著者

小林 正行

出版者

日本語学会

雑誌

日本語の研究 (ISSN:13495119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.1-16, 2006-10-01

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本稿は、「強調」や「例示」の意を表すとされる助詞バシについて、狂言台本における使用実態を明らかにし、その用法の変遷を考察するものである。この調査で以下の事実を明らかにした。・上接語は、名詞を直接上接するものが大半を占める。そのうち、目的格相当は全期通じて用いられ、主格相当は近世中期以降の台本で新たに多用される。デ・ニテを上接するものも近世中期以降多用される。・共起する句末表現は、疑問表現が大勢を占める。禁止表現は謡など定型的な用例に限られ、新しいバシはほぼすべて「ゴザルカ/オリャルカ」という丁寧な疑問表現と共起する。これらの事実から、用法の変遷についての考察を行い、以下の結論を得た。・本来上接語を際立たせる「強調」の働きを持っていたバシは、その代表的な用例の性質から、「例えばこのようなもの」と上接語の同類の集合を想定させる「例示」の働きとして解釈され、さらに、新たに上接語の同類の集合を仮想的に表して、「品位」を持って疑問を表す用法が近世中期以降の台本に見られるようになる。

著者

浅井 美峰

出版者

お茶の水女子大学比較日本学教育研究センター

雑誌

お茶の水女子大学比較日本学教育研究センター研究年報

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.181-186, 2015-03

著者

阿部 範之 アベ ノリユキ Abe Noriyuki 阿部 范之

出版者

同志社大学グローバル地域文化学会

雑誌

GR-同志社大学グローバル地域文化学会紀要 = Doshisha Global and Regional Studies Review (ISSN:21879060)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.1-41, 2019-10-25

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論文(Article)現在、中国映画産業は世界第二位の規模に成長したが、競争は激しい。そんな中で、1980年代にデビューした陳凱歌が、なお表舞台にとどまっていることは、注目に値する。しかし、特に1990年代半ば以降、陳凱歌は、メインストリームの商業映画の舞台で活躍する道を選び続けてきた一方で、それに徹することもできずにいる。本論は、こうした前提のもと、商業映画としての側面を軸に、陳凱歌のフィルモグラフィーを概観し、再検討を図ることを目的とする。时至今日中国电影产业已发展到世界第二的规模,电影行业内的生存竞争也异常严酷。尽管如此,陈凯歌从二十世纪八十年代成名开始,至今仍然活跃于中国电影创作的第一线。但是九十年代中期以后,在商业片创作道路上一帆风顺的陈凯歌,更是与他一心追求的理想电影渐行渐远。此篇论文从商业片的角度回顾并分析陈凯歌的电影历程。

著者

柳沢 国正

出版者

公益社団法人 計測自動制御学会

雑誌

計測と制御 (ISSN:04534662)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.4, pp.305-316, 1973-04-10 (Released:2009-11-26)

参考文献数

5

著者

Kenichi Kusunoki Ken-ichiro Arai Hanako Y. Inoue Chusei Fujiwara

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.234-237, 2019 (Released:2019-11-15)

参考文献数

23

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On 11 December 2012, a wind gust caused an F0-intensity wind damage in the Shonai area, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. This paper provides an overview of an anticyclonic misocyclone (i.e., anticyclonic circulation in the Doppler velocity) related to a wind gust from X-band Doppler radar data. The anticyclonic misocyclone was embedded within a cell with a spiral echo diameter of approximately 3-4 km. The misocyclone over the Sea of Japan moved southeastward at a speed of 11 m s−1, made landfall, and passed over the damaged area; this timing is consistent with the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) wind damage assessment. Over the damaged area, the diameter of the misocyclone in the Doppler velocity was estimated to be smaller than 893 m, and the peak tangential wind speed and the vorticity of the vortex were estimated to be at least 8 m s−1 and −3.6 × 10−2 sec−1, respectively. This study discusses various possible explanations for the relationship between the misocyclone and wind gust and provides a first overview of a wintertime anticyclonic misocyclone associated with a surface wind gust on the coast of the Sea of Japan and may provide useful insights to the understanding of wintertime vortices.

著者

Hanako Y. Inoue Kenichi Kusunoki Toru Adachi Chusei Fujiwara Naoki Ishitsu Ken-ichiro Arai

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.228-233, 2019 (Released:2019-11-12)

参考文献数

24

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The characteristics and finescale evolution of misovortices within a snowband were examined using low-level high-resolution single- and dual-Doppler radar analysis. From 02:00 to 06:00 JST on 17 January 2017, many misovortices developed within three snowbands in the Japan Sea coastal region. The vortices developed along the shear line between the offshore north-northwesterly and the coastal northeasterly. As discussed in several previous studies of misovortices along airmass boundaries, horizontal shearing instability was considered to be a possible mechanism responsible for misovortex formation. A detailed investigation was performed on the most distinct snowband and misovortices embedded within it. Dual-Doppler analysis revealed a detailed behavior of vortex during merger, such as the morphological change from quasi-circular to elliptical shape, and the counterclockwise rotation which caused high-amplitude inflection of the shear line in less than 10 minutes. During the decay stage, the vortices weakened along with weakening convergence. The results suggest that evolution of the misovortex appears to have been closely tied to the low-level convergence within the vortex.

著者

Kazuo Saito

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.222-227, 2019 (Released:2019-11-12)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

8

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It is well known that northward winds are often observed at southern coastal areas of Japan when a developed tropical cyclone is located off the south coast of Japan. These northward winds have been frequently referred to the northward emission of warm and humid air from the typhoon which cause pre-typhoon rainfalls, but their mechanism has not been clarified. In this paper, we show that the northward wind can be explained by the ageostrophic wind components dynamically induced by acceleration vector round the tropical cyclone. On 7 October 2009, when a developed typhoon (T0918 Melor) approached Japan, distinct northward winds were observed at aerological observations over western Japan. Using numerical simulations with the Japan Meteorological Agency nonhydrostatic model, we reproduced the observed northward wind and their mechanism were examined by numerical experiments. The origin of the northward winds is explained by the ageostrophic winds dynamically induced by the acceleration vectors. When a typhoon approaches a baroclinic zone from south, northeastward ageostrophic winds are induced by southeastward acceleration vectors. Other possible causes (diabatic heating and orographic effect) are examined by sensitivity experiments. Diabatic heating by moist process acts to enhance the ageostrophic winds but the role is not primary. Orography has little effect on the observed ageostrophic wind. Non-axisymmetric features of the upper level divergence flow of a tropical cyclone near a baroclinic zone can also be elucidated by the similar mechanism of the ageostrophic winds.

著者

Abd. Rahman As-syakur Keiji Imaoka Kakuji Ogawara Manabu D. Yamanaka Tasuku Tanaka Yuji Kashino I Wayan Nuarsa Takahiro Osawa

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.216-221, 2019 (Released:2019-11-08)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

7

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We analyzed 3-hourly Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission multi-satellite analysis (TRMM 3B42) version-7 data for the 17-year period 1998-2014 to investigate seasonal and geographic characteristics of the diurnal rainfall cycle (DRC) over Sumatera, Indonesia. Dividing Sumatera into north, central, and south regions approximately perpendicular to the west coast, we point out for the first time early-afternoon initiation of daily rainfall not only in the Barisan Mountains but also in the east-coastal small islands (ECSIs) such as Bangka and Belitung. Westward and eastward migrations of rainfall areas from the Barisan Mountains are varied with seasons and regions, with the most remarkable being westward during September-October-November (SON) in the central region and the least remarkable occurring during June-July-August (JJA) in the southern region. In the central region, the DRC reaches a distance of ∼700 km off the west coast during SON and of only 200 km during March-April-May (MAM). The other westward migrations from the ECSIs in the central and southern regions (except for JJA) have been confirmed by 5-year hourly Multi-functional Transport Satellite-1R (MTSAT-1R) cloud-top data. The results shown in this paper suggest that the rainfall distribution with respect to coastal distance, varying geographically and seasonally.

著者

Yan Nie Lijuan Li Yanli Tang Bin Wang

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.211-215, 2019 (Released:2019-10-29)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

11

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External forcings among the different phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) vary considerably, but their impacts have not been extensively investigated yet. This study compares the impacts of CMIP5 and CMIP6 forcings on model stability and the 20th-century global warming and El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) based on the Pre-Industrial control (PI-control) and historical runs of the Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model: Grid-point Version 2 (FGOALS-g2). Results indicate that CMIP6 forcings result in a larger climate drift and a lower climatological global average surface temperature (GAST) than those of CMIP5 in PI-control runs. In historical runs, stronger 20th-century warming trends occur during the periods 1910-1940 and 1970-2005 using CMIP6 forcings, which are closer to the HadCRUT than those of the CMIP5 forcings simulation. A stronger spurious warming trend in the CMIP6 results in an evolution of GAST that is less consistent with the HadCRUT dataset than that in the CMIP5 during 1940-1970. Among all forcings, GHGs and aerosol forcings play the dominant roles in differences in GAST, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. In both the PI-control and historical runs, a larger ENSO amplitude and smaller seasonality are simulated in CMIP6 than in CMIP5.

著者

Hidekazu Matsueda Rebecca R. Buchholz Kentaro Ishijima Helen M. Worden Dorit Hammerling Toshinobu Machida

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.205-210, 2019 (Released:2019-09-27)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

6

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We analyzed temporal variations of carbon monoxide (CO) in the upper troposphere from 30°N to 30°S observed using instruments aboard commercial airliner flights between Japan and Australia over the period 1993-2016. Here we focused on the CO variations in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) that showed a unique seasonal cycle with an increased CO around October-November every year. The seasonal CO peaks in the SH showed significant interannual variability (IAV), and are notably enhanced in strong El Niño years, especially 1997. The CO enhancements are proportionally associated with CO emissions from Indonesian fires, when compared to the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). The IAV of the CO peak anomalies relative to the mean seasonal cycle was assessed by a statistical regression model that uses a combination of multiple climate indices and their interaction terms. We found that over 80% of the CO IAV observed in the upper troposphere could be explained by the model. The largest anomaly in 1997 showed a different CO-climate relationship than the other periods, which could be due to amplification during synchronized climate modes, or include additional influence from other factors such as human activities.

著者

Alessandro Damiani Hitoshi Irie Tamio Takamura Rei Kudo Pradeep Khatri Hironobu Iwabuchi Ryosuke Masuda Takashi Nagao

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.198-204, 2019 (Released:2019-09-27)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

4

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We used observations recorded at Chiba University in November 2018 to examine the variability in cloud optical depth (COD) under overcast conditions. First, we conducted a careful evaluation of four COD datasets retrieved from three types of surface observations: i) zenith radiance recorded by two sky radiometers; ii) solar radiation data collected by a pyranometer; and iii) spatial distribution of radiance recorded using a sky camera system. Although the COD retrieved from the pyranometer (camera) slightly (moderately) overestimated the COD from zenith radiance, we found a satisfactory correlation among all surface estimates. This result suggests the efficacy of both pyranometer- and camera-based approaches and supports their broader use when dedicated cloud observations are not available. We then assessed satellite-based COD estimates retrieved from the recently launched Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) aboard Himawari-8 (H-8) and Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) on the Global Change Observation Mission for Climate (GCOM-C). Overall, we found good agreement between ground and satellite estimates; their correlation and root mean square error were virtually equivalent to values reported for co-located surface-based instruments. Nevertheless, the AHI-based COD was found to be slightly positively biased with respect to surface datasets.

著者

Takenari Kinoshita Koutarou Takaya Toshiki Iwasaki

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.193-197, 2019 (Released:2019-09-13)

参考文献数

16

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The mass-weighted isentropic zonal mean (Z-MIM) equations derived by T. Iwasaki are powerful tools for diagnosing meridional circulation and wave-mean interaction, especially for the lower boundary and unstable waves. Recently, some studies have extended the equations to three dimensions by using the time mean instead of the zonal mean. However, the relation between wave activity flux and residual mean flow (not mass-weighed mean flow) is unclear. In the present study, we derive the three-dimensional (3D) wave activity flux and residual mean flow for Rossby waves on the mass-weighted isentropic time mean equations. Next, we discuss the relation between the obtained formulae and 3D transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) equations.

著者

Jia Liu Xiaofeng Xu Xiangyang Luo

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.189-192, 2019 (Released:2019-09-11)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2

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Accurate estimation of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity is of great significance for serious natural disasters. A new method is presented to estimate intensity of TC using satellite infrared data. Firstly, TC region is calculated according to the location of TC center. Secondly, 2D-PCA algorithm is used to extract feature of bright temperature image, and historical data of TC intensity is matched with the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Thirdly, the matching results are analyzed and the intensity information of TC is estimated. In addition, a TC intensity database, which contains historical data during 2006-2010, is developed for estimation of TC intensity. Experiments show that the proposed method is efficient for real-time estimation of TC intensity, average error of estimation is lower than 15 hPa.

著者

Shun-ichi I. Watanabe Hiroyuki Tsujino Akihiko Murata Masayoshi Ishii

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.183-188, 2019 (Released:2019-09-05)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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We evaluated the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) improvement realized by increasing horizontal resolution of an ocean model on dynamical downscaling (DDS) over Japan, focusing on the effects of the Kuroshio on summer precipitation in Japan. Two sets of SSTs were simulated using a high-resolution North Pacific (NP) model and a low-resolution global (GLB) ocean model. Using these SSTs as the lower boundary conditions for the atmosphere, two DDS experiments were conducted (NP-run and GLB-run). In NP-run, summer precipitation increases over the Kuroshio and reduces over Pacific coastal areas of Japan compared with GLB-run. Due to weaker southerly winds north of the Kuroshio in NP-run, the water vapor flux transported to Japan is smaller than in GLB-run. Both the pressure adjustment and the vertical mixing mechanisms weaken the southerly winds, with the latter being slightly more effective. Increasing the horizontal resolution of the ocean model, so that the Kuroshio is more realistically reproduced, improves the accuracy of simulated precipitation over Japan.

著者

吉田 正 中村 光士郎 小林 泰輔 富所 雄一

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.9, pp.783-789, 2003-09-01 (Released:2011-10-07)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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Mycosis in the paranasal sinus is commonly found in the maxillary sinus, but rarely in the sphenoid sinus. In this paper, three cases of sphenoid sinus mycosis are reported and the clinical feature are compared with the 25 other cases reported in Japan since 1968. Our three patients had complained of headache and eye pain, which were thought to be characteristic symptoms in the 25 previous cases. One of the three patients had onset with a background of rheumatoid arthritis and needed steroid medication, but the other two patients had no improvement with medication for sinusitis. By CT scanning and MRI, a localized sphenoid sinus lesion was detected as a characteristic findings for paranasal sinus mycosis, showing irregular mosaic contras on CT scanning and low intensity signal on T1 and T2 MRI imaging. The definite diagnosis was made by means of histological examination for a block age in the affected sinus cavity. Endoscopic sphenoidectomy was performed through the parsnaslis of the anterior wall of sphenoid sinus and was usefull for total removal of the lesion.

著者

杉野 昭博

出版者

首都大学東京人文科学研究科

雑誌

人文学報. 社会福祉学 (ISSN:03868729)

巻号頁・発行日

no.34, pp.15-33, 2018-03

著者

松本 年男 安井 健一 津森 芳勝 西村 孝

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.5, 1986-03-04

著者

高田 三枝子

出版者

日本語学会

雑誌

日本語の研究 (ISSN:13495119)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.4, pp.48-62, 2008-10-01

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本研究では日本語の語頭の有声閉鎖音/b,d,g/のVOT(Voice Onset Time)について,全国的に収集された音声資料を分析し,この音響的特徴の全国的な地理的,世代的分布パタンを明らかにするものである。分析の結果,祖父母世代の地理的分布から,北関東を移行地帯として間に挟み,大きく東北と関東以西という東西対立型の分布が見られることを指摘し,さらに関東以西の地域では近畿を中心とした周圏分布が見られることを提案した。すなわち古くは,東北は語頭有声閉鎖音のVOTがプラスの値となる音声すなわち半有声音として発音される地域,関東以西は逆にVOTがマイナスの値となる音声すなわち完全有声音として発音される地域として明確な地域差があったといえる。しかし同時に,世代的分布からこの地理的分布パタンが現在消えつつあることも指摘した。完全有声音が発音されていた地域では,現在全域的にVOTがより大きい値(プラス寄り)の音声に変わりつつあると言える。すなわち日本語の語頭有声閉鎖音は全国的に半有声音に統一される方向の音声変化の過程にあると考えられる。

著者

松田 昇

出版者

教育システム情報学会

雑誌

教育システム情報学会誌 (ISSN:13414135)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.13-20, 2018-01-01 (Released:2018-02-09)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

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This article describes the state-of-the-art research on the pedagogical agent technology as a vehicle to advance theories of how people learn. We review different types of pedagogical agents and their roles. In this article, we are particularly interested in an interactive pedagogical agent, called a teachable agent. We provide detailed explanations about different types of teachable agents with some pointers to actual implementations. We discuss how different types of teachable agents works and the advantages and disadvantages of each type. We then discuss how teachable agents help advance learning science research. We introduce SimStudent as an instance of a teachable agent and how it has been used in various research projects. We conclude the article with future research issues.