesome developments in genetics and genetic information. If a simple informed consent represented the autonomy in the last decades of the 20th Century, should our autonomy in the 21st Century include our right (or duty) of letting our family and relatives know of their potential genetic information and genetic (advantages or) risks? Should it also include our and their right to "remain in blessed ignorance"? The novelty facing us in this century is that newly accessible genetic information of individuals (1) does not change, in that his DNA sequences stay the same life-long, (2) does not necessarily indicate the current physical condition, but could predict probabilities of certain diseases, (3) may lead to such prediction that may bring about discrimination, and finally, (4) may lead to presumptions on genetic information and conditions of families and relatives. The individual autonomy in this century, therefore, may afflict and conflict with the autonomy of others, even more than it did in the last century. The paper cites and discusses in details a lawsuit decided on April 25, 2003 in Tokyo District Court, then later on January 27, 2005 in Tokyo High Court, where the plaintiffs (parents) were awarded generous compensation for not being informed by physician (s) of genetic risks of having new babies, even after their first born had a severe genetic disease. The paper proposes that professional genetic counseling would be a key solution to such newly arising (legal) problems of this century.The second half of this paper discusses reproductive human cloning and germline engineering, i.e. "Designer Children." Japan, in step with several other countries, prohibited reproductive cloning by law. There still are, however, limitations to the current regulation of genetic technologies in the international community. This paper discusses the recent "trial and error" by an Ad Hoc Committee and Sixth Committee of the United Nations General Assembly on an International Convention Against the Reproductive Cloning of Human Beings. They failed to agree on this treaty to ban reproductive human cloning despite the prevalent consensus that cloning babies should be prevented. The paper discusses then how the miscarriage of the International Convention might have closed the path to a future multilateral agreement to regulate or prohibit germline engineering. The discussions cover the "charm" as well as the risk, and the pros and cons of designing children. The paper contends that any potential regulation of germline engineering must consist of pragmatic measures that are viable within existing legal and social structures.Finally, the paper discusses how law and regulation, including timely provision of appropriate genetic counselors and counseling, might fail to keep up with the rapid development of science and technology. A common criticism voiced in Japan is that law, legal regulation, and social controls cannot level with the fast development of science and technology. The solution would be proposing and stockpiling possible and pragmatic measures well in advance, before another Dolly II the Designer Sheep would alarm us. Also, we probably should not expect a one and only truthful answer to all the bioethical questions on novel biotechnology and life sciences. Diversity, be it on the national or the international level, requires and should tolerate diverse responses to those questions.
著者
束田 進也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.Supplement, pp.575-589, 2009-07-31 (Released:2013-11-21)
参考文献数
46

Japan is a seismically active country, and earthquake information is indispensable in Japan. There are various systems or aspects concerning earthquake information, such as earthquake observations on scientific basis, real-time seismic data processing systems, dissemination systems of the results of processed data as earthquake information, and citizens’ understandings and utilization of the information. If the above mentioned whole flow can be called a “mechanism”, Japan is the only one that has the unique and advanced “mechanism” on earthquake information in the world. This mechanism, that can also be called one of the Japanese cultures, has not been built up in a reasonable way from the beginning but it took very long time in establishing the current mechanism. In addition, a new earthquake information provision service has been started that has the nature of earthquake forecast, not observation. Like this, the character of the mechanism has been changing. In this paper, the current Japanese earthquake information is outlined, and its issues are also described.
著者
福田 篤徳 小田谷 嘉弥 白川 浩一 白川 浩子 小澤 重雄 今井 光雄 深川 正夫 梅垣 佑介 山口 恭弘
出版者
特定非営利活動法人バードリサーチ
雑誌
Bird Research (ISSN:18801587)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.A1-A14, 2019 (Released:2019-06-27)
参考文献数
27

シマクイナの生態は不明な点が多く,茨城県を含め全国的な生息状況はよく分かっていない.そこで,2016年1月から2018年5月にかけて,茨城県内のスゲ類などの低茎草本が優占しヨシ類などの高茎草本が混在する植生環境を含む12地域(14地点)でプレイバック法を用いて調査を行なった.種の同定は,声紋の解析や鳴き声が発せられた場所から飛び出した鳥の特徴から行なった.調査の結果,県内の7地域(9地点)において生息を確認し,その中の4地域(5地点)で複数個体の存在を確認した.そのうち1か所では,冬期3シーズンにかけて8-15羽/haという高い個体密度で安定して生息していることを確認した.また,通年調査を行なった結果,県内に11月上旬から4月中旬もしくは下旬まで生息していることが示唆された.本研究により,県内である程度の個体数が継続的に越冬していることが明らかになった.
著者
酒井 健太朗
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2019, no.70, pp.205-219, 2019

<p>Aristotle's <i>APo</i>. claims that scientific knowledge requires a cause serving as the middle term in the demonstration. <i>APo</i>. II 11 considers how the well-known "four causes" should be understood in the theory of demonstration. What is key is the relation of the final cause to the other three causes. This paper discusses how the theory of demonstration handles these causes by considering their status and interrelation. </p> <p>Aristotle examines the four causes from the perspective of the major and minor terms in a demonstration. The grounding cause states the essence of the minor term, and the essential and efficient causes state the essence of the major term. However, there are difficulties in considering the final cause. For, in the example of being healthy, illustrating the final cause involves two demonstrations. In the first demonstration, the middle term (food not staying on the surface) explains the essence of the major term (being healthy). In the second demonstration, however, the middle term (being healthy) does not explain the essence of the major term (food not staying on the surface) or the minor term (walking after dinner). In order to answer this problem, we have to mention two points: First, the final cause appears last in generation but arises first as the initial point of the explanation; secondly, the final cause explains the processes to the end as for the end. By considering these facts, I show that the second demonstration explains the major term and the minor term by the middle term from the viewpoint of temporal order that the first demonstration establishes. </p> <p>This paper argues that <i>APo</i>. II 11 divides the four causes into the final cause and the other three causes and claims that the second demonstration includes "hypothetical necessity". Consequently, this paper shows that Aristotle aims to exclude chance from a demonstration having the final cause as the middle term by introducing hypothetical necessity. </p>
著者
高橋 祥吾
出版者
広島大学比較論理学プロジェクト研究センター
雑誌
比較論理学研究 (ISSN:18806376)
巻号頁・発行日
no.10, pp.9-16, 2013-03-25

広島大学比較論理学プロジェクト研究センター研究成果報告書(2012年度)
著者
福井 弘教
出版者
法政大学公共政策研究科『公共政策志林』編集委員会
雑誌
公共政策志林 = 公共政策志林 (ISSN:21875790)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.149-163, 2017-03-24

1947年の地方自治法制定を契機として,競馬(中央・地方),競輪,オートレース,競艇という多様な公営競技が順次開始された。これらは主に地方自治体が施行者となって主催し,その収益が財政(地方・国),公益事業等に貢献してきた。具体的には,公共事業を中心に,災害復興,産業経済振興など広範囲に渡り大きな役割を担ってきたが,これはギャンブルという古くから,負のイメージの強い事象に対して,「財政貢献」,「社会貢献」,「競技関連産業振興」という正の側面を入力することにより,本来禁止されている賭博を,正当化する仕組みとなっている。公営競技の売上は高く推移して,順調に財政貢献してきたが,売上のピークは過ぎ,財政貢献はおろか,逆に一般会計からの持ち出しとなっている施行者も存在する。近年は,中央競馬・競艇を除いて存続についての議論がなされるケースが多く,廃止・撤退が相次いでいる。国策としてのギャンブル事業は公営競技以外にも,宝くじやスポーツ振興くじがあり,カジノについても将来の導入が見込める状況となり,既存の公営競技の改革は喫緊の課題である。本稿では,日本発祥の公営競技の変遷,形成過程,仕組みについて,競艇(ボートレース)を中心に概観し,現状分析を行うことにより,公営競技の政策課題を提示した。
著者
高橋 祥吾
出版者
広島大学比較論理学プロジェクト研究センター
雑誌
比較論理学研究 : 広島大学比較論理学プロジェクト研究センター研究成果報告書 : the annals of the Research Project Center for the Comparative Study of Logic (ISSN:18806376)
巻号頁・発行日
no.13, pp.7-17, 2015

広島大学比較論理学プロジェクト研究センター研究成果報告書(2015年度)本発表は,平成27年度文部科学省科学研究費補助金(研究活動スタート支援)「アリストテレスの問答法の理論とその発展的解釈の研究」(研究課題番号:15H06815) の研究成果の一部である.
著者
高橋 祥吾
出版者
広島大学比較論理学プロジェクト研究センター
雑誌
比較論理学研究 : 広島大学比較論理学プロジェクト研究センター研究成果報告書 : the annals of the Research Project Center for the Comparative Study of Logic (ISSN:18806376)
巻号頁・発行日
no.15, pp.7-18, 2017

In this article, I aim to collect examples of φύσις in Aristotle's Organon and classify it, and examine what the meaning of this word has. Aristotle mainly uses the expression "by nature" (φύσει) or "naturally" (κατὰ φύσιν) in the Organon. Researching these expressions in many examples, the following have made clear.1. "Per se" and "by nature" (or "naturally") are used interchangeably.2. Aristotle often uses "physis" which means "essential feature".3. Some example of "physis" in the Organon corresponds to the explanation in his Physics and Metaphysics.4. In the Organon, "prior" and "simultaneous" are used from a view of cognition.In Physics, "physis" means "form" in a sense, so we can interpret it as follows. That is, "physis" shows the essence, and the features derived from "physis" also are essential. Therefore, we might conclude that "by nature" and "per se" can be used interchangeably because he uses the expression "per se" when a proposition shows that an essential feature or nature (essence) belongs to a subject.広島大学比較論理学プロジェクト研究センター研究成果報告書(2017年度)本稿は,文部科学省科学研究費補助金「アリストテレス倫理学の再定位を通した新たな自然主義的倫理学の構想」17H02257 の助成の成果の一部である.