巻号頁・発行日
vol.[47], 1000
著者
小宮 秀一
出版者
九州大学
雑誌
健康科学 (ISSN:03877175)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, pp.1-7, 2004-03-25
被引用文献数
1

Over the last two decades, a dramatic increase in overweight and obesity has been reported in both developed and under-developed countries. Associated with this excess of body mass and body fat is the increased risk of developing heart disease and diabetes. Childhood obesity is rapidly emerging as a global epidemic that will have profound public health consequences as obese children become obese adults. However, there is no internationally acceptable index to assess childhood obesity. Furthermore, attention has focused primarily on the methods by which body composition data are obtained, and less on the way in which the data is expressed. The advantage of using body mass index (BMI) is that stature and body mass are variables readily available and easy to measure. However, the major shortcoming of the BMI is that the actual composition of body mass is not taken into account: excess body mass may be made up of either adipose tissue or muscle hypertrophy, both of which will be judged as 'excess mass'. To resolve these issues, BMI can be separated into its fat-free and fat components. These two indices, known as the fat-free mass index (FFMI; FFMkg/m^2) and fat mass index (FMI; FMkg/m^2) are both discrete and adjusted for stature. The potential advantage is that only one component of body mass, i. e., fat-free mass (FFM) or fat mass (FM), is related to the stature squared. Considering that BMI is the sum of FFMI+FMI, an increase (or a decrease) in BMI can be traced to a rise (or a drop) in one or the other component, or both. FFMI and FMI used in conjunction with a percentile grid derived from a suitable reference population can be expected to provide more meaningful information about nutritional status than BMI alone can offer. The purpose of this article was to introduce these indices, by which leanness and obesity in children can be more accurately assessed.
著者
村本 多恵子 山根 仁一 田中 美郷 阿波野 安幸
出版者
Japan Audiological Society
雑誌
AUDIOLOGY JAPAN (ISSN:03038106)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.4, pp.244-249, 1991

泣いている新生児に胎内音をきかせると体動を停止して泣き止むことが知られている。 この反応を新生児の聴覚スクリーニングとして用いるため, 自動的に記録できる装置を開発し, 正常成熟新生児47例と, 周産期に異常の認められた新生児11例について反応を記録した。 反応の有無の判定は極めて容易であつた。 正常成熟新生児47例の胎内音をきかせた場合 (on記録) の反応出現率は46.3%, 胎内音をきかせない状態 (off記録) で偶然に体動を停止する率は24.2%で, 胎内音をきかせたほうが新生児が泣き止む確率が明らかに高かった。 個々の新生児についてみると, on記録の反応出現率がoff記録の見かけ上の反応出現率を下回ったのは, 47例中1例のみであった。 一方, 周産期に異常の認められた新生児では, 泣き続ける力が乏しいなため, off記録での体動停止の確率が高く, そのため, これらの新生児の聴覚のスクリーニングとしては十分に有効とはいえなかった。
著者
曽根 悟 高木 亮
出版者
一般社団法人 電気学会
雑誌
電気学会誌 (ISSN:13405551)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.116, no.11, pp.761-764, 1996-10-20 (Released:2008-04-17)
参考文献数
5
著者
Keiko Inami Masataka Mochizuki
出版者
The Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society
雑誌
Genes and Environment (ISSN:18807046)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.3, pp.71-76, 2008 (Released:2008-09-09)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
2 2

2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF) is a procarcinogen and its activation mechanisms have been investigated in detail. AAF was metabolized to 2-acetylamino-9-fluorenone (AAF=O) and 2-acetylamino-9-fluorenol by S9 mix. The mutagenicity of AAF=O in the presence of S9 mix was equal in potency to that of AAF in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538, but the activation mechanism of AAF=O was poorly reported. In this study, we investigated possible ultimate species derived from AAF=O; N-hydroxy-2-acetylamino-9-fluorenone (N-OH-AAF=O), N-acetoxy-2-acetylamino-9-fluorenone (N-OAc-AAF=O), N-hydroxy-2-amino-9-fluorenone (N-OH-AF=O), and N-acetoxy-2-trifluoroacetylamino-9-fluorenone (N-OAc-TFAAF=O), a model compound for N-acetoxy-2-amino-9-fluorenone (N-OAc-AF=O), were synthesized and their mutagenicity was examined in S. typhimurium TA1538. The activation mechanism in S. typhimurium TA1538 was also investigated. The compounds in order of decreasing mutagenicity are N-OAc-TFAAF=O>N-OH-AF=O>N-OAc-AAF=O> N-OH-AAF=O. AAF=O is at least partially responsible for the mutagenicity of AAF, since a small amount of AAF is oxidized to AAF=O in the presence of S9 mix. Furthermore we suggest that an ultimate active species of AAF=O in S. typhimurium is N-OAc-AF=O, with the same activation manner as AAF.