著者
伊藤 大幸
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.1, pp.118-132, 2007 (Released:2008-12-15)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
6 4

The purpose of this study is to propose and test a model that integrates the incongruity model and the incongruity-resolution model, both of which explain cognitive aspects of the humor process. In the former, the direct cause of humor is incongruity, that is, discrepancy between expectations and actual states, whereas in the latter, it is a resolution of incongruity. In other words, it is a problem solving activity to find a cognitive rule that removes incongruity. The author hypothesized that the direct cause of humor is not resolution but incongruity, and the process of resolution interrupts conscious experience of humor by occupying one's attention. In Experiment 1, subjects read four-frame comic strips while remembering six-digit, three-digit or no numbers. The results showed that the humor rating was lower in the six-figure condition, although no difference was detected in humor comprehension. This suggested that (a) immersion in cognitive activity interrupts the humor experience. In Experiment 2, four-frame comic strips were presented while parts were hidden that either had no relation to humor or included essential cue for resolution. Then the parts were presented after a 5 or 15 second delay. Participants were asked to predict what was hidden during the delay. The results showed that delay decreased humor rating not only in the former condition but also in the latter condition. The effect of delay in the former condition implied (b) temporariness of humor, which was evoked when the stimuli were presented, while in the latter condition it implied that (c) humor as an emotional state could be evoked without resolution. Though the results of the two experiments supported the hypotheses of the author's model, these hypotheses were not sufficiently verified due to methodological problems.
著者
小林 正彬
出版者
関東学院大学経済研究所
雑誌
経済系 (ISSN:02870924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.225, pp.77-94, 2005-10

岩崎彌太郎は,土佐(高知)地下浪人という低い階級の出身で,三菱という現在日本一のグループの創業者となった。しかし,政府後援の共同運輸との海商戦最中に死亡,その後の繁栄を見ていない。その50年の生涯を,戦前の同郷評論家の著書と,2004年に初めて公刊された岩崎家編集の傳記,そして,戦後,同郷入交好脩著と以後の研究を検討する。とくに少壮期の行動を通して,政府そして官僚,母美和との関係をみて,実像を再考したい。

4 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1891年12月22日, 1891-12-22

4 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1930年12月20日, 1930-12-20
著者
山元 敏正
出版者
日本神経治療学会
雑誌
神経治療学 (ISSN:09168443)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.4, pp.542-545, 2017 (Released:2017-02-28)
参考文献数
41

Articles in 2015 on treatments for autonomic nervous system disorders were reviewed.1. Orthostatic hypotension (OH) : Droxidopa had an improvement in some clinical symptoms due to OH in patients with Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure and nondiabetic autonomic neuropathy.2. Constipation : Polyethylene glycol and lubiprostone were effective for the constipation due to slow colonic transit in PD. Management of constipation secondary to defecatory dysfunction due to pelvic floor dyssynergia could be done by levodopa or apomorphine injections, botulinum toxin type A injection into the puborectalis muscle.3. Postural tachycardia syndrome : Inspiratory resistance through an impedance threshold device improved heart rate control in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome during upright posture.4. Vasovagal syncope : Non–pharmacologic treatments including physical counterpressure maneuver and tilt–training and pharmacologic treatments with beta–blocker, fludrocortisone, midodrine and serotonin transporter inhibitors were effective in patients with vasovagal syncope.5. Urinary disturbance : β3–adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron improved the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB). Antimuscarinics such as solfenacin, imidafenacin, fesoterodine or oxybutynin patch, provided an improvement of OAB. Treatment with solifenacin plus tamsulosin improved the storage and voiding symptoms. Combination treatment with mirabegron and solifenacin improved OAB symptoms. Accupuncture was safe with significant improvements of overactive bladder symptoms. BoNT/A and A/Ona showed benefits in treatment of refractory OAB. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation and sacral nerve stimulation showed effectiveness for treatment of OAB.6. Hyperhidrosis : Oxybutynin for treating plantar hyperhidrosis and topical glycopyrrolate for treatment of facial hyperhidrosis were effective. A combination of BoNT/A, B and anticholinergics improved compensatory hyperhidrosis after sympathectomy. Video–assisted thoracic sympathicotomy for the treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis showed the long–term effectiveness. Sympathotomy by clamping at T3 was less effective in reducing the primary symptom of postoperative palmar sweating, but induced less compensatory sweating than did sympathotomy by cutting at T3. Tumescent suction curettage was an effective and safe treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis.
著者
小菅 健一
出版者
山梨英和学院 山梨英和大学
雑誌
山梨英和大学紀要 (ISSN:1348575X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.1-14, 2006

〈ことば〉="言語"の持っている〈イメージ〉喚起力という、"映像"性をめぐる表現ということで、《言語映像》論と措定して、言語芸術である文学作品の読みの活性化を計るために、活用していくのだが、〈ことば〉を〈ことば〉で読み解いていく限界があるので、その理論を相対化しつつ、相乗効果を発揮させる新たな視座として、"映像"が持っている"言語"的な表現を《映像言語》論として、それぞれの表現特性や両者の相関性の分析を基本にして、言語芸術と視覚芸術の関係(コラボレーション、オリジナルとコピー)において見出すことの出来る、可能性と限界を明らかにした。そして、《言語映像》と《映像言語》において論じる"映像"が、位相の異なるものであるということから、同じパラダイムで論じるための枠組みの再構築ということで、第三の"映像"として、アニメーションの画の存在に着目して、小説・実写映画・アニメーション映画をめぐる"映像"の相関性の考察に踏み込み、ジャンルを横断して三つのメディアを自由自在に使い分けている表現者として、押井守という存在に辿り着くことで、《言語映像》と《映像言語》の次の段階へ向けての前提作業を行なった。
著者
Takuma Yoshihara Kazunori Shimada Kosuke Fukao Eiryu Sai Yayoi Sato-Okabayashi Rie Matsumori Tomoyuki Shiozawa Hamad Alshahi Tetsuro Miyazaki Norihiro Tada Hiroyuki Daida
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.7, pp.1470-1478, 2015-06-25 (Released:2015-06-25)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
37 54

Background:Dietary intake of ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs) reduces progression of atherosclerosis and prevents future cardiovascular events. Macrophages are key players in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm. The effects of ω3-PUFAs on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation and macrophage-mediated inflammation remain unclear.Methods and Results:The AAA model was developed by angiotensin II infusion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Mice were supplemented with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The development of AAA lesions and macrophage infiltration in the aorta were analyzed. Gene expression of inflammatory markers in aortic tissues and peritoneal macrophages were measured by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AAA formation and macrophage infiltration were significantly suppressed after EPA and DHA administration. EPA administration and DHA administration significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor-β, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the aortas. The expression of arginase 2, which is a marker of pro-inflammatory macrophages, was significantly lower and that of Ym1, which is a marker of anti-inflammatory macrophages, and was significantly higher after EPA and DHA administration. The same trends were observed in peritoneal macrophages after EPA and DHA administration.Conclusions:Dietary intake of EPA and DHA prevented AAA development through the inhibition of aortic and macrophage-mediated inflammation. (Circ J 2015; 79: 1470–1478)