著者

柴田 透 Shibata Toru

出版者

新潟大学教育学部

雑誌

新潟大学教育学部研究紀要 人文・社会科学編 (ISSN:18833837)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.59-67, 2015-10

著者

今村 真央

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.279-286, 2016-01-29

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クリスチャン・ダニエルス (編). 『東南アジア大陸部 : 山地民の歴史と文化』 言叢社, 2014, 348p.

著者

清地 ゆき子

出版者

筑波大学大学院地域研究研究科

雑誌

筑波大学地域研究 (ISSN:09121412)

巻号頁・発行日

no.34, pp.225-246, 2013

出版者

京都大学人文科学研究所

雑誌

人文 (ISSN:0389147X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, pp.1-51, 2015-06-30

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[随想]たぬきそば / 金 文京 [1]

著者

Mitsumasa Umesawa Hiroyasu Iso Yoshihisa Fujino Shogo Kikuchi Akiko Tamakoshi

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.92-97, 2016-02-05 (Released:2016-02-05)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 26

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Background: High sodium intake is a potential risk factor of gastric cancer. However, limited information is available on the relationship between salty food preference or intake and risk of gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between these variables among the Japanese population.Methods: Between 1988 and 1990, 15 732 men and 24 997 women aged 40–79 years old with no history of cancer or cardiovascular disease completed a lifestyle questionnaire that included information about food intake. The subjects were enrolled in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk Sponsored by Monbusho. After a median follow-up of 14.3 years, 787 incident gastric cancers were documented. We examined the associations between salty food preference and intake and gastric cancer incidence using the Cox proportional hazard model.Results: The risk of gastric cancer among subjects with a strong preference for salty food was approximately 30% higher than among those who preferred normal-level salty food (hazard ratio [HR] 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.67). The risk of gastric cancer in subjects who consumed 3 and ≥4 bowls/day of miso soup was approximately 60% higher than in those who consumed less miso soup (HR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.16–2.39 and HR 1.64; 95% CI, 1.11–2.42, respectively). Sodium intake correlated positively and linearly with risk of gastric cancer (P for trend = 0.002).Conclusions: The present study showed that salty food preference, consumption of large quantities of miso soup, and high sodium intake were associated with increased risk of gastric cancer among Japanese people.

著者

Tsuyako Sakamaki Motohiko Hara Kazunori Kayaba Kazuhiko Kotani Shizukiyo Ishikawa

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.71-75, 2016-02-05 (Released:2016-02-05)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5

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Background: Previous studies on the association between coffee consumption and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have provided inconsistent results. We examine the risk of SAH from coffee consumption in a Japanese population.Methods: Our analyses were based on the Jichi Medical School Cohort Study, a large-scale population-based prospective cohort study. A total of 9941 participants (3868 men and 6073 women; mean age 55 years) with no history of cardiovascular disease or carcinoma were examined. Participants were asked to choose one of five options to indicate their daily coffee consumption: none, less than 1 cup a day, 1–2 cups a day, 3–4 cups a day, or 5 or more cups a day. The incidence of SAH was assessed independently by a diagnostic committee. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for age and sex (HR1) and for additional potential confounders (HR2).Results: During 10.7 years of follow-up, SAH occurred in 47 participants. When compared with the participants who consumed less than 1 cup of coffee a day, the HR of SAH was significantly higher in the group who consumed 5 or more cups a day in both models (HR1 4.49; 95% CI, 1.44–14.00; HR2 3.79; 95% CI, 1.19–12.05).Conclusions: The present community-based cohort study showed that heavy coffee consumption was associated with an increased incidence of SAH after adjusting for age, sex, and multiple potential cardiovascular confounders.

著者

戸田山 和久

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.1_5-1_10, 2003 (Released:2009-06-22)

参考文献数

21

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Philosophical naturalism is made up of two basic claims as follows. (1) Ontological claim (physicalism); Only 'physical entities and phenomena' and what supervene upon them really exist. (2) Epistemological claim; There is no 'first philosophy', that is, every method of investigation including philosophy itself must consist of the methods which are regarded as legitimate in empirical sciences. One consequence of the latter claim is called 'naturalization of philosophy of science' which has grown to be a powerful alternative to the traditional philosophy of science such as logical positivism or Bayesianism. The main concern of this paper resides in the question whether a philosophical naturalist could believe in these two claims at the same time. For, if naturalized philosophy of science found, in empirical data from the real history of science, the fact that the ultimate aim of scientific investigation is not to reach the literally true description of the world but to attain some other epistemic values (e.g. to control the nature or to make better predictions), it might undermine the realistic reading of the ontological claim of philosophical naturalism. This possibility is overlooked by virtually all the naturalists, but might pose a serious difficulty on their philosophic research program. In the last section of this paper, I tired to propose a way-out from this predicament for a philosophical naturalist like myself. The proposal consists of these two measures. (1) to adopt a Hackingean operationist criterion concerning what exists and what not, (2) to reinterpret scientific theories not as sets of theoreteical sentences but as semantic models.

著者

原賀 真理子 一志 恒太 横上 智 加倉 加恵 谷口 祐介 佐藤 絢子 古賀 千尋 城戸 寛史

出版者

福岡歯科大学学会

雑誌

福岡歯科大学学会雑誌 (ISSN:03850064)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, 2014-12-08

著者

山崎 功

出版者

東南アジア史学会

雑誌

東南アジア史学会会報

巻号頁・発行日

no.64, pp.20-21, 1996-04

著者

山村 崇

出版者

早稲田大学

雑誌

若手研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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東京区部の零細オフィスビル集積地域を抽出し、街区単位で周辺環境特性を分析することで、零細オフィスビル集積地域の5類型を得た。また、零細オフィスビルが持続的に利用され続ける条件として、都心からの距離やビル内部の機能性などの「物理条件」、個人ビルオーナーによる管理の質・テナントの属性・権利関係などの「事業者条件」、コストパフォーマンスを中心とした「市場条件」の3要件が重要であることを明らかにした。またいずれの地域においても、手頃な価格のオフィス供給の存在が新たな都市型サービス業流入の要因となっており、零細オフィスビルが新産業育成の苗床として機能していることを明らかにした。

著者

Peter J. Waddell Hirohisa Kishino Rissa Ota

出版者

日本バイオインフォマティクス学会

雑誌

Genome Informatics (ISSN:09199454)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.141-154, 2001 (Released:2011-07-11)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

252

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A major effort is being undertaken to sequence an array of mammalian genomes. Coincidentally, the evolutionary relationships of the 18 presently recognized orders of placental mammals are only just being resolved. In this work we construct and analyse the largest alignments of amino acid sequence data to date. Our findings allow us to set up a series of superordinal groups (clades) to act as prior hypotheses for further testing. Important findings include strong evidence for a clade of Euarchonta+Glires (=Supraprimates) comprised of primates, flying lemurs, tree shrews, lagomorphs and rodents. In addition, there is good evidence for a clade of all placental mammals except Xenarthra and Afrotheria (=Boreotheria) and for the previously recognised clades Laurasiatheria, Scrotifera, Fereuungulata, Ferae, Afrotheria, Euarchonta, Glires, and Eulipotyphla. Accordingly, a revised classification of the placental mammals is put forward. Using this and molecular divergence-time methods, the ages of the superordinal splits are estimated. While results are strongly consistent with the earliest superordinal divergences all being gt; 65 mybp (Cretaceous period), they suffer from greater uncertainty than presently appreciated. The early primate split of tarsiers from the anthropoid lineage at '55 mybp is seen to be an especially informative fossil calibration point. A statistical framework for testing clades using SINE data is presented and reveals significant support for the tarsier/anthropoid clade, as well as the clades Cetruminantia and Whippomorpha. Results also underline our thesis that while sequence analysis can help set up hypothesised clades, SINEs obtainable from sequencing 1-2 MB regions of placental genomes are essential to testing them. In contrast, derivations suggest that empirical Bayesian methods for sequence data may not be robust estimators of clades. Our findings, including the study of genes such as TP53, make a good case for the tree shrew as a closer relative of primates than rodents, while also showing a slower rate of evolution in key cell cycle genes. Tree shrews are consequently high value experimental animals and a strong candidate for a genome sequencing initiative.

著者

川口 格昭

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 外国語教育センター (ISSN:03893081)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.101-107, 1988

著者

上村 くにこ Kuniko Uemura

出版者

甲南大学文学部

雑誌

甲南大學紀要.文学編 = The Journal of Konan University. Faculty of Letters (ISSN:04542878)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.163, pp.189-197, 2013-03-30

著者

Takaaki DEGUCHI Yoshiaki TANIGUCHI Go HASEGAWA Yutaka NAKAMURA Norimichi UKITA Kazuhiro MATSUDA Morito MATSUOKA

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE Transactions on Communications (ISSN:09168516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E99.B, no.2, pp.347-355, 2016-02-01 (Released:2016-02-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

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In this paper, we propose a workload assignment policy for reducing power consumption by air conditioners in data centers. In the proposed policy, to reduce the air conditioner power consumption by raising the temperature set points of the air conditioners, the temperatures of all server back-planes are equalized by moving workload from the servers with the highest temperatures to the servers with the lowest temperatures. To evaluate the proposed policy, we use a computational fluid dynamics simulator for obtaining airflow and air temperature in data centers, and an air conditioner model based on experimental results from actual data center. Through evaluation, we show that the air conditioners' power consumption is reduced by 10.4% in a conventional data center. In addition, in a tandem data center proposed in our research group, the air conditioners' power consumption is reduced by 53%, and the total power consumption of the whole data center is exhibited to be reduced by 23% by reusing the exhaust heat from the servers.

著者

梶原 葉子 山田 真知子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.185-192, 1997-01-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 4 9

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Quantitative sampling of sessile animals and monitoring of water quality in Dokai Bay, northern Kyushu, Japan, were carried out from 1991 to '92 for four times to evaluate the water condition in the bay, Kitakyushu heavy and chemical industry area.In this study, seventy four species of sessile animals ware collected, which include Mytilus galloprovincialis, Limnoperna fortunei, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilopsis sallei, Balanus amphitrite, Balanus trigonus, Balanus eburneus, Ciona intestinalis, and Styela plicata. These nine reprentative species in the bay showed characteristic distribution and seasonal occurrence patterns. We noted eight immigrated species of sessile animals including an ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis recorded first in Japanese coastal water.Eutrophic level of water in Dokai Bay was classified according to the occurrence of the sessile animals in the bay. Water conditions of the inner most and central parts of the bay were classified as hyper eutrophic level, and those of the bay mouth were at intemediate one between hyper eutrophic and eutrophic levels. We suggest that six dominant species, including a mussel M. galloprovincialis, are useful as biological indicator organisms of hyper eutrophic level of coastal water.

著者

中野 和弘 荒木 肇 福山 利範 濱田 智和

出版者

農業情報学会

雑誌

農業情報研究 (ISSN:09169482)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.105-112, 2003 (Released:2013-03-31)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1 4

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ムギ類のリビングマルチによる雑草抑制の可能性を調査した.コムギとオオムギの茎葉による地表面での遮光率と被覆率を測定した.リビングマルチとして販売されている緑肥用コムギ(マルチムギ)の7月播種では,播種密度3.2kg/10a以上で播種当初から分げつ数と草丈が大きくなり,遮光率も50%以上の高い値を示した.播種密度3.2kg/10aで5月に播種されたオオムギの分げつ数と草丈は品種間で大きく異なった.マルチムギの遮光率が播種後28日で37.5%であったのに対し,オオムギではそれより大きい品種が多数存在し,特にK027は遮光率74.2%を示した.供試したムギ類をビデオ撮影し,それを画像処理することで地表面被覆率を算出した.マルチムギの地表面被覆率が34.5%であったのに対し,オオムギのそれは25~60%と品種により大きく異なった.地表面被覆率は,分げつ数,草丈,地上部乾物重の地上部生長量を示す形質との間で相関が認められた.遮光率は地表面被覆率との間に高い相関関係(r=0.833)があるものの,地上部乾物重との相関は認められなかった.本研究によりK001, K069およびK027がリビングマルチの資材として有望であると考えられた.

著者

桐敷 真次郎

出版者

建築保全センター

雑誌

建築/保全 (ISSN:13458418)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.25-37, 1997-03

著者

ロバート・ドレイバー

出版者

日経ナショナルジオグラフィック社

雑誌

National geographic (ISSN:13408399)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.9, pp.62-85, 2014-09

著者

桐敷 真次郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

建築雑誌 (ISSN:00038555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.1632, 2012-05-20

著者

アッカーメ・森下 京子

出版者

サバイバル出版

雑誌

Decide (ISSN:0911291X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.6, pp.50-51, 1999-09